Relationship between maternal iodine intake and congenital hypothyroidism in newborns / 国际儿科学杂志

Iodine is an essential trace element for human body,and it is a basic raw material for the synthesis of thyroid hormones.Congenital hypothyroidism is a disease caused by inadequate thyroid hormone synthesis.As iodized salt has been widely consumed in our country,the epidemic goiter plunged in iodine deficiency areas.However,the incidence of congenital hypothyroidism in China has not decreased significantly.It was found that either insufficient or excessive intake of iodine during pregnancy had adverse effects on neonatal congenital hypothyroidism,and the proper iodine intake during pregnancy will be helpful to reduce the mobility of congenital hypothyroidism.

Lead exposure influence on children's bone mineral density / 国际儿科学杂志

Lead exposure is toxic to children.With the development of industry,lead exposure of children becomes more and more serious.Bone is the major target organ for lead loading.In terms of bone development,childhood is a critical period for the production of peak bone mass,and keeping it normal is important for the measurement of bone health and decreasing the morbidity of osteoporosis.Recent research revealed that children's bone mineral density is affected by elevated level of blood lead and this effect is mainly through the inhibition of the activity of osteoblast cell,the influence on calcium and phosphorus metabolism,and the retardation of children's bone growth.Therefore,the review focuses on the source,toxic effect,and the influence on bone mineral density and its mechanism of children lead exposure.

Progress on molecular mechanism of mercury induced neurotoxicity in children / 国际儿科学杂志

Mercury is one of the ubiquitous environmental neurotoxins which causes adverse effects on the development of children's neural system.Considering the severe neurotoxicity of mercury,finding and minimizing the sources of mercury exposure is essential for children's health.Amongst the mercury compounds,the toxicity of organic mercury is the most severe.Methyl mercury (MeHg) is the most detrimental and represents a major source of human exposure of mercury.Recent studies on molecular mechanisms of MeHg neurotoxicity points out that MeHg mainly mediates its toxic effects through the impairment of intraceilular calcium homeostasis,alteration of glutamate homeostasis,and oxidative stress.These concepts provide the biochemical interpreting of MeHg neurotoxicity.This review provides the current information on mercury,including environmental sources,neurotoxicity,and molecular mechanisms of MeHg-induced neurotoxicity.It will be helpful to find some effective ways of interfering children mercury exposure.