Development of a questionnaire for compliance with the management standard of nosocomial infection control in hemodialysis rooms and its reliability and validity / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To develop a questionnaire for compliance with the management standard of nosocomial infection control in hemodialysis rooms (centers), and to evaluate the reliability and validity.Methods:Based on the Knowledge, Attitude/Belief, Practice (KAP) survey model, the initial questionnaire was formed by using literature review, the brainstorming and expert consultation. And the final questionnaire was developed by preliminary investigation and the formal investigation, and the reliability and validity test was carried out.Results:The questionnaire consisted of 3 subscales of knowledge, attitude and practice, totaling 40 items. The S-CVI was 0.953, 0.979, 0.943 respectively and that of each item was above 0.867. In the exploratory factor analysis, 3, 1 and 3 common factors were extracted and the cumulative contribution rate was 47.178%, 68.313% and 62.271% respectively. The Cronbach α coefficient was 0.906 for the total questionnaire and 0.641, 0.958 and 0.864 for 3 subscales. The retest reliability was 0.954 for the total questionnaire and 0.694, 0.893 and 0.708 for 3 subscales.Conclusions:The questionnaire had high reliability and validity, which can be used as an effective evaluation tool for the standard to investigate the compliance of medical staffs in hemodialysis rooms.

Risk factors of catheter-related bloodstream infection in hemodialysis patients:a Meta-analysis / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To identify the risk factors of catheter-related bloodstream infection in hemodialysis patients using Meta-analysis.Methods:We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, CBM, CNKI and Wangfang Data to collect literature about risk factors of catheter-related bloodstream infection in hemodialysis patients. Data were analyzed by RevMan 5.3 after literature screening, data extraction, and quality appraisal according to criteria by two researchers independently.Results:Ten literatures were recruited,including 3 143 cases and 7 risk factors.According to Meta analysis, catheter indwelling time ( OR value was 2.59, 95% CI 1.18-5.68), times of intubation ( OR value was 10.02, 95% CI 5.93-16.92), femoral vein catheterization ( OR value was 1.73, 95% CI 1.32-2.25), age ( OR value was 1.94, 95% CI 1.50-2.51), diabetes mellitus ( OR value was 2.58, 95% CI 2.03-3.29) and hemoglobin level ( OR value was 1.61, 95% CI 1.18-2.18), were significantly different in each group (all P<0.05). Conclusions:The main of risk factors for catheter-related bloodstream infection in hemodialysis patients are catheter indwelling time, times of intubation, femoral vein catheterization, age, diabetes mellitus and hemoglobin level. However, the relationship between catheter-related bloodstream infection and albumin level needs to be confirmed by more studies.

Design and implementation of mind mapping for health education in patients undergoing enterostomy / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective@#To design and make a mind map of enterostomy health education and provide a reference for health education of patients with enterostomy.@*Methods@#The mental map group was set up, and the contents of health education for patients with enterostomy were initially established by referring to the literature and combining with the clinical practice. The first draft of mental health education mentality of enterostomy was made by drawing software. After consulting and verifying by experts finalized.@*Results@#The formed intestinal orifice health education mind map consisted of 4 parts of admission education, preoperative education, postoperative education, discharge guidance and small modules contained in each part.@*Conclusions@#The mind map is comprehensive and can be used for health education of patients with enterostoma.

Relation of social anxiety to self-focused attention and interpersonal needs in college students / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective: To explore the mediating effects of self-focused attention between social anxiety and interpersonal needs. Methods: Totally 467 college students [159 males and 221 females, mean age (21 ±2)] were assessed with the Social Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-Focused Attention Scale (SFAS) and Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire (INQ ). The bootstrap method was used to test the mediating effect Results: The SFAS and INQ scores were higher in female students than in males (Ps <0.01). The scores of SAS, SFAS, and INQ were positively correlated each other (r = 0.20 - 0.90, Ps < 0.01). Self-focused attention has a full mediating effect between social anxiety and interpersonal needs, and the 95％ confidence interval was (0.34, 0.59). Conclusion: It suggests that the effect of interpersonal needs on social anxiety may be achieved through self-focused attention in college students. Reducing the level of self-focused attention may be an important way to alleviate social anxiety among college students.

Structural equation model of the relationship between sense of coherence,social support and coping style of permanent colostomy / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To explore the levels of sense of coherence,social support and coping style of permanent colostomy,and explicit the relationships among the three variables.the structural equation model(SEM) was used to investigate the relationship of the three variables in order to provide the theory basis for patients with permanent colostomy. Methods Self designed questionnaire,Sense of coherence scale, Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire and social support Scale were used to investigate 172 permanent colostomy patients from two grade 3 class A hospitals in Harbin. Results The total score of SOC in patients with permanent colostomy was (65.09 ± 11.71) points;The total score of social support in patients with permanent colostomy was (42.60 ± 7.26) points;the three subscales of medical coping modes questionnaire in descending sequence were avoidance, confrontation and acceptance-resignation with (18.53 ± 2.82), (17.37 ± 5.48), (9.49 ± 3.25) points. The abusive social support and coping style were significantly correlated to sense of coherence (P< 0.01 for both). Moreover, sense of coherence can be predicted directly by social support,and predicted indirectly via the mediating effect of coping style. Conclusion Effective measures should be taken to improve social support and via coping style to improve sense of coherence.

Quantitative study on high-touched object surface in different special intensive care units / 中国感染控制杂志

Objective To identify the high-touched object surface in different special intensive care units(ICUs) through the observation and statistical analysis on the number of touching with common object surfaces in different ICUs, so as to provide basis for hospital environmental management.Methods Direct observation method was used to observe the daily activities of health care workers, the number of touching with various common object surfaces was recorded, Poisson distribution was adopted to statistically analyze the data.Results The average number of touching from high to low was as follows : medical record folder(n=28.00), chair(n=18.38), emergency rescue cart(treatment cart, n=17.29), bed surface(n=13.90), intravenous infusion line(n=13.76), medical pen(n=13.38), and intravenous transfusion pump(n=11.81), these objects accounted for 64.01% of all surface touching number.Different special ICUs were slightly different, general ICU high-touch object included the first 6 categories;cardiothoracic surgery ICU included the above 7 categories besides keyboard and mouse;internal medicine ICU included the first 6 categories and mobile phone.Conclusion High-touched object surface varied with different special ICUs of the same hospital, hospital should make the corresponding disinfection management measures according to the actual situation of high-touched surface of each department, so as to reduce the incidence of healthcare-associated infection.

Development the online intimate relationship questionnaire for college students / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To develop the scale to measure online intimate relationship and test its validity and reliability for college students.Methods A total of 1 105 subjects were recruited in this investigation for 6 times.Based on literatures,open-ended questionnaire investigations,semi-structured interview and experts' opinions,item analyses,exploratory factor analyses,validity and reliability analysis were conducted to develop the scale.Results The self-made scale showed a second-order structure,including intimacy,passion and commitment dimension.Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model had good fit (χ2/df=3.47,GFI=0.92,NFI=0.90,CFI=0.92,TLI=0.90,IFI=0.92,RMSEA=0.08).The 3 dimensions had good internal reliability with Cronbach's α coefficients from 0.73 to 0.89 and retest reliability coefficients from 0.80 to 0.91.In addition,the scale had good external validity and convergent validity.ConclusionThe self-made scale has acceptable reliabilities and validities,which can be used to measure online intimate relationship for college students.

Mediating effect of self-identity on relationship between interpersonal adaptation and mobile phone addiction tendency in college students / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To explore the mediating effect of self-identity on the relationship between interpersonal adaptation and the tendency of mobile phone addiction in college students.Methods:Totally 498 college students (217 males and 281 females) were selected and assessed with the College Student Interpersonal Adaptability Inventory (CSIAI),Mobile Phone Addiction Tendency Scale (MPATS) and Personal Identity Scale(PIS).The bias-corrected percentile bootstrap method was used to analyze the mediating effect of self-identity between interpersonal adaptation and mobile phone addiction tendency in college students.Results:The MPATS scores of male students were significantly lower than female students [(2.6 ± 0.7) vs.(2.7 ± 0.6),P ＜ 0.05].The MPATS scores were negatively correlated with the scores of CSIAI and PIS (r =-0.31,-0.36,Ps ＜ 0.01),the CSIAI scores were positively correlated with the PIS scores (r =0.50,P ＜0.01).Self-identity played a partly mediating role between interpersonal adaptation and mobile phone addiction tendency,which accounted for 43.6％ of the total effect.Conclusion:It shows that the mobile phone addiction tendency may be related to interpersonal adaptation and self-identity,interpersonal adaptation could affect the mobile phone addiction tendency through the self-identity.

Identification characters of leaf venation of Bidens pilosa with its confused herb Bidens pilosa var. radiata / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the leaf venation characteristics of Bidens pilosa and B. pilosa var. radiata and establish an identification method.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>LMVP (leaf morphological-venation pattern for identification Chinese herbs), and QAERM (quantitatively analyze and evaluate reliability for the method of identification Chinese herbs) were applied for the study.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Under the transmission-light, the tertiary vein of B. pilosa was discrete, the color was darker, the size was bigger, the shape was short curve, short linear, spot-like and branch-like. However the tertiary vein of B. pilosa var. radiata was continuous linear and color lighter. With the mentioned key difference, the both plants could be successfully identified from each other, the accuracy of identification results (AC) was from 96.7% to 97.7%. The repeatability of identification results: agreement rate for observation (ARO) was 95.1% and Kappa value was 0.90.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The established method is simple, rapid, economic and reliable.</p>

Distribufion and significance of IgG subclasses of serum antithyroglobulin antibody in Hashimoto thyroiditis / 中华内科杂志

objective To evaluate the distribution and significance of IgG subclasses of antithyroglobulin antibody in sera from patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis.Methods Sera from 112 patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis were collected and patients were divided into 3 groups,i.e.hypothyroidism,subclinical hypothyroidism and euthyroidism.Antigen specific ELISA was used to detect the distribution of IgG subclasses of antithyroglobulin antibody.Results The positive rates of IgG subclasses of TgAb were IgG1 90.2%,IgG2 58.0%,IgG3 19.6%and IgG4 87.5%respectively.The mean geometric titers of IgG1 in sera from patients with hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism were 1:450.8 and 1:245.5 respectively,both being significantly higher than that with euthyroidism(1:8.7,P＜0.01).The mean geometric titers of IgG2 in sera from patients with hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism were 1:37.3 and 1:3.2 respectively,both being also significantly higher than that with euthyroidism(1:0.2,P＜0.01 and P＜0.05 respectively)and that with hypothyroidism was significantly higher than that with subclinical hypothyroidism(P＜0.05).Conclusion The distribution of IgG subclasses of antithyroglobulin antibody in sera from patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis was predominantly IgG1,IgG2 and IgG4.High titers of IgG1 and IgG2 implicated the possibility of development from subclinical hypothyroidism to overt hypothyroidism.

A clinical pathological study of thyroid nodules detected by physical examinations / 中华内科杂志

Objective To investigate the relation among the results of thyroid fine needle aspiration cytology(FNAC),thyroid ultrasonography(US)and histopathologic diagnosis about the thyroid nodules detected by physical examination,meanwhile to analyze the etiopathogenesis of the nodtries and to evaluate the risk of thyroid cancer and the clinical diagnostic value of FNAC.Methods The data of thyroid FNAC results of the thyrroid nodules detected by physical examination in 271 cases were analyzed and compared with thyroid US and histopathologie diagnosis.Resuit (1)The FNAC results showed that the incidences of malignant and suspected mali-gnant lesions were 1.48%and 5.90%respectively.The rate of benign lesions was 78.60%and that of goiter was 29.15%,Hashimoto's thyroiditis 26.57%and thyroid adenoma 15.13%.Benign lesions were more common than malignant ones.(2)Comparison of the FNAC and US results of the thyroid nodules showed that of 96 cases with single nodule the rates of malignancy and suspected malignancy were 3.12%and 7.29%,but of 137 cases with multiple nodules the rates of the two lesions were 0.73%and 6.57%.In 108 cases with smaller nodules(≤1.5 cm)the rate of malignancy and suspected malignaney found with FNAC were 0.93%and 7.41%,while in 125 cases with greater nodules (＞1.5 cm)the rate of the two lesions were 2.40%and 6.42%.In 99 solid nodules the rates of malignancy and suspected malignancy were 2.02%and 12.12%,while in 85 cystic or mixed nodules the rates of the two lesions were 2.35%and 2.35%.In the above-mentioned three groups,only the suspected malignaney rate in solid nodules was higher than these in cystic or mixed ones with significant difference (P=0.013).(3)As compared with the cytological and histological diagnoses in 24 cases,the diagnostic accuracy of FNAC was 75.00%and the rates of false positive and false negative were 25.00%and 0,respectively.Conclusions The common causes of the thyroid nodules detected in physieal examination are goiter,Hashimoto's thyroiditis and thyroid adenoma.FNAC is a reliable method to define the benign or malignant nature of thyroid nodules with a high diagnostic accuracy.US features of the nodule alone,no matter it is single,solid or of greater size do not sufficiently increase the incidence of thyroid carcinoma.

Incidence of subclinical thyroid dysfunction in Beijing population by physical check-ups / 中华全科医师杂志

Objective To understand the incidence of subclinical thyroid dysfunction in adult population of Beijing.Methods Serum levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH),T3,T4 and thyroid peroxidase antibody(TPOAb)were measured for 1966 persons living in Beijing by physical examinations in 2002,and 1646 of them(83.72%)were followed-up in 2004.Results Overall incidence of subclinical hypothyroidism and subclinical hyperthyroidism were 1.72 percent and 0.25 percent,respectively.Incidence of subclinical hypothyroidism in females aged ＞40 years was significantly higher than that in those ≤40 years(χ2=10.869,P＜0.01),but no significant difference between those ＞40 and ≤40 years in males was found.Incidence of subclinical hypothyroidism in females was significantly higher than that in males ＞40 years of age(χ2=24.122,P＜0.01),but no significant difference between females and males ≤40 years was found.No significant difference in incidence of subclinical hypothyroidism was noticed between varied age groups and between males and females.Incidence of subclinical hypothyroidism was significantly higher in those with history of subclinical hypothyroidism than that in those without it(χ2= 6.898,P＜0.01).No significant difference in incidence of subclinical hypothyroidism between those with family history of thyroid disease and those without it was found.Incidence of subclinical hypothyroidism was significantly higher in those with positive TPOAb than that in those with negative one(χ2=14.084,P＜0.01),but no significant difference in incidence of subclinical hyperthyroidism between those with positive and negative TPOAb was found.Conclusion Incidence of subclinical hypothyroidism was a little bit higher in population of Beijing area by physical examinations,particularly in females,elder age and positive TPOAb.

A Study on the Na+-K+ATPase Activity of Erythrocyte Membranes in Diabetic Patients / 中国糖尿病杂志

A study on the Na+-K+ ATPase activity of erythrocyte membranes was carried out in 34 NIDDM patients without complications and in 20 age-matched normal control subjects. The Na+-K + ATPase activity was decreased in the NIDDM patients as compared with that of the normal subjects. There was a positive correlation between the Na+-K+ ATPase and the serum insulin peak level as well as the area under curves of insulin releasing test. There was no correlation between the Na+-K+ATP ase and the fasting blood glucose or glycohemoglobin level. The mean value of erythrocyte su-peroxide dismutase (SOD) was decreased in the NIDDM patients as compared with that of normal subjects. But the Na+-K+ ATPase activity was not correlated with SOD. The result suggests that Na+-K+ATPase activity in the NIDDM patients is regulated by the serum insulin level. Insulin treatment would be useful for these patients to increase the activity of Na+-K+ATPase and prevent chronic complications.

EFFECT OF EXOGENOUS cAMP ON HUMAN STOMACH GLANDULAR CARCINOMA SGC-7901 CELLS / 解剖学报

The experiment was carried out on cultured human stomach glandular carcinoma (SGC-7901 cell line). We previously reported the cytochemical changes of (Na~+-K~+)-ATPase activity and the changes of microvilli. We here studied the relationship among the cAMP, cAMP-PDEase, Mg~(++)-ATPase activity, the cell growth and differentiation. Cells were exposed to Immol/L cAMP together with 1 mmol/L theophylline. We showed cAMP specific fluorescence by immunocytochemical method, Mg~(++)-ATPase and cAMP-PDEase activity by cytochemical methods. We found that cAMP with theophylline not only inhibited the growth of these SGC-7901 cells as shown by our previous result, but also decreased the activity of Mg~(++)-ATPase and 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate phosphodiesterase. The result indicates that exogenous cAMP can inhibit 3', 5'-cAMP-PDEase and Mg~(++)-ATPase activity and increase cAMP level in cell, and cAMP regulated the growth and differentiation of SGC-7901 cell line

ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC OBSERVATION OF THE CYTOCHEMICAL CHANGES OF Mg~(++), (Na~+-K~+)- ATPase, cAMP-PDE OF THE EFFECT OF 3', 5'- cAMP ON HEPATOMA-22 ASCITIC TUMOR CELLS IN VIVO / 解剖学报

The experiment was carried out on Hepatoma-22 ascitic tumor cells of mice in vivo. Daily injection of 2 mg cAMP with 1 mg theophylline into the peritoneal cavity for 7 and 8 days, then these animals were sacrificed. We found that cAMP with theophylline inhibit the growth of tumor cells of Hepatoma-22 ascitic and decrease the activity of Mg~(++), (Na~+-K~+)-ATPase and cAMP-PDE on the cell surface of H-22 tumor cells of mice by cytochemical electron microscopy. Exogenic cAMP and theophlline decrease the activities of these enzymes and elevate the intracellular content of cAMP. These may indicate the reversion transformation of the cancer cell.