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Purpose@#Carbohydrate counting provides better glycemic control and flexibility than other food planning methods. Consistent adherence to such a complex method is difficult, especially for youth. However, studies that determine adherence to this method and whether it alters metabolic control are limited. The aim of the current study was to determine adherence to this method and investigate its effect on metabolic control, anthropometric measurements, insulin dose, and energy intake. @*Methods@#In this prospective cross-sectional study, 53 children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus aged 2 to18 years and receiving intensive insulin therapy were trained and followed for 6 months. Demographics, anthropometrics, insulin requirements, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting lipids, and food records at baseline and study conclusion were evaluated. At the end of the study patients were divided into adherer and nonadherer groups according to carbohydrate estimate deviations from standardized daily sample menus and calculations for accurate insulin doses. More than 10-g variation in daily consumed carbohydrate amount or failure to decide bolus insulin dose was defined as a nonadherer. @*Results@#The mean HbA1c, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and body mass index standard deviation score changed after the carbohydrate counting training while the mean HbA1c between groups was significant (P<0.05). Total daily insulin doses increased, and the mean high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels decreased in both groups. There were significant correlations between HbA1c and carbohydrate deviation scores as well as HbA1c and caregiver's education level. @*Conclusion@#Since adherence to carbohydrate counting may affect metabolic control, health professionals should evaluate and monitor carbohydrate counting skills of caregivers and patients in order to improve efficiency.
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Objective: To determine the risk factors of obesity and diet on breast cancer in Ankara, Turkey
Methods: A case-controlled study was carried out on newly diagnosed 40 breast cancer patients [patient group [PC]] and 40 volunteer individuals [control group [CG]] with no diagnosis of cancer and history of cancer in the family with similar characteristics to the age and gender-matched patient group between March and July 2016. All the individuals were administered a questionnaire by face-to-face interview method
Results: The mean menarche age, age at first birth and menopause age were 13.0 +/- 1.17, 22.6 +/- 3.78 and 44.33 +/- 2.39 years in PG and 12.3 +/- 0.95, 21.6 +/- 2.99, 46.71 +/- 2.41 years in CG, respectively. The mean BMI values were determined as 28.1 +/- 6.75 kg/m[2] in PG and 30.1 +/- 6.18 kg/m[2] in CG [p>0.05]. It was determined that intake of vitamin C and fiber decreases the risk of breast cancer. Also, eating quickly and smoking were risk factors for breast cancer [p<0.05]
Conclusion: This study indicated that there are relationships between menarche age, menopause age, and age at first birth, eating quickly, smoking and breast cancer. Conversely, there are significant negative relationships between dietary fiber, vitamin C intake and breast cancer. As a result, it can be said that there is a link between breast cancer and lifestyle factors and a reduction in the risk of developing breast cancer can be achieved through changes in diet, one of the lifestyle factors
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To determine the nutritional status and anthropometric measurements of patients with multiple sclerosis [MS]. This research was conducted on 37 [15 men, 22 women] new diagnosed MS patients who applied to Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital, Ankara Turkey, from June to August 2011. The nutritional status of patients was determined by a 3-day and 24-hour dietary record and a food frequency questionnaire. Body composition was analyzed by bioelectrical impedance analyzer, and body mass index was calculated. The Nutrient Data Base [BEBIS] program was used to evaluate the energy and nutrient intakes of patients and compared with Dietary Reference Intakes recommendations. Blood samples were collected and serum glucose, lipid profiles, total protein, albumin, total calcium, magnesium, vitamin B12, and vitamin D levels were analyzed. Approximately 5.4% of patients were underweight, 54.1% were normal weight, 24.3% were overweight and 16.2% were obese. Daily mean energy intakes were 2730 +/- 840.97 kcal in men and 1967 +/- 647.24 kcal in women. The percentage of the carbohydrates was 46.9%, proteins was 14.6%, and fats of the total energy was 38.4%. Approximately 16.7% of the patients' serum vitamin D, and 6.7% of the patients' serum vitamin B12 levels were below than the reference ranges. Multiple sclerosis patients have high body mass index values and poor nutritional status. It was verified that life style modification with adequate and balanced nutritional habits is very important in MS patients
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To determine the effects of Ramadan fasting on dietary intakes, nutritional status and biochemical parameters of Turkish pregnant women. We carried out this study at Dr. Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Health Care and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey from October 15th to November 13th 2004. Forty-nine fasting group and 49 non-fasting group [control group] voluntarily enrolled for the study. We analyzed the blood biochemical parameters of pregnant women and obtained the dietary intakes from the groups. Compared to the control group, weight gain and energy intake [p<0.05 for second and third trimesters] was less in the fasting group. The percentage of protein [p<0.05 for first and second trimesters] and carbohydrates [p<0.05 for all trimesters] from total energy was higher in the fasting group than in the control group. We noticed a slight increase in the fasting blood glucose, serum total cholesterol high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and triglycerides [p<0.05 for first trimester] concentrations in the fasting group during Ramadan. However, we found decreased levels in the plasma urea, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and total protein and albumin levels of the fasting group in comparison with the control group. Dietary mineral and vitamin intakes were lower than the recommended daily allowance, except vitamin A and vitamin C in both groups. Based on the results of the present study, Ramadan fasting had no significant adverse effect on the health of pregnant women