RESUMO
Objective@#To understand the current situation of the social development between only children and firstborn of young age, so as to provide a reference for the promotion of the social development of young children.@*Methods@#Stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 734 only children and firstborn children aged 3-9 in two kindergartens and two primary schools from grade 1 to grade 3 for questionnaire survey in Bengbu City. The content included the general information of children and their parents and the social assessment of children.@*Results@#The rate of emotional symptoms in firstborn children(27.8%) was higher than those of only children (17.6%)( χ 2=9.45, P <0.01). The results of univariate analysis showed that the rate of hyperactivity and inattention in social development of both only children and firstborns decreased with the increase of family socioeconomic status ( P < 0.05 ). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis of only children showed that only children with high economic status had a lower risk of hyperactivity and inattention and had a higher risk of peer interaction( P <0.05). The prosocial behavior of girls was better than that of boys in the aspect of social development of only children and firstborn children( OR =1.70, 2.85, P <0.05). For only children, the occurrence risk of being difficult was lower when the primary caregiver was parents than grandparents( OR =1.63, P < 0.05 ). For firstborn children, the risk of being difficult in nuclear families was lower than that in third generation families( OR = 2.14 , P <0.05). Multivariate analysis of the only child showed that boys had higher risk of hyperactive attention and less prosocial behavior than girls ( OR =2.24, 1.70, P <0.05), and a lower risk of developing mood disorders than girls( OR =0.57, P <0.05). The social development of only children varied among different grades, and the risk of abnormal prosocial behavior was lower with the increase of grades ( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#Higer family social status is positively associated with children s social development level. But parents with high economic status should also avoid too much material and spiritual doting. Parents should strengthen their own learning to enhance the level of socialized education, raising siblings equally, improve the quality of parent child relationship, and promote the all round development of children s socialization level.
RESUMO
Cutaneous wound healing has always been an intractable medical problem for both clinicians and researchers, with an urgent need for more efficacious methods to achieve optimal outcomes morphologically and functionally. Stem cells, the body’s rapid response ‘road repair crew,’ being on standby to combat tissue injuries, are an essential part of regenerative medicine. Currently, the use of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), a kind of mesenchymal stem cells with multipotent differentiation and self-renewal capacity, is surging in the field of cutaneous wound healing. ADSCs may exert influences either by releasing paracrine signalling factors or differentiating into mature adipose cells to provide the ‘building blocks’ for engineered tissue. As an important paracrine substance released from ADSCs, exosomes are a kind of extracellular vesicles and carrying various bioactive molecules mediating adjacent or distant intercellular communication.Previous studies have indicated that ADSCs derived exosomes (ADSCs-Exos) promoted skin wound healing by affecting all stages of wound healing, including regulating inflammatory response, promoting proliferation and migration of fibroblasts or keratinocytes, facilitating angiogenesis, and regulating remodeling of extracellular matrix, which have provided new opportunities for understanding how ADSCsExos mediate intercellular communication in pathological processes of the skin and therapeutic strategies for cutaneous wound repair. In this review, we focus on elucidating the role of ADSCs-Exos at various stages of cutaneous wound healing, detailing the latest developments, and presenting some challenges necessary to be addressed in this field, with the expectation of providing a new perspective on how to best utilize this powerful cell-free therapy in the future.
RESUMO
Cutaneous wound healing has always been an intractable medical problem for both clinicians and researchers, with an urgent need for more efficacious methods to achieve optimal outcomes morphologically and functionally. Stem cells, the body’s rapid response ‘road repair crew,’ being on standby to combat tissue injuries, are an essential part of regenerative medicine. Currently, the use of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), a kind of mesenchymal stem cells with multipotent differentiation and self-renewal capacity, is surging in the field of cutaneous wound healing. ADSCs may exert influences either by releasing paracrine signalling factors or differentiating into mature adipose cells to provide the ‘building blocks’ for engineered tissue. As an important paracrine substance released from ADSCs, exosomes are a kind of extracellular vesicles and carrying various bioactive molecules mediating adjacent or distant intercellular communication.Previous studies have indicated that ADSCs derived exosomes (ADSCs-Exos) promoted skin wound healing by affecting all stages of wound healing, including regulating inflammatory response, promoting proliferation and migration of fibroblasts or keratinocytes, facilitating angiogenesis, and regulating remodeling of extracellular matrix, which have provided new opportunities for understanding how ADSCsExos mediate intercellular communication in pathological processes of the skin and therapeutic strategies for cutaneous wound repair. In this review, we focus on elucidating the role of ADSCs-Exos at various stages of cutaneous wound healing, detailing the latest developments, and presenting some challenges necessary to be addressed in this field, with the expectation of providing a new perspective on how to best utilize this powerful cell-free therapy in the future.
RESUMO
Objective@#To explore the interrelationships among fathers’ parenting effectiveness, urban children’s sociality and the acceptance of “second-born children” by children (including only children and “first-born children”), and to provide a reference for interventional measured for improving children’s acceptance rate of "second-bron children".@*Methods@#Stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 3 to 9-year-old 778 only children and “first-born children” in two kindergartens and grades 1-3 of two primary schools in a city, and the children and their fathers were investigated with questionnaires survey regarding general information of both fathers and children, the acceptance degree of “second-born children”, the sociality of children and the parenting effectiveness of fathers.@*Results@#Children in different grades had different acceptance levels of “second-born children” and the difference was statistically significant (F=2.89，P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that the acceptance of “second-born children” was negatively correlated with the interaction between the only children and “first-born children”, and positively correlated with the prosocial behavior of the only children and “first-born children”, both of which are statistically significant (r=-0.10，0.10,P<0.01). Father’s role efficacy was negatively correlated with onlychildren and “first-born-children” peer interaction problems(r=-0.15), and positively correlated with prosocial behavior(r=0.32), both of which were statistically significant (P<0.01). The structural equation model of father’s parenting effectiveness, children’s sociality and acceptance of “second-born children” showed that low father’s parenting effectiveness could positively predict children’s peer communication problems and negatively predict children’s prosocial behavior, and thus children’s peer communication problems could negatively predict the acceptance degree of only children and “first-born children” to “second-born children”, and prosocial behaviors could positively predict the acceptance degree of “second-born children”.@*Conclusion@#Promoting father’s parenting efficiency can facilitate the social development of children and the acceptance of siblings.It’s recommended that fathers actively participate in specific parenting matters for the only child and "one child",and consciously improve parenting effectiveness.