A prospective randomized controlled study on the effects of bicycle ergometer rehabilitation training on quadriceps and walking ability of patients with lower limb dysfunction caused by extensive burns / 中华烧伤杂志

Objective: To explore the effects of bicycle ergometer rehabilitation training on quadriceps and walking ability of patients with lower limb dysfunction caused by extensive burns. Methods: A prospective randomized controlled study was conducted. A total of 40 patients with extensive burns who met the inclusion criteria and were admitted to Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University＆Wuhan Third Hospital from December 2017 to December 2020 were selected. According to the random number table, the patients were divided into conventional training group (16 males, 4 females, aged (45±10) years) and combined training group (13 males, 7 females, aged (39±8) years). Patients in conventional training group were given conventional rehabilitation therapy such as joint loosening, lower limb strength training, walking training, and pressure therapy, while patients in combined training group were given additional bicycle ergometer rehabilitation training on the basis of conventional rehabilitation. For patients in the 2 groups before and after a 2-month's treatment, the thickness of quadriceps was measured by ultrasonic diagnostic instrument, the muscle strength of quadriceps was measured by portable muscle strength tester, the walking ability was tested with a 6-min and a 10-meter walk tests, and the patients' satisfaction for treatment effects was assessed using the modified Likert scale. Data were statistically analyzed with independent or paired sample t test, Mann-Whitney U test, Wilcoxon signed rank test, or chi-square test. Results: After 2-month's treatment, the quadriceps thickness of patients in combined training group was (3.76±0.39) cm, which was significantly thicker than (3.45±0.35) cm in conventional training group (t=2.67, P<0.05); quadriceps thickness of patients in conventional training group and combined training group after 2-month's treatment was significantly thicker than that before treatment (with t values of 5.99 and 8.62, respectively, P<0.01). After 2-month's treatment, the quadriceps muscle strength of patients in combined training group was significantly greater than that in conventional training group (Z=2.69, P<0.01); quadriceps muscle strength of patients in conventional training group and combined training group after 2-month's treatment was significantly greater than that before treatment (with Z values of 3.92 and 3.92, respectively, P<0.01). After 2-month's treatment, the 6-min walking distance of patients in combined training group was (488±39) m, which was significantly longer than (429±25) m in conventional training group (t=5.66, P<0.01); the 6-min walking distance of patients after 2-month's treatment in conventional training group and combined training group was significantly longer than that before treatment (with t values of 13.16 and 17.92, respectively, P<0.01). After 2-month's treatment, the 10-meter walking time of patients in combined training group was significantly shorter than that in conventional training group (t=3.20, P<0.01); and the 10-meter walking time in conventional training group and combined training group was significantly shorter than that before treatment (with t values of 7.21 and 13.13, respectively, P<0.01). The patients' satisfaction score for treatment effects in combined training group was significantly higher than that in conventional training group (Z=3.14, P<0.01), and the patients' satisfaction scores for treatment effects in conventional training group and combined training group after 2-month's treatment were significantly greater than those before treatment (with Z values of 3.98 and 4.04, respectively, P<0.01). Conclusions: Bicycle ergometer rehabilitation training can be used to improve quadriceps thickness, muscle strength, and walking ability of patients with lower limb dysfunction caused by extensive burns. It can also improve the satisfaction of patients with the treatment outcome, and therefore is worthy of promotion.

Retrospective analysis of 35 burn patients in different stages of pregnancy / 中华烧伤杂志

Objective: To summarize the clinical outcomes of burn patients in different stages of pregnancy and explore a rational therapeutic scheme for burns during pregnancy. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted. From June 2010 to June 2020, 21 patients who met the inclusion criteria were admitted to the Department of Burns of Wuhan Third Hospital and 14 patients who met the inclusion criteria were admitted to the Department of Burns of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University. Based on the pregnancy period when patients suffered burns, the 35 patients were divided into early pregnancy group with 18 patients (aged (26±4) years, with 8 (4, 11) weeks of gestation), middle pregnancy group with 10 patients (aged (26±3) years, with 21 (14, 27) weeks of gestation), and late pregnancy group with 7 patients (aged (30±5) years, with 32 (29, 35) weeks of gestation). All the patients received treatment including fluid resuscitation, anti-infection, wound treatment, and multidisciplinary comprehensive managements. The burn-related complications during the treatment, maternal outcomes, fetal outcomes, fetal delivery mode, gestational weeks at delivery, and newborn weight of patients in the 3 groups were recorded. Data were statistically analyzed with one-way analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Fisher's exact probability test. Results: During the treatment, there were 4, 4, and 2 patients who suffered wound infections and 1, 3, and 2 patients who developed shock symptoms, respectively, in early pregnancy group, middle pregnancy group, and late pregnancy group. There were no statistically significant differences in them among the 3 groups (P>0.05). One patient in late pregnancy group developed into multiple organ dysfunction syndrome after debridement. At last, all the pregnant women survived, and no statistically significant difference existed among the 3 groups (P>0.05). In early pregnancy group, middle pregnancy group, and late pregnancy group, the survived fetus cases were 9, 8, and 6, respectively, and the differences between them were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Variables including stillbirth and full-term birth were close in patients in the 3 groups (P>0.05), while the preterm birth and miscarriage in patients in the 3 groups were statistically different (P<0.05 or P<0.01), with the early pregnancy group having the most miscarriage cases and the fewest preterm birth cases. There were no statistically significant differences in fetal delivery mode, gestational weeks at delivery, and newborn weight among the patients with survived fetus in 3 groups (P>0.05). Conclusions: For patients suffering burns during early, middle, and late pregnancy, superior rates of maternal and fetal survival can be achieved after timely and adequate treatments including fluid resuscitation, anti-infection, wound treatment, and multidisciplinary comprehensive managements.

Clinical effects of free transplantation of expanded ilioinguinal flaps in the reconstruction of severe scar contracture deformity after extensive burns / 中华烧伤杂志

Objective: To investigate the clinical effects of free transplantation of expanded ilioinguinal flaps in the reconstruction of severe scar contracture after extensive burns. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted. From August 2017 to October 2021, 7 patients with severe scar contracture deformity caused by extensive burns were hospitalized in Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University & Wuhan Third Hospital, including 5 males and 2 females, aged 26-65 years, with scar area of 20 cm×4 cm-34 cm×14 cm. In the first stage, the rectangular skin and soft tissue expander (hereinafter referred to as the expander) with rated capacity of 500-600 mL were embedded above the inguinal ligament, and then normal saline was injected after stitch removal for expansion to meet the needs of repair surgery. In the second stage, the scar was removed by surgical excision to correct the deformity and release the adhesion and contracture; after the removal of the expanders, the expanded ilioinguinal free flaps were harvested. When a larger flap was needed, the paraumbilical perforator flap was harvested at the same time, and the flaps were transplanted to the secondary wound after scar resection. The number of embedded expanders, the total amount of injected normal saline, the expansion time, the complications of skin and soft tissue expansion, the number, area, thickness, and anastomotic vascular pedicles of the expanded ilioinguinal flaps being resected, the type of flaps used, the repair method of flap donor sites, and the survival of flaps after operation were observed and recorded. The long-term repair effect and donor site condition were followed up. At the last follow-up, the patients' satisfaction with the curative effect of each surgical site was investigated according to the grade 5 score of Likert scale. Results: A total of 10 expanders were embedded in 7 patients, of which 4 patients had 1 each and 3 patients had 2 each. The total volume of normal saline injected was 800-1 800 (1 342±385) mL, and the expansion time was 4-24 (11±5) months. One patient had the expander exposed due to infection after the expander being inserted, while the other patients had no complications of skin and soft tissue expansion. Totally 10 expanded ilioinguinal flaps with the area of 22 cm×6 cm-36 cm×16 cm ((326±132) cm2) and the thickness of 0.6-1.1 (0.77±0.16) cm were harvested. Among the 10 expanded ilioinguinal flaps, 5 were pedicled with the superficial circumflex iliac artery, 3 with the superficial abdominal artery with relatively large caliber, 1 with the common trunk of the superficial circumflex iliac artery and the superficial abdominal artery, and 1 flap was anastomosed with the superficial circumflex iliac artery and bridged the superficial abdominal artery for intra-arterial supercharge. Unilateral expanded ilioinguinal flap combined with ipsilateral paraumbilical perforator flap were harvested in 4 cases, bilateral expanded ilioinguinal flaps were harvested in 1 case, and unilateral expanded ilioinguinal flap was harvested in 2 cases. Except for 1 case being transplanted with autologous split-thickness scalp to repair the flap donor site after combined resection of bilateral expanded ilioinguinal flaps, the donor sites of the other patients were sutured directly. All the flaps survived after operation without tip necrosis or wound residue. Follow-up for 3-30 (15±10) months showed that the flap was soft and not bloated, the function and appearance of the recipient area were significantly improved compared with those before operation, and the appearance of the donor sites was good. At the last follow-up, the patients' satisfaction with the treatment effect of the surgical site scored 4-5 (4.5±0.4). Conclusions: The expanded ilioinguinal flap can be obtained in a large area. It has the advantages of rich blood supply, less damage to the donor site, concealed location, and being convenient to be resected and transplanted in combination with the paraumbilical perforator flap. It is suitable for the clinical reconstruction and treatment of severe scar contracture deformity after extensive burns.

Diagnosis and treatment of two imported cases with schistosomiasis haematobia in Fujian Province / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To analyze the diagnosis and treatment of two imported cases with schistosomiasis haematobia, so as to provide insights into improving the diagnosis and treatment and avoiding misdiagnosis and mistreatment of imported schistosomiasis haematobia. Methods The medical records and epidemiological data pertaining to the two cases were collected. The stool and urine samples were collected for identification of Schistosoma eggs using the Kato-Katz technique and direct smear method after centrifugal precipitation, and blood samples were collected for detection of anti-Schistosoma antibody. Following definitive diagnosis, the patients were given praziquantel therapy. Results The patient 1, a Malagasy, was infected in Madagascar and returned to China for delivery. The case presented intermittent painless terminal hematuria symptoms, and showed no remarkable improvements following multiple-round treatments in several hospitals. In January 2017, she was found to be positive for anti-Schistosoma antibody, negative for feces test, and positive for S. haematobium eggs in urine test, and miracidia were hatched from eggs. Then, the case was diagnosed as schistosomiasis haematobia. Patient 2 worked in Republic of Malawi for many years, and presented intermittent painless terminal hematuria since October 2018; however, no definite diagnosis or effective treatment was received after admission to multiple hospitals. In March 2019, pathological examinations showed a number of eggs in the interstitium of the bladder mass, accompanied by a large number of eosinophils, which was consistent with schistosomiasis cystitis. In April 2019, he was tested positive for serum anti-Schistosoma antibody, negative for the fecal test, and had S. haematobium eggs in urine samples, with miracidia hatched from eggs. Then, the case was diagnosed as schistosomiasis haematobia. Following treatment with praziquantel at a dose of 60 mg/kg, all symptoms disappeared. Conclusions Overseas imported schistosomiasis haematobia is likely to be misdiagnosed. The training pertaining to schistosomiasis control knowledge requires to be improved among clinical professionals, in order to avoid misdiagnosis and mistreatment.

Expert consensus on the strategy and measures to interrupt the transmission of schistosomiasis in China / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Since 2015 when the transmission of schistosomiasis was controlled in China, the country has been moving towards elimination of schistosomiasis, with the surveillance-response as the main interventions for schistosomiasis control. During the period of the 13th Five-Year Plan, the transmission of schistosomiasis had been interrupted in four provinces of Sichuan, Jiangsu, Yunnan and Hubei and the prevalence of schistosomiasis has been at the historically lowest level in China. As a consequence, the goal set in The 13th Five-Year National Schistosomiasis Control Program in China is almost achieved. However, there are multiple challenges during the stage moving towards elimination of schistosomiasis in China, including the widespread distribution of intermediate host snails and complicated snail habitats, many types of sources of Schistosoma japonicum infections and difficulty in management of bovines and sheep, unmet requirements for the current schistosomiasis control program with the currently available tools, and vulnerable control achievements. During the 14th Five-Year period, it is crucial to consolidate the schistosomiasis control achievements and gradually solve the above difficulties, and critical to provide the basis for achieving the ultimate goal of elimination of schistosomiasis in China. Based on the past experiences from the national schistosomiasis control program and the challenges for schistosomiasis elimination in China, an expert consensus has been reached pertaining to the objectives, control strategy and measures for The 14th Five-Year National Schistosomiasis Control Program in China, so as to provide insights in to the development of The 14th Five-Year National Schistosomiasis Control Program in China.

Epidemiological characteristics of imported malaria cases in Fujian Province from 2014 to 2018 / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of imported malaria cases in Fujian Province from 2014 to 2018, so as to provide scientific basis for the development of the control strategy for imported malaria. Methods The epidemiological data of malaria cases in Fujian Province from 2014 to 2018 were retrieved from the Notifiable Disease Reporting System and Parasitic Disease Information Reporting System of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and the classification, origin of infections, temporal distribution, spatial distribution, population distribution, reporting institutions and diagnosis were analyzed. Results A total of 540 overseas imported malaria cases were reported in Fujian Province from 2014 to 2018, and all cases were laboratory-confirmed, including 398 cases with falciparum malaria, 88 cases with vivax malaria, 38 cases with ovale malaria, 14 cases with malariae malaria and 2 cases with mixed infections. There were 90.56% (489/540) of the imported malaria cases with infections in 27 African countries, 5.92% (32/540) with infections in 5 Asian countries and 3.52% (19/540) with infections in one Oceania country. There was no significant seasonal distribution of the cases, and the imported malaria cases were predominantly detected in Fuzhou City (80.00%, 432/540) and at ages of 20 to 49 years (81.48%, 440/540). Initial diagnosis was predominantly at the city-level medical institutions, and 77.96% (421/540) were diagnosed as malaria at the initial diagnosis institutions. The median duration from onset to initial diagnosis was 2 days and 70.19% (379/540) were diagnosed within 3 days of onset. The interval between initial diagnosis and definitive diagnosis was 0 day, with 85.37% (461/540) definitively diagnosed within 3 days of initial diagnosis. Conclusions Overseas imported malaria is a continuous problem challenging the malaria elimination programme of Fujian Province. Improving the healthcare-seeking awareness and the diagnostic capability of healthcare workers, and intensifying the monitoring and management of malaria among overseas labors are strongly recommended.

Analysis of imported malaria cases in Leshan City from 2012 to 2018 / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of reported malaria cases in Leshan City, so as to provide insights into malaria control. Methods The data pertaining to malaria cases and epidemiological individual information in Leshan City from 2012 to 2018 were captured from the National Notifiable Communicable Disease Reporting System and the Information System for Parasitic Diseases Control and Prevention, and a descriptive epidemiological analysis was performed. Results A total of 34 malaria cases were reported in Leshan City from 2012 to 2018, and all cases were confirmed as imported malaria cases by Sichuan provincial malaria diagnosis reference laboratory. Of all 34 cases, there were 14 vivax malaria cases, 18 falciparum malaria cases, a malariae malaria case and an ovale malaria case. The sites where malaria parasite infections occurred mainly included African areas (accounting for 58.82%) and Southeastern Asian areas (accounting for 29.41%), and the malaria cases were mainly reported in January, February, June and July, which accounted for 65.63% of all cases. The cases included 33 men and a woman, and had ages of 21 to 59 years. The cases’occupations mainly involved overseas peasants, technical workers and businessmen. The duration from onset of malaria to diagnosis ranged from 0 to 31 days, and the percentage of definitive diagnosis was 85.29% at initial diagnosis. Conclusions There are no local malaria cases in Leshan City; however, imported malaria cases are reported. The monitoring, management and health education of overseas returners should be further strengthened and malaria training should be improved to enhance the diagnostic and treatment capability in professionals, so as to consolidate malaria control achievements.

Analysis of imported malaria cases in Leshan City from 2012 to 2018 / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of reported malaria cases in Leshan City, so as to provide insights into malaria control. Methods The data pertaining to malaria cases and epidemiological individual information in Leshan City from 2012 to 2018 were captured from the National Notifiable Communicable Disease Reporting System and the Information System for Parasitic Diseases Control and Prevention, and a descriptive epidemiological analysis was performed. Results A total of 34 malaria cases were reported in Leshan City from 2012 to 2018, and all cases were confirmed as imported malaria cases by Sichuan provincial malaria diagnosis reference laboratory. Of all 34 cases, there were 14 vivax malaria cases, 18 falciparum malaria cases, a malariae malaria case and an ovale malaria case. The sites where malaria parasite infections occurred mainly included African areas (accounting for 58.82%) and Southeastern Asian areas (accounting for 29.41%), and the malaria cases were mainly reported in January, February, June and July, which accounted for 65.63% of all cases. The cases included 33 men and a woman, and had ages of 21 to 59 years. The cases’occupations mainly involved overseas peasants, technical workers and businessmen. The duration from onset of malaria to diagnosis ranged from 0 to 31 days, and the percentage of definitive diagnosis was 85.29% at initial diagnosis. Conclusions There are no local malaria cases in Leshan City; however, imported malaria cases are reported. The monitoring, management and health education of overseas returners should be further strengthened and malaria training should be improved to enhance the diagnostic and treatment capability in professionals, so as to consolidate malaria control achievements.

Application and effects of standard perioperative nursing operation procedure in children with developmental dislocation of the hip / 中华护理杂志

Objective To explore the effects of application of standard operation procedure (SOP) for perioperative nursing in children with developmental dislocation of the hip (DDH).Methods From March to September 2015,a total of 59 children with DDH were provided SOP for perioperative nursing.We retrospectively analyzed 50 cases of children with DDH treated with routine perioperative nursing admitted between June 2014 and December 2014.We compared the completeness of preoperative preparation,the incidence of postoperative complications and the parental satisfaction between two groups.Results Application of SOP for perioperative nursing increased the completeness of preoperative preparation,decreased the incidence of postoperative complications,and the parental satisfaction was greatly improved.Conclusion SOP for perioperative nursing for children with DDH can standardize nurses' working procedure,making nursing practice procedure much more specific,specified and clear,and can better guide clinical practice.

Study on Reproductive Biology of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To study the reproductive biology of Chinese herbal medicine Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua. Methods The flowering habit of P. cyrtonema was observed and recorded regularly. The pollen viability at different flowering periods was detected by TTC. The stigma activity at different flowering periods was measured by the benzidine-hydrogen peroxide method. The hybridization index was estimated and pollen-ovule ratio was calculated. The breeding system of P. cyrtonema was determined by six different artificial pollination treatments. Results The flower buds of P. cyrtonema appeared at April 5. They bloomed at April 10 and fruited early in May, flowering about 30–40 days. The pollen began to have viability since the anthers were not cracked, and loss viability after flowers withered. The pollen viability at the bloom day was about 73.06%±5.19%. The stigmas began to have activity before flowers opening and lost it when the flowers began to decline. The hybridization index was 4, so the breeding system of P. cyrtonema Hua was partly self-compatible and xenogamy needing pollinator according to Dafni's standard.The pollen-ovule ratio was 1799.20±445.54,therefore the breeding system of P.cyrtonema Hua was facultative xenogamy according to Cruden's standard. The results of artificial pollination experiments showed that P. cyrtonema Hua had three breeding methods,including apomixis,selfing and outcrossing.The fruit setting rate of P. cyrtonema Hua was greatly influenced by external conditions such as strong wind and rain.Generally,P.cyrtonema Hua had a low fruit-set percentage because of obvious flower and fruit dropping. The natural fruit setting rate was only 17.46%. Conclusion The coexistence of apomixes, sexual and asexual reproduction in P. cyrtonema are the survival strategy adapting to different habitat types.

Study on Reproductive Biology of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To study the reproductive biology of Chinese herbal medicine Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua. Methods The flowering habit of P. cyrtonema was observed and recorded regularly. The pollen viability at different flowering periods was detected by TTC. The stigma activity at different flowering periods was measured by the benzidine-hydrogen peroxide method. The hybridization index was estimated and pollen-ovule ratio was calculated. The breeding system of P. cyrtonema was determined by six different artificial pollination treatments. Results The flower buds of P. cyrtonema appeared at April 5. They bloomed at April 10 and fruited early in May, flowering about 30–40 days. The pollen began to have viability since the anthers were not cracked, and loss viability after flowers withered. The pollen viability at the bloom day was about 73.06%±5.19%. The stigmas began to have activity before flowers opening and lost it when the flowers began to decline. The hybridization index was 4, so the breeding system of P. cyrtonema Hua was partly self-compatible and xenogamy needing pollinator according to Dafni's standard.The pollen-ovule ratio was 1799.20±445.54,therefore the breeding system of P.cyrtonema Hua was facultative xenogamy according to Cruden's standard. The results of artificial pollination experiments showed that P. cyrtonema Hua had three breeding methods,including apomixis,selfing and outcrossing.The fruit setting rate of P. cyrtonema Hua was greatly influenced by external conditions such as strong wind and rain.Generally,P.cyrtonema Hua had a low fruit-set percentage because of obvious flower and fruit dropping. The natural fruit setting rate was only 17.46%. Conclusion The coexistence of apomixes, sexual and asexual reproduction in P. cyrtonema are the survival strategy adapting to different habitat types.

Application and effects of standard perioperative nursing operation procedure in children with developmental dislocation of the hip / 中华护理杂志

Objective To explore the effects of application of standard operation procedure (SOP) for perioperative nursing in children with developmental dislocation of the hip (DDH).Methods From March to September 2015,a total of 59 children with DDH were provided SOP for perioperative nursing.We retrospectively analyzed 50 cases of children with DDH treated with routine perioperative nursing admitted between June 2014 and December 2014.We compared the completeness of preoperative preparation,the incidence of postoperative complications and the parental satisfaction between two groups.Results Application of SOP for perioperative nursing increased the completeness of preoperative preparation,decreased the incidence of postoperative complications,and the parental satisfaction was greatly improved.Conclusion SOP for perioperative nursing for children with DDH can standardize nurses' working procedure,making nursing practice procedure much more specific,specified and clear,and can better guide clinical practice.

Changes of Regulatory T Cells in the Early Stage of Obesity Mice and Their Modulation on Macrophage Subtypes in Visceral Adipose Tissue / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To investigate the changes of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and whether Tregs can modulate the distribution of macrophage subtypes in visceral adipose tissue in the early stage of obesity.Methods After C57BL/6 mice obesity models were successfully established,metabolic parameters and numbers of Tregs and M1/M2 macrophage were measured at 4,10,and 20 weeks.The changes of metabolic parameters and adipose tissue inflammation in obesity mice after rapamycin intervention were evaluated. Results The early-stage obesity models were successfully established.Compared with normal diet mice,high fat diet mice had significantly higher epididymal adipose tissue mass and serum leptin levels(P<0.05).However,there was no statistical difference in blood glucose and insulin levels between these two groups(All P>0.05). Macrophages infiltration in adipose tissue in high fat diet mice gradually increased with time,coincident with decrease in Treg numbers. Increased numbers of Treg,improved metabolic parameters,and decreased ratio of M1/M2 can be seen after rapamycin intervention in mice.Conclusion The decrease of Tregs in the early stage of obesity may contribute to abnormal distribution of macrophage subtypes in visceral adipose.

Optimization of Spray Drying Process of Powder from the Raw Fruits Extracts of Psidium guajava by Re-sponse Surface Method / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To optimize spray drying process for the raw fruits extract of Psidium guajava. METHODS:Based on single factor,the response surface method was designed to optimize spray drying process condition,using extract rate as index and mass concentration,sampling temperature and sampling speed as factors. The contents and transport rate of total flavones and total polyphenol were determined in each step. RESULTS:The optimal process was as follows as mass concentration of 100 g/L, sampling temperature of 170 ℃,sampling speed of 180 ml/h. Under this condition,the yield of 3 batches of product was(56.08± 0.58)%(RSD=1.04%,n=3). The difference value between test value and predict value was 0.25,without significant difference (P>0.05). The powder of the raw fruits of P. guajava had high contents of total flavones [(17.80 ± 0.09)%] and total polyphenol [(1.23 ± 0.06)%]. The transport rates of them were 87.7% and 25.7%. CONCLUSIONS:Optimized process is feasible to obtain qualified product,and can be used to make medicinal solid preparation.

Experimental Study of Anti-inflammation of Durian Peel Extract / 广州中医药大学学报

Objective To investigate the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanism of durian peel extracts (DPE). Methods The in vivo anti-inflammation effects of DPE were examined by carrageenin-induced mice paw edema test and allergic contact dermatitis test induced by 2, 4-DNFB. And the in vitro anti-inflammation effects of DPE were evaluated with methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium ( MTT) assay in RAW 264.7 cell model of inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Results The results of animal experiments showed that DPE groups could markedly relieve mice paw edema induced by carrageenin ( P<0.01 or P<0.001 compared with blank group). DPE could effectively inhibit the allergic contact dermatitis induced by 2, 4-DNFB in mice, showing good dose-effect relationship. The results of in-vitro test showed that DPE at the given concentrations had no influence on RAW 264.7 cell proliferation. Tumor necrosis factor alpha ( TNF-α) , interleukin 6 ( IL-6) , interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), nitric oxide (NO) and nuclear factor kappaB (NF-кВ ) were observably inhibited, and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was enhanced by 25 and 50 mg/L of DPE. Conclusion DPE exert potential anti-inflammation effect, and the mechanism might be related to its inhibition of NF-кВsignal pathway.

Effect of high-fat or high-glucose diet on obesity and visceral adipose tissue in mice / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of high-fat or high-glucose diet on obesity and visceral adipose tissue in C57BL/6 mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Four-week-old C57BL/6 mice were allocated into normal diet group,high-fat diet group,and high-glucose diet group according to the random number table until 20 weeks old. Body weight,epididymal adipose tissue weight,blood leptin,fat infiltration in liver,M1/M2 macrophage subtypes,and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 mRNA in epididymal adipose tissues were measured.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with normal diet group,body weight,epididymal adipose tissue weight,and leptin concentration in high fat diet group at 20 weeks were significantly increased (P < 0.05),and oil red O staining showed more prominent adipocyte infiltration in liver in high-fat diet group than those in normal diet and high-glucose diet group. However,no apparent differences were seen in high-glucose diet group at 20 weeks in terms of body weight,epididymal adipose tissue weight and leptin concentration. In high-fat diet group,the macrophages infiltration in epididymal adipose tissue increased with time and the percentage of M2 macrophage decreased in high-fat diet group than that in high-glucose diet group(P<0.05). Compared with normal diet group,monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 mRNA expression increased significantly in high-fat diet group(P<0.05). In high-glucose group,however,no significant differences were discerned (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>High-fat diet,rather than 60% high glucose diet,will lead to obesity and macrophage infiltration in adipose tissues.</p>

Outcome of conventional IVF and ICSI on sibling oocytes in moderate oligoasthenozoospermia

Objective: To evaluate the outcomes of patients with moderate oligoasthenozoospermia treated with conventional in vitro fertilization [IVF] and intracytoplasmic sperm injection [ICSI]

Methods: A total of 99 couples with moderate oligoasthenozoospermia undergoing their first IVF/ICSI cycle were included in the study. Sibling oocytes were randomized to be inseminated either by conventional IVF or ICSI. Fertilization rate, cleavage rate, embryo quality, implantation rate, and clinical pregnancy rate were examined

Results: There was no difference in the fertilization rate, cleavage rate, implantation rate, and pregnancy rate between conventional IVF and ICSI [P > 0.05]. The good quality embryo rate was significant difference between after IVF and after ICSI [P < 0.05]

Conclusions: Couples with moderate oligoasthenozoospermia did not influence the major indices of IVF and the uncertainties concerning the safety of ICSI, couples with moderate oligoasthenozoospermia need not be subjected to ICSI

An overview on the establishment of the system of burn prevention and treatment in China by comparing with that of foreign countries / 中华烧伤杂志

The number of burn patients in China is still huge because of the demographic and socio-economical reasons. Distinguished achievements have been made in Chinese burn surgery during decades of development, with a generally acknowledged high survival rate of burn victims. However, there are still many problems, including an emphasis on the treatment rather than on prevention, poor pre-hospital care system, unbalanced development of burn centers, shortage of burn rehabilitation and psycho-social support, shortage of financial support, and underdevelopment of social charity for burn patients. Only if the efforts of the burn centers, government, and the whole society join together can the problems be solved and a good system of burn prevention, clinical care, and rehabilitation be established and perfected. The deficiencies in the development of the system in China and the possible solutions are reviewed and discussed in this paper.

Prognostic analysis of 42 patients with gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical data of 42 patients with gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma admitted in the Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University between May 2006 and July 2011 were analyzed retrospectively. The prognostic factors were determined by Log-rank test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Gastric NEC was found in 42 (0.83%) of 5046 patients with gastric cancer during the same period, including 37 males and 5 females. The average age of the patients was 63 years old at the diagnosis. Forty patients underwent R0 resection and 2 patients R1 resection. Forty patients received routine adjuvant chemotherapy with fluorouracil plus oxaliplatin. The median follow-up duration was 26.0 months (range 4-70 months). The median survival was 25.0 months, and the overall 1-, 3-, 5-year survival rates were 71.4%, 26.2% and 11.9%, respectively. Univariate analysis revealed that maximum tumor diameter, tumor invasion depth, lymph node metastasis, lymphatic invasion, stage, and curability were associated with survival (all P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Gastric NEC is rare. Curative operation is essential for improving the prognosis, while the choice of comprehensive treatment after surgery should be optimized.</p>

Efficacy observation of paralleled clipping of rectal ligament in resection of rectal cancer in obese male patients / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the approach and efficacy of dealing the rectal ligament in resection of rectal cancer in obese male patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 92 patients (BMI>25 kg/m(2)) undergoing resection of rectal cancer from December 2008 to December 2010 in Henan Tumor hospital were assigned into 2 groups according to the surgical technique, the modified group (paralleled clipping of rectal ligament, 48 patients) and traditional group (44 patients). Operative time, intra-operational bleeding, rectal ulceration, ureteral injury, mesorectal integrity, and positive rate of lateral margin of pelvic wall were compared between two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The operative time was (66.9±99.8) min in modified group, which was significantly shorter than that in traditional group [(125.4±12.2) min, P=0.000]. Intra-operative bleeding was (160.3±27.2) ml in modified group and (150.5±28.5) ml in traditional group (P=0.093). Rectal ulceration rated were 0 and 18.2% (8/44), mesorectal disintegrity rates were 6.2% and 22.7%, pelvic infection rates were 2.1% (1/48) and 20.4 (9/44) in modified and traditional groups respectively, whose differences were all significant (all P<0.05). No ureteral injury and positive margin were found in both two groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The approach of paralleled clipping of rectal ligament around the rectum meets the principle of TME, which is simple, safe and effective.</p>