Clinical Study on Yiqi Yangxin Dingzhi Prescription for Anxiety State of Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To observe the effects of Yiqi Yangxin Dingzhi Prescription on anxiety state of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods Randomized, parallel controled, single-blind research plan was used. Totally 80 patients with COPD were randomly divided into observation group and control group, with 40 cases in each group. Both groups received COPD stable maintenance treatment. On this basis, observation group was given Yiqi Yangxin Dingzhi Granules, while control group was given TCM simulator, one dosage per day, twice a day. The treatment lasted for two weeks both groups. TCM symptom scores, COPD assessment test (CAT) scores, and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) scores before and after treatment in the two groups were observed. The safety indexes were monitored. Results Compared with before treatment, the TCM symptom scores, CAT scores, and HAMA scores of the two groups after treatment were significantly lower (P＜0.05). After treatment, the improvement degree of the TCM symptom total scores [(5.04±1.90) vs (2.27±1.83), the improvement degree of the CAT total score [(4.51±1.36) vs (1.81±1.47)], and the improvement degree of the HAMA total score [(5.32±2.78) vs (2.76±1.19)] in the observation group were better than the control group, with statistical significance (P＜0.05). No significant adverse events occurred in both groups. Conclusion Yiqi Yangxin Dingzhi Prescription can effectively improve the clinical symptoms of the patients with COPD and the life quality of the patients, and it has high safety.

Relationship between RAD51-G135C and XRCC3-C241T Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Onset of Acute Myeloid Leukemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relationship between RAD51-G135C and XRCC3-C241T single nucleotide polymorphisms and onset of acute myeloid leukemia (AML).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The study was performed in 2 groups: AML patient group and normal person group as control group. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood cells of 545 AML patients and 1 034 normal persons. Genotypes of RAD51-G135C and XRCC3-C241T were analyzed by TaqMan probe technology and the ralatienship between RAD51-G135C/XRCC3-C241T polymorphisms and onset of acute myeloid leukemia was investigated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the control group, RAD51-G135C homozygous mutant (CC) could significantly increase the risk of AML patients (OR=3.07), and there was no statistical relationship between heterozygous mutant (GC) of RAD51-G135C and onset of AML. There was no statistical relationship between homozygous mutant (TT) of XRCC3-C241T and onset of AML, and the XRCC3-C241T heterozygous mutation type (CT) increased the risk of AML patients (OR=0.66).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>RAD51-G135C homozygous mutant and XRCC3-C241T heterozygous mutation significantly increase the risk of the AML onset, which can provide more predictive value for incidence of AML.</p>

Relationship between diopter and refractive factors of high school students / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AlM: To explore a formula between the diopter , cornea diopter ( CD ) , anteriou chamber depth ( ACD ) , lens thickness ( LENS ) , vitreous depth ( VlTR ) , and ocular axis longitude ( AL ) of high school students in certain middle school, and to predict the diopter with the biometry data of refractive factors on the students. METHODS: The related ocular examinations were performed to 364 eyes of 182 high school students in certain middle school by cluster sampling method. Optometry was for diopter and A-ultrasonic biometry was for ACD, LENS, VlTR, and AL. The data were analyzed with SPSS to sum up a poly-variation liner regression formula that can express their quantitative relationship.RESULTS: A poly-variation liner regression was got. The formula was D=69. 750-0. 724×CD-0. 630×ACD-2. 207× LENS-1. 728×VlTR (r=0. 87).CONCLUSlON: The diopter of high school students seems able to be predicted through biometric data of CD, ACD, LENS and VlTR.

Polymorphisms of FcγRIIA, FcγRIIIA and FcγRIIB in patients with immune thrombocytopenia and their clinical significance / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was aimed to investigate the correlation of FcγR polymorphisms with the susceptibility, severity and efficacy of immunotherapy for patients with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). PCR and DNA sequencing were used to determine the polymorphisms of FcγRIIA, FcγRIIIA and FcγRIIB in 44 ITP patients, and in 97 healthy control subjects. The results indicated that FcγRIIIA-158V/F polymorphisms between patients and controls were statistically significantly different (P = 0.015); among FcγRIIIA genotypes, the frequency of 158V/V homotype was higher in ITP (P = 0.005). However, the FcγRIIA-131H/R or FcγRIIB-232T/I polymorphisms were not significantly different between patients and controls; there were no correlation of FcγRIIA, FcγRIIIA and FcγRIIB genotype frequencies with the platelet counts or the courses of ITP; among the 38 ITP patients who received treatments, the complete response (CR) rate was 42% (16/38), and partial response (PR) rate was 34% (13/38). The therapeutic response was significantly different between FcγRIIIA-158V/V homotype and 158F/V heterotype (P = 0.034). The CR of patients with 158V/V homotype was obviously lower than that of patients with 158F/V, but the frequencies of FcγRIIA and FcγRIIB genotypes not correlated with the responsiveness to treatment. The CR rate of 6 patients treated with rituximab was 67%, and PR rate was 17%. The overall response rate was as high as 84%, the adverse reactions were not observed. It is concluded that the polymorphism of FcγRIIIA-158V/F, but not FcγRIIA-131H/R or FcγRIIB-232T/I, correlates with the patient susceptibility and therapeutic response of ITP.

Research advances on correlation of ARID5B gene with childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia - review / 中国实验血液学杂志

Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (C-ALL) is the most common pediatric cancer. Although its etiology remains poorly understood, the hypothesis of ALL correlated with a genetic basis was examined through association studies based on candidate genes. Recently, two independent large-scale genome-wide association studies reported that the five single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs7073837; rs10821936; rs10994982; rs7089424; rs10740055) in the gene AT rich interactive domain 5B (ARID5B) at 10q21.2, were associated with the high incidence risk of C-ALL, especially with hyperdiploid lymphoblastic leukemia. Variations in these single nucleotide polymorphisms influence the risk of specific disease subtypes, and also possess race- and sex-differences in leukemia incidence. Further elucidation of the mechanisms through which ARID5B variants are involved in C-ALL not only has a great diagnostic value, but also a guidance for the clinical therapy, ultimately improving the prognosis of disease. Therefore, the related studies of ARID5B with C-ALL were summarized briefly in this review.

Role of CD44(+)/ESA(+) in sorting colonic cancer stem cells / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To isolate CD133(+)/CD44(+)/ESA(+) subsets cells from SW480 colon cancer cells, and to observe the tumor formation.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>CD133(+)/CD44(+)/ESA(+) subsets cells, CD133(-)/CD44(+)/ESA(+) subsets cells and CD133(-)/CD44(-)/ESA(-) subsets cell were sorted by flow cytometry from SW480 colon cancer cells, then three subsets were separately inoculated in five NOD/SCID mice and the growth rates were calculated.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The proportion of CD133(-)/CD44(-)/ESA(-), CD133(-)/CD44(+)/ESA(+) and CD133(+)/CD44(+)/ESA(+) subsets cells in SW480 cells were (86.38±10.23)%,(1.26±0.28)% and(0.38±0.07)%. After inoculation, tumor nodules could be formed three days later in CD133(+)/CD44(+)/ESA(+) group, and they could be formed 9 days later in CD133(-)/CD44(+)/ESA(+) group, while they could be formed 15 days later in CD133(-)/CD44(-)/ESA(-) group. Eighteen days later, tumor sizes in three groups were(13.82±5.04) mm(3), (9.25±4.57) mm(3) and (4.76±3.92) mm(3) respectively, and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>ESA(+)-CD44(+) is one of the surface markers for colonic cancer stem cells, and CD133(+)-CD44(+)-ESA(+) cells are SW480-like cancer stem cells.</p>

Association between four adipokines and insulin sensitivity in patients with obesity, type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus, and in the general Chinese population / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp is the gold standard to evaluate the insulin sensitivity, but it is too complicated and expensive to use in clinic. We tried to find an alternative indicator to reflect insulin sensitivity. To evaluate the association between the four adipokines, adiponectin, leptin, resistin and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) with insulin sensitivity, we used a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp to test insulin sensitivity in Chinese patients with obesity and type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus versus controls.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In this parallel control study, we tested insulin sensitivity using a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp in different groups, then examined levels of adiponectin, leptin, resistin and TNF-alpha in serum, and the relationship between the different adipokines and glucose disposal rate (M value), as well as insulin sensitivity index (M value/insulin, M/I), which are the "gold standard" indices of insulin sensitivity.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were significant differences in mean leptin values in the four adipokines from the four different groups (P < 0.001; comparison of the variation between different groups was analyzed by variance analysis). Compared to controls (using multiple comparison two-way Dunnett t test), only the leptin level showed significant differences in the four adipokines from the four different groups at the same time (P < 0.001). The association analysis between the different adipokines and M or M/I values also showed that only leptin negatively correlated with M (r = -0.64, P < 0.001) or M/I values (r = -0.56, P < 0.001); there was no relationship between the other three adipokines and M or M/I values.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Only leptin was associated with M or M/I values. Therefore, leptin might be one of the predictive factors of the degree of insulin resistance and risk of the accompanying disease.</p>

Effects of glucagon on islet beta cell function in patients with diabetes mellitus / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate islet beta cell response to intravenous glucagon (a non-glucose secretagogue) stimulation in diabetes mellitus.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Nineteen patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and 131 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) were recruited in this study. T2D patients were divided into two groups according to therapy: 36 cases treated with insulin and 95 cases treated with diet or oral therapy. The serum C-peptide levels were determined at fasting and six minutes after intravenous injection of 1 mg of glucagon.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Both fasting and 6-minute post-glucagon-stimulated C-peptide levels in T1D patients were significantly lower than those of T2D patients (0.76 +/- 0.36 ng/mL vs. 1.81 +/- 0.78 ng/mL, P < 0.05; 0.88 +/- 0.42 ng/mL vs. 3.68 +/- 0.98 ng/mL, P < 0.05). In T1D patients, the C-peptide level after injection of glucagon was similar to the fasting level. In T2D, patients treated with diet or oral drug had a significantly greater fasting and stimulated C-peptide level than those patients received insulin therapy (2.45 +/- 0.93 ng/mL vs. 1.61 +/- 0.68 ng/mL, P < 0.05; 5.26 +/- 1.24 ng/mL vs. 2.15 +/- 0.76 ng/mL, P < 0.05). The serum C-peptide level after glucagon stimulation was positively correlated with C-peptide levels at fasting in all three groups (r = 0.76, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The 6-minute glucagon test is valuable in assessing the function of islet beta cell in patients with diabetes mellitus. It is helpful for diagnosis and treatment of diabetes mellitus.</p>

Influence of short-term high-fat diet on glucose and lipid metabolism in male Han Chinese with type 2 diabetes mellitus / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the influence of short-term high-fat diet (HFD) on glucose and lipid metabolism in male Han Chinese with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Middle-aged T2DM men supported with solely diet or diet and metformin were enrolled into the study. The design was an unblinded crossover design. Each of the subjects randomly received one from two types of isocalorie (8786.4 kJ/d) standard diet for three consecutive days on two occasions, with a 6-week wash-out period in between. The component ratios of fat, carbohydrate, and protein were 50%, 35%, and 15% vs. 25%, 60%, and 15% in patients administered with HFD or high carbohydrate diet (HCD). The 24-hour blood samples during the third day were collected. On the morning of the forth day an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) was conducted with 25g of glucose.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>According to the determination results of 24-hour profile samples, HFD resulted in a markedly increased circulating level of non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) as compared to HCD (P < 0.001). Nearly significant higher (P = 0.056) FPG was observed 72 hours after the administration of HFD. Circulating insulin levels were comparable between the two diets. A significantly higher HDL-C was also observed after HFD administration (P < 0.05). As assessed by the IVGTT, acute insulin response of glucose (AIRg) tended to increase after the HFD administration (P = 0.06). Fasting plasma glucagons (GLG) level and AUC(Glucagon) during breakfast period (8:00-12:00) were significantly higher after HFD administration than that of after HCD administration.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Short-term HFD induced the increase of NEFA with lower glucose exposure to the patietns. Fasting plasma glucose increased at the fourth day without remarkable changes of insulin levels which may be due to the increase of hepatic glucose output after HFD administration. The short-term HFD in our study induced early stage of insulin resistance. GLG seemed to play a role in this procedure. beta-cell dysfunction may need a longer high NEFA exposure.</p>

Association between A1168C polymorphism in PAX4 gene and type 1 diabetes in Han Chinese / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore whether A1168C polymorphisms in paired box gene 4 (PAX4) are associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in Chinese Han population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used to genotype A1168C polymorphisms in PAX4 gene. Totally 109 patients with T1DM and 251 control subjects were recruited. The frequency distributions of genotypes between two groups were analyzed by SPSS software.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The genotype distributions were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium both among T1DM cases and control subjects. No difference was observed in the genotype frequencies and allele frequencies between T1DM cases and control subjects (P > 0.05), nor was any disease association detected when patients were stratified according to age at diagnosis or sex (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The A1168C single nucleotide polymorphism in PAX4 gene may not play an essential role in genetic T1DM susceptibility in Chinese Han population.</p>

Relationship between hemoglobin A1c and blood glucose throughout the day in well-glycemic-controlled medical nutrition therapy alone type 2 diabetic patients / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relationship between glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and blood glucose levels of eight different points throughout the day in well-glycemic-controlled medical nutrition therapy (MNT) alone type 2 diabetic patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Data were collected as' capillary blood glucose value of eight different sample points among sixteen observing days in thirty MNT alone type 2 diabetic patients. The correlation between HbA1c and capillary blood glucose value was evaluated by Pearson's correlation method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The r-values between HbA1c and capillary blood glucose of 3:00, 6:00, and bedtime (22:00-23:00) were 0.81, 0.79, and 0.78, respectively (P < 0.001). The best correlation was found between the mean value of 8-point blood glucose value throughout the day and HbA1c (r = 0.84, P < 0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Fasting blood glucose and postabsorptive blood glucose have better correlations with HbA1c compared with other points in this group of well-glycemic-controlled MNT alone type 2 diabetic patients.</p>

Effects of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms on susceptibility to type 1 diabetes mellitus / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the influence of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms on susceptibility to type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in the Chinese Han population.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>One hundred and thirty-six Chinese Han people, including 54 T1DM patients and 82 unrelated healthy subjects as control were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism for three restriction sites in the VDR gene, which were ApaI, TaqI, and BamI.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The frequency of B allele of BsmI site in VDR gene was significantly higher in T1DM patients than in healthy subjects (P = 0.033) while no difference was found between the two groups in the distribution of ApaI and TaqI polymorphisms.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The BsmI polymorphism of VDR gene may be associated with the susceptibility to T1DM in the Chinese Han population of Beijing.</p>