Treatmen of distal femoral fracture of Müller type A with homeopathic bidirectional-traction reduction device unite with internal fixation / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect of treatment of Müller A fracture of distal femur with small incision internal fixation assisted by homeopathic bidirectional-traction reduction device.@*METHODS@#From January 2018 to December 2019, 22 patients (14 males and 8 females) with Müller type A distal femoral fractures were treated with homeopathic bidirectional-traction assisted reduction and minimally invasive small incision locking plate internal fixation;The age ranged from 29 to 58 years old with an average of (41.23±7.03) years. The time from injury to operation was 1 to 7 days with an average of (3.41±1.71) days. According to Müller classification, there were 4 cases of type A1, 10 cases of type A2, and 8 cases of type A3. The postoperative knee joint function was evaluated by Schatzker Lambert fracture criterion of distal femur.@*RESULTS@#All the incisions healed in one stage without infection, osteomyelitis and other complications. All the fractures healed without malunion and nonunion. All of 22 patients were followed up for 12 to 18 months with an average of (14.50±2.02) months. The healing time was 3 to 6 months with an average of (4.64±1.14) months. According to Schatzker Lambert criteria for distal femoral fracture, 12 cases were excellent, 6 good, and 4 medium.@*CONCLUSION@#It is an ideal method to treat Müller type A fracture of distal femur with homeopathic bidirectional-traction assisted reduction device and minimally invasive small incision locking plate internal fixation.

Establishment of calcium-activated chloride channel -based second messenger Ca / 解剖学报

Objective To establish a cell model based on calcium-activated chloride channel (CaCC) that could sensitively detect the second messenger Ca

Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in advanced ovarian cancer / 부인종양

No abstract available.

Clinical analysis of repairing the defect of hand with reverse island skin flap of upper carpal cutaneous branches of ulnar artery / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical effect of repairing soft tissue defect after hand wound using reverse island skin flap of upper carpal cutaneous branches of ulnar artery.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From June 2010 to November 2016, 12 patients with hand soft tissue defects were repaired by reverse island skin flap of upper carpal cutaneous branches of ulnar artery, including 9 males and 3 females with an average age of (35.2±9.4) years old ranging from 22 to 58 years. The defect area varied from 7.0 cm×3.0 cm to 12.0 cm×7.0 cm. Time interval from injury to operation ranged from 3 to 15 days with an average of (8.4±2.6) days. The flap was designed beforehand according to the size of the defect, sharply dissected the aponeurotic fascia from the proximal to the distal, abscised the communicating branch between the flap and the ulnar artery at the wrist epithelial branch, repairing the defect of flap with method of metastasis retrograde. The sensation, shape of the flap and hand function were observed, and the upper extremity function was evaluated according to the standard of hand surgery branch from Chinese Medical Association to assessment of functional recovery.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The flaps in 10 patients obtained primary healing, the healed time was 14 to 18 days with an average of(15.0±1.5) days. Two patients occurred distal flap necrosis, and wound surface healed after change dressing and skingrafting cover. All patients were followed up from 3 to 15 months with an average of(7.0±3.8) months. According to the upper extremity functional evaluation standard by hand surgery branch of Chinese Medical Association, 2 cases got excellent results, 7 good, 2 fair and 1 poor.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Reverse island skin flap of upper carpal cutaneous branches of ulnar artery for the treatment of soft tissue defect caused by hand wound has advantages of concealed donor area, no need sacrifice the main blood vessel, flap thin and no need repair it for thick and thin.</p>

A Pilot Study of Quantitative Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification-guided Target Therapies for Hospital-acquired Pneumonia / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>It is important to achieve the definitive pathogen identification in hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP), but the traditional culture results always delay the target antibiotic therapy. We assessed the method called quantitative loop-mediated isothermal amplification (qLAMP) as a new implement for steering of the antibiotic decision-making in HAP.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally, 76 respiratory tract aspiration samples were prospectively collected from 60 HAP patients. DNA was isolated from these samples. Specific DNA fragments for identifying 11 pneumonia-related bacteria were amplified by qLAMP assay. Culture results of these patients were compared with the qLAMP results. Clinical data and treatment strategies were analyzed to evaluate the effects of qLAMP results on clinical data. McNemar test and Fisher's exact test were used for statistical analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The detection of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Streptococcus pneumonia, and Acinetobacter baumannii by qLAMP was consistent with sputum culture (P > 0.05). The qLAMP results of 4 samples for Haemophilus influenzae, Legionella pneumophila, or Mycoplasma pneumonia (MP) were inconsistent with culture results; however, clinical data revealed that the qLAMP results were all reliable except 1 MP positive sample due to the lack of specific species identified in the final diagnosis. The improvement of clinical condition was more significant (P < 0.001) in patients with pathogen target-driven therapy based on qLAMP results than those with empirical therapy.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>qLAMP is a more promising method for detection of pathogens in an early, rapid, sensitive, and specific manner than culture.</p>

The effects of trichloroethylene on cardiac differentiation in human embryonic stem cells and its mechanisms / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effects of trichloroethylene (TCE) on cardiac developmental differentiation in human embryonic stem cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In this study, based on the human embryonic stem cells in vitro cardiac differentiation assay, we investigated the potential effect of TCE exposure on the cardiac toxicity in embryo development. Human embryonic stem cells were treated with TCE at different concentrations of 100 ppb, 1 ppm, and 10 ppm and dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO) treated as control. The MTT assay was performed to examine the cytoplasmic toxicity of TCE exposure. The beating percentages were recorded and the expression of cardiac specific gene was evaluated by PCR or flow cytometry. Also, real time PCR was performed to verify the micro array analysis on the expression level changes of genes which were involved in the Ca2+ signal pathways.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the control group, there was no significant difference in cell viability when cells were treated with TCE at the concentrations of 100 ppb, 1 ppm, and 10 ppm. However, TCE could inhibit the expression of cTnT protein in a concentration-dependant manner. And the most interestingly, TCE significantly inhibited the cardiac differentiation characterized by the decrease beating percentages. Genes involved in Ca2+ signaling pathway were severely disrupted by TCE.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TCE inhibited the cardiac specific differentiation of human embryonic stem cell and at the meanwhile the genes responsible for Ca2+ signaling pathway were severely disrupted, which could contribute the severe effects of TCE cardiotoxicity.</p>

Recent progress of the mechanisms for RNA viruses to block the recognition of dsRNA with RIG-I-like receptors / 病毒学报

RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) belong to pattern recognition receptors, which perform significant roles in antiviral responses. RLRs can initiate a cascade of signaling transduction that induces the production of type I interferon and activates the interferon signaling pathway, ultimately resulting in antiviral responses. In the course of evolution, viruses have been constantly counteracting host immune systems to facilitate their own survival and replication, and have developed a set of antagonistic strategies. These mainly comprise elusion, disguise and attack strategies to eliminate the activation of RLRs. In virus-infected cells, RLRs recognize viral RNA and then induce antiviral responses. A better understanding of viral antagonistic strategies against RLRs will provide insights into the development of new antiviral medicines. This mini-review concludes that there are three main antagonistic strategies by which RNA viruses can counteract the activation of the RLRs pathway. It aims to provide references and insights for similar studies on viral antagonism in an array of RNA viruses.

Long-term outcomes of endoscopic argon plasma coagulation (APC) therapy for early esophageal cancer and precancerous lesions / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the long-term outcomes of endoscopic argon plasma coagulation (APC) therapy for early esophageal cancer and precancerous lesions.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One-hundred and seventy-one cases with early esophageal cancer (intramucosal carcinoma) and precancerous lesions were treated by APC from 1994 to 2005, and all the cases were followed up. One-hundred and sixty-eight (98.2%) cases were follow-up by endoscopic examination for several times. On average, each patient was endoscopically examined 2.8 times. The follow-up rate was 100%.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The precancerous lesion group had 160 patients. They were followed up for 5 years. 11 patients died of causes unrelated to cancer. The lesions developed into esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in five patients ( 2 died and 3 underwent esophagectomy). The remaining 144 cases survived without cancer. In this group, the esophageal cancer incidence rate is only 3.1% (5/160). The early cancer (i.e. intramucosal cancer) group had 11 patients. During the 5-year follow-up period, two patients died of causes unrelated to cancer,six patients had recurrence (4 patients died and 2 patients underwent esophagectomy), and only 3 patients survived without cancer. Therefore, the 5-year survival rate was only 27.3% (3/11).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The APC therapy for precancerous lesions of the esophagus is effective and successful. Indications should be carefully considered when treating early esophageal cancer such as intramucosal carcinoma by APC therapy.</p>

Involvement of cross interaction between central cholinergic and histaminergic systems in the nucleus tractus solitarius in regulating carotid sinus baroreceptor reflex / 生理学报

The carotid sinus baroreceptor reflex (CSR) is an important approach for regulating arterial blood pressure homeostasis instantaneously and physiologically. Activation of the central histaminergic or cholinergic systems results in CSR functional inhibitory resetting. However, it is unclear whether two systems at the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) level display cross interaction to regulate the CSR or not. In the present study, the left or right carotid sinus region was isolated from the systemic circulation in Sprague-Dawley rats (sinus nerve was reserved) anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium. Respective intubation was conducted into one side isolated carotid sinus and into the femoral artery for recording the intracarotid sinus pressure (ISP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) simultaneously with pressure transducers connection in vivo. ISP was set at the level of 0 mmHg to eliminate the effect of initial internal pressure of the carotid sinus on the CSR function. To trigger CSR, the ISP was quickly elevated from 0 mmHg to 280 mmHg in a stepwise manner (40 mmHg) which was added at every step for over 4 s, and then ISP returned to 0 mmHg in similar steps. The original data of ISP and corresponding MAP were fitted to a modified logistic equation with five parameters to obtain the ISP-MAP, ISP-Gain relationship curves and the CSR characteristic parameters, which were statistically compared and analyzed separately. Under the precondition of no influence on the basic levels of the artery blood pressure, the effects and potential regulatory mechanism of preceding microinjection with different cholinoceptor antagonists, the selective cholinergic M1 receptor antagonist, i.e., pirenzepine (PRZ), the M2 receptor antagonist, i.e., methoctramine (MTR) or the N1 receptor antagonist, i.e., hexamethonium (HEX) into the NTS on the changes in function of CSR induced by intracerebroventricular injection (i.c.v.) of histamine (HA) in rats were observed. Meanwhile, the actions and possible modulatory mechanism of preceding microinjection with different histaminergic receptor antagonists, the selective histaminergic H1 receptor antagonist, i.e., chlorpheniramine (CHL) or the H2 receptor antagonist, i.e., cimetidine (CIM) into the NTS on the changes in function of CSR resulted from the i.c.v. cholinesterase inhibitor, physostigmine (PHY) were also examined in order to confirm and to analyze effects of cross interaction between central histaminergic and cholinergic systems on CSR. The main results obtained are as follows. (1) Standalone microinjection of different selective cholinergic receptor antagonists (PRZ, MTR or HEX) or different selective histaminergic receptor antagonists (CHL or CIM) into the NTS with each given dose had no effects on the CSR function and on the basic levels of the artery blood pressure, respectively (P > 0.05). (2) The pretreatment of PRZ or MTR into the NTS with each corresponding dose could attenuate CSR resetting resulted from i.c.v. HA in some degrees, which remarkably moved the posterior half range of ISP-MAP relationship curve downwards (P < 0.05), shifted the middle part of ISP-Gain relationship curve upwards (P < 0.05), and increased reflex parameters such as the MAP range and maximum gain (P < 0.05), but decreased parameters such as saturation pressure and intracarotid sinus pressure at maximum gain (P < 0.05). The catabatic effects of pretreatment with MTR into the NTS on CSR resetting induced by i.c.v. HA were more obvious than those with PRZ (P < 0.05), but pretreatment of HEX with given dose into the NTS had no effects on CSR resetting induced by i.c.v. HA (P > 0.05). (3) The effects of pretreatment of CHL or CIM into the NTS with each corresponding dose on CSR resetting made by i.c.v. PHY were similar to those of pretreatment of PRZ or MTR into the NTS on CSR resetting resulted from i.c.v. HA, and the decreasing effects of pretreatment with CHL into the NTS on CSR resetting induced by i.c.v. PHY were more remarkable than those with CIM (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that CSR resetting resulted from either HA or PHY into the lateral ventricle may partly involve the descending histaminergic or cholinergic pathway from the hypothalamus to NTS, which might evoke a cross activation of the cholinergic system in the NTS, via cholinergic M1 and M2 receptors mediation, especially the M2 receptors showing actions, or trigger another cross activation of the histaminergic system in the NTS, by histaminergic H1 and H2 receptors mediation, especially the H1 receptors displaying effects.

In vitro study of Nucleostemin gene as a potential therapeutic target for human lung carcinoma / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Nucleostemin (NS) is a GTP-conjugated protein located in the nucleoli of stem cells and some cancer cells, and maintains cell self-renewal. We aimed to evaluate NS as a potential target for lung carcinoma gene therapy by investigating NS gene expression and its effect on A549 cell proliferation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>NS mRNA and protein expression in A549, HepG2, SMMC-7721, HeLa, and U251 cells was analyzed by RT-PCR and western blotting following transfection of NS siRNAs and negative control siRNA (NC). The effect on cell proliferation was also analyzed by MTT assays.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>NS mRNA and protein were both expressed in A549 cells and four other tumor cell lines; the relative expression levels were similar in all five cell lines. The three pairs of NS siRNA, either transfected alone or cotransfected into A549 cells, could effectively inhibit the expression of NS mRNA and protein. Moreover, the interference ratio showed an obvious concentration-dependent relationship. NS siRNA treatment resulted in significant inhibition of A549 cell proliferation by 35.7%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>NS gene was not only highly expressed but also played an important role in A549 cell proliferation. Thus, targeting of NS may be a promising novel strategy for the treatment of lung carcinoma.</p>

A prospective study of the origin of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in the esophageal mucosa:result from a high risk area of esophageal cancer in China during a 15-year follow up (1987 - 2002) / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The aim of this study was to observe the association between the occurrence of esophageal cancer lesions and esophageal mucosa fold (white ridges), and further identify where is the initial origin of esophageal cancer lesions in the esophagus mucosa.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This was a cohort study which recruited 551 subjects underwent endoscopic examination in a high risk area of esophageal cancer in Linxian, Henan Province in 1987. 339 subjects with esophageal white ridges, and with red area or erosion lesion at the surface of the white ridges, was studied as exposure group. Other 212 subjects whose esophagus had no white ridges and pathological diagnosis was negative, was studied as control group. The endpoint was occurrence of pathologically confirmed esophageal cancer. After a 15-year follow-up, the results were compared between two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the 551 subjects, there were 339 cases with esophageal mucosal white ridges in the exposure group. During the period of 15 year follow-up, the incidence of esophageal cancer was 11.8% (9/76) in 76 case with simple mucosal white ridges, 33.5% (88/263) in 263 subjects with white ridges and red area, or erosions on the surface of white ridge. While only 8.0% of subjects (17/212) developed esophageal cancer after the 15-year follow up in the control group. There was a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Esophageal mucosal white ridge, especially white ridge with red area or erosions is closely associated with subsequent esophageal cancer occurrence in the esophageal cancer high risk area in China. It is suggested that esophageal mucosa with white ridge may be the initial origin of esophageal cancer. Further investigations focused on this spot are required.</p>

Natural progression of early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The survival time of untreated advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is about 8 - 9 months. The objective of this study was to observe the natural progression of untreated early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma for 20 years.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>4800 subjects from a high risk area of esophageal cancer in Lin-zhou city, Henan province, were examined by endoscopy from 1985 to 1990. Among them, 132 cases were diagnosed as early esophageal cancer. Based on the criteria, the lesions were endoscopically diagnosed as superficial mucosal lesions and histopathologically confirmed by biopsy as carcinoma in situ, intramucosal carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma. 48 of the 132 patients, who refused treatment, were followed up to the end of 2005. There were 43 death and 5 alive. 40 patients were re-examined for 1 - 4 times by endoscopy during the following up.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 48 patients have been followed up for 20 years. 38 (79.2%) cases died of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, 5 (10.4%) died of non-cancer diseases and 5 (10.4%) were surviving. 37 patients had survived for over 5 years. The 5-, 10-, 15- and 20-years survival rates were 77.1%, 39.6%, 25.0% and 10.4%, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The natural history of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma takes a long time to progress from early to advanced stage. It is very helpful for early diagnosis and selection of opportunity for treatment. The leading time bias by natural history of this disease should be considered when evaluate therapeutic effect on early stage esophageal cancer.</p>

Diagnosis and long-term results of surgical resection of early cardiac adenocarcinoma / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To summarize therapeutic experience and the long-term results of early cardiac adenocarcinoma with surgical resection.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ninety cases were diagnosed with early cardiac adenocarcinoma during endoscopic screening in high incidence rate area of esophageal cancer from 1972 to 1997. All of the patients accepted surgical treatment. Cardiectomy included partial stomach and esophagus was performed through left thoracotomy in all patients. Esophagogastrostomy was carried out in the infra-aortic region and thoracoabdominal lymphatic dissection was performed in all cases.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The resection rate was 100%. One patient died in one month after the operation. Postoperative complications occurred in 4 cases (4.4%). Pathological examination of cancer specimens showed that 46 cases (51.1%) were intramucosal carcinoma without lymphatic metastasis and 44 cases (48.9%) were submucous infiltrating carcinoma with lymphatic metastasis in 5 (11.4%). The patients were followed-up to 2002, and the overall 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 year survival rates were 91.9%, 83.6%, 69.6%, 49.8% and 16.6%, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Early diagnosis and early treatment may be the best approach for promoting the survival of the cardiac cancer. Surgical resection of early cardiac carcinoma provides excellent long-term survival.</p>

Roles of the histaminergic receptors in the locus ceruleus in stress-induced carotid baroreflex resetting in rats / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>AIM</b>To explore the roles of H1 and H2 receptors in the locus ceruleus (LC) in the carotid baroreflex (CBR) resetting resulted from foot-shock stress.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Male SD rats were divided into two groups (n=18) at random: unstressed and stressed group. The latter were subjected to unavoidable electric foot-shock twice daily for a week and each session of foot-shock lasted 2 hours. The left and right carotid sinus regions were isolated from the systemic circulation in all animals anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium. The intracarotid sinus pressure (ISP) was altered in a stepwise manner in vivo. ISP-mean arterial pressure (MAP), ISP-Gain relationship curves and reflex characteristic parameters were constructed by fitting to the logistic function with five parameters. The changes in CBR performance induced by stress and the effects of microinjection with histaminergic receptors antagonists into the LC on the responses of CBR to stress were examined.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Stress significantly shifted the ISP-MAP relationship curve upwards (P < 0.05) and obviously moved the middle part of ISP-Gain relationship curve downwards (P < 0.05), and decreased the value of the MAP range and maximum gain (P < 0.05), but increased the threshold pressure, saturation pressure, set point and ISP at maximum gain (P < 0.05). Microinjection of selective H1 or H2 receptor antagonist, chlorpheniramine (CHL, 0.5 microg/microl) or cimetidine (CIM, 1.5 microg/microl) into the LC, significantly attenuated the above-mentioned changes in CBR performance induced by stress and the alleviate effect of CIM was less remarkable than that of CHL (P < 0.05). The responses of CBR under stress to H1 or H2 receptor antagonist generally occurred 20 min after the administration and lasted approximately for 16 min. Microinjection with the same dose of CHL or CIM into the LC in the unstressed group did not change CBR performance significantly (P > 0.05). However, microinjection of CHL or CIM into the LC could not completely abolish the stress-induced changes in CBR.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The stress results in a resetting of CBR and a decrease in reflex sensitivity. The stress-induced changes in CBR may be mediated, at least in part, by activating the brain histaminergic system. The H1 and H2 receptors in the LC, especially, Hi receptors may play an important role in the resetting of CBR under stress. The descending histaminergic pathway from the hypothalamus to LC may be involved in these effects. Moreover, the effects of stress on CBR also have other mechanisms.</p>

A receptors in the NTS modulate depression of carotid baroreflex induced by intracerebroventricular injection of histamine in rats / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>AIM</b>To investigate the roles of alpha1 and alpha2 receptors in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) in the carotid baroreflex (CBR) resetting induced by the intracerebroventricular injection (ICV) of histamine (HA).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The left and right carotid sinus regions were isolated from the systemic circulation in 25 Sprague-Dawley rats anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium. The intracarotid sinus pressure (ISP) was altered in a stepwise manner. ISP-mean arterial pressure (MAP) relationship curve and its characteristic parameters were constructed by fitting to the logistic function with five parameters. The changes in CBR performance induced by ICV HA and the effects of pretreatment with alpha1 or alpha2 receptor antagonist into the NTS on the responses of CBR to HA were examined.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>ICV HA (60 micromol x L(-1) in 5 microl) significantly shifted the ISP-MAP relationship curve upwards (P < 0.05) and moved the middle part of ISP-Gain relationship curve downwards (P < 0.05), and reduced the MAP range and maximum gain (P < 0.05). The pretreatment with phenoxybenzamine (PBZ, a selective antagonist of alpha1 receptor, 3 micromol x L(-1) in 500 nl) or yohimbine (YOH, a selective antagonist of alpha2 receptor, 2.5 micromol x L(-1) in 500 nl) into the NTS could obviously intensify the above-mentioned changes in CBR performance induced by HA, but the intensive effect of PBZ was less remarkable than that of YOH (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The intracerebroventricular administration of HA results in a rapid resetting of CBR and a decrease in reflex sensitivity, and the functions of alpha1 and alpha2 receptors in the NTS might weaken CBR resetting induced by ICV HA. Furthermore, alpha2 receptor in the NTS might play an more important role in modulating the responses of CHR to HA.</p>

Circadian rhythms and different photoresponses of Clock gene transcription in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus and pineal gland / 生理学报

The aim of this study was to observe and compare the endogenous circadian rhythm and photoresponse of Clock gene transcription in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and pineal gland (PG) of rats. With free access to food and water in special darkrooms, Sprague-Dawley rats were housed under the light regime of constant darkness (DD) for 8 weeks (n=36) or 12 hour-light: 12 hour-dark cycle (LD) for 4 weeks (n=36), respectively. Then, their SCN and PG were dissected out every 4 h in a circadian day, 6 rats at each time (n=6). All animal treatments and sampling during the dark phases were conducted under red dim light (<0.1 lux). The total RNA was extracted from each sample and the semi-quantitative RT-PCR was used to determine the temporal mRNA changes of Clock gene in the SCN and PG at different circadian times (CT) or zeitgeber times (ZT). The grayness ratio of Clock/H3.3 bands was served as the relative estimation of Clock gene expression. The experimental data were analyzed by the Cosine method and the Clock Lab software to fit original results measured at 6 time points and to simulate a circadian rhythmic curve which was then examined for statistical difference by the amplitude F test. The main results are as follows: (1) The mRNA levels of Clock gene in the SCN under DD regime displayed the circadian oscillation (P<0.05). The endogenous rhythmic profiles of Clock gene transcription in the PG were similar to those in the SCN (P>0.05) throughout the day with the peak at the subjective night (CT15 in the SCN or CT18 in the PG) and the trough during the subjective day (CT3 in the SCN or CT6 in the PG). (2) Clock gene transcription in the SCN under LD cycle also showed the circadian oscillation (P<0.05), and the rhythmic profile was anti-phasic to that under DD condition (P<0.05). The amplitude and the mRNA level at the peak of Clock gene transcription in the SCN under LD were significantly increased compared with that under DD (P<0.05), while the value of corresponding rhythmic parameters in the PG under LD were remarkably decreased (P<0.05). (3) Under LD cycle, the circadian profiles of Clock gene transcription induced by light in the PG were quite different from those in the SCN (P<0.05). Their Clock transcription rhythms were anti-phasic, i.e., showing peaks at the light phase ZT10 in the SCN or at the dark time ZT17 in the PG and troughs during the dark time ZT22 in the SCN or during the light phase ZT5 in the PG. The findings of the present study indicate a synchronous endogenous nature of the Clock gene circadian transcriptions in the SCN and PG, and different roles of light regime in modulating the circadian transcriptions of Clock gene in these two central nuclei.

Comparison on resistance of bacteriophages to sodium dichloroisocyanurate in laboratory / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To scan the most resistable bacteriophage as an indicator in disinfection tests, and to study the resistance of bacteriophage T4, Phichi 174D, and f2 to the sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) in laboratory.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The virucidal activity of NaDCC against bacteriophage T4, Phichi 174D, and f2 were assessed by suspension test. The neutralizer was selected and be appraised by test of neutralizer. Bacteriophage T4, Phichi 174D, and f2 were detected and enumerated by the double-agar-layer plaque technique.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) With 150 mg/L of available chlorine of NaDCC solution, within a contact time of 40 minutes, or 300 mg/L, 5 minutes, the reductions of bacteriophage T4 achieved the "disinfection" level [log(10) inactivation value or log(10) reduction value of bacteriophage T4 (log(10)No-log(10)Nt) > or = 4.00 log(10)]. (2) With 300 mg/L of available chlorine of NaDCC solution, within a contact time of 5 minutes, or 400 mg/L, 3 minutes, the reductions of bacteriophage Phichi 174D achieved the "disinfection" level. (3) With 2000 mg/L of available chlorine of NaDCC solution, within a contact time of 20 minutes, or 4000 mg/L, 5 minutes, the reductions of bacteriophage f2 might achieve the "disinfection" level.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The order of resistance of the above three bacteriophages to NaDCC from greatest to smallest is as follows: bacteriophage f2 > bacteriophage T4 > bacteriophage Phichi 174D.</p>

H(1) and H(2) receptors in the locus ceruleus are involved in the intracerebroventricular histamine-induced carotid sinus baroreceptor reflex resetting in rats / 神经科学通报·英文版

Objective To investigate the role of H(1) and H(2) receptors in the locus ceruleus (LC) in carotid sinus baroreceptor reflex (CSR) resetting induced by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of histamine (HA). Methods The left and right carotid sinus regions were isolated from the systemic circulation in 18 male Sprague-Dawley rats anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium. The intracarotid sinus pressure (ISP) was altered in a stepwise manner in vivo. ISP-mean arterial pressure (MAP) relationship curve and its characteristic parameters were constructed by fitting to the logistic function with five parameters. The changes in CSR performance induced by i.c.v. HA and the effects of pretreatment with H(1) or H(2) receptors selective antagonist, chlorpheniramine (CHL) or cimetidine (CIM) into the LC, on the responses of CSR to HA were examined. Results I.c.v. HA (100 ng in 5 mu l) significantly shifted the ISP-MAP relationship curve upwards (P < 0.05) and obviously decreased the value of the reflex parameters such as MAP range and maximum gain (P < 0.05), but increased the threshold pressure, saturation pressure and ISP at maximum gain (P < 0.05). The pretreatment with CHL (0.5 mu g in 1 mu l) or CIM (1.5 mu g in 1 mu l) into the LC could obviously attenuate the changes mentioned above in CSR performance induced by HA, but the alleviative effect of CIM was less remarkable than that of CHL (P < 0.05). Respective microinjection of CHL or CIM alone into the LC with the corresponding dose and volume did not change CSR performance significantly (P > 0.05). Conclusion Intracerebroventricular administration of HA results in a rapid resetting of CSR and a decrease in reflex sensitivity, and the responses of CSR to HA may be mediated, at least in part, by H(1) and H(2) receptors activities in the LC, especially by H(1) receptors. Moreover, the effects of the central HA on CSR might be related to a histaminergic descending pathway from the hypothalamus to LC.

Comparative study on the resistance of Bacteriophage phi chi 174D, T4 and f2 to an iodophor in laboratory / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>To screen for the most resistant bacteriophage as indicator in disinfection tests, the resistance of bacteriophage phi chi 174D, T4 and f2 to iodophor were observed in laboratory.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The virucidal activity of iodophor against bacteriophage phi chi 174D, T4, and f2 were assessed by suspension test. The neutralizer is selected and appraised by testing with neutralizer. Bacteriophage phi chi 174D, T4, and f2 were detected and enumerated by the double-agar-layer plaque technique.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) With 500 mg/L of available iodine of iodophor solution, within a contact time of 40 min, or 750 mg/L, 10 min, or 1000 mg/L, 5 min, the reduction of bacteriophage phi chi 174D could achieve the "disinfection" level [log10 inactivation value (LIV) or log10 reduction value (LRV) of bacteriophage phi chi 174D (log10 No-log10 Nt) was > or = 4.00 log10]. (2) With 600 mg/L of available iodine of iodophor solution, within a contact time of 40 min, or 700 mg/L, 5 min, the reductions of bacteriophage T4 could achieve the "disinfection" level. (3) With 50 mg/L of available iodine of iodophor solution, within a contact time of 10 min, or 75 mg/L, 10 min, the reductions of bacteriophage f2 could achieve the "disinfection" level.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The order of resistance of the above three bacteriophages to iodophor from greatest to smallest is as follows: bacteriophage phi chi 174D greater than bacteriophage T4 > bacteriophage f2.</p>

Multi-purpose Horizontal Transit Table for influential factors in dose distribution of brachytherapy in moderately advanced and advanced uterine cervical cancer / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective The factors influencing the dose distribution of intracavitary brachytherapy for moderately advanced and advanced uterine cervical cancer was studied.Methods Ninty-five patients with cervical cancerⅡ～Ⅲb who received radical radiation therapy in our department from Aug,2004 to Nov,2005,were treated with after-loading brachytherapy using,first,the self-designed“Mutipurpose Hori- zontal Transit Table”(MPHTT) for locating and treatment before the intracavitaray brachytherapy proper. The deviation of isodose curve based on A-B reference system,and the dose of deviation was defined by measuring in a practical standard phantom.Results There were significant influence on the deviation of i- sodose curve in pathology and para-metrial infiltration of cervical cancer and operating skill,but negative to clinical stage.The degree of deviation of isodose curve could not be lowered with the increase in sessions of intracavitary brachytherapy.Conclusions It is necessary to perform the locating,by use of mphtt,before the proper brachytherapy for patients with cervical cancer,not only for the identification of the deviation of i- sodose curve,but also to provide the evidence for revising the plan for dose adjustment of conformal radiation therapy in the pelvic cavity.