Recent Advances in Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-associated Pneumonitis / 肿瘤防治研究

With the research progress on the biology and pathogenesis of cancer, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have come into being, bringing a new hope for the survival of patients with advanced cancer and opening a new era of cancer immunotherapy. However, with the wide application of immunotherapy in clinical practice, ICI-related adverse events (irAEs) have gradually emerged and are widely known by first-line clinicians. ICIs primarily activate T cells that can attack normal tissues and organs in the body and cause a variety of adverse reactions. Checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis (CIP) is one of the rare complications with poor prognosis in irAEs. This article reviews the therapeutic mechanism of some ICIs; the incidence, risk factors, pathogenesis, and clinical and imaging manifestations of CIP; and the classification and treatment management of CIP.

Clinical Research Progress of Double Primary Cancers of Breast and Lung with Breast Cancer as the First Primary Cancer / 肿瘤防治研究

The number of the patients with double primary cancers is increasing. Breast cancer and lung cancer are the two most common malignant tumors in women, seriously threatening the health of the majority of women. Although the lung is one of the most common metastatic sites of breast cancer, in recent years, there have been increasing cases of primary lung cancer in patients with breast cancer. The incidence of double primary cancers with breast cancer as the first primary cancer is much higher than that with lung cancer as the first primary cancer. Primary breast cancer is closely related to the occurrence and development of lung cancer. This article reviews the epidemiology, clinicopathological features, diagnosis and treatment of double primary breast cancer and lung cancer with breast cancer as the first cancer.

Effect of cholecystokinin-octapeptide on focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM: To examine the effect of cholecystokinin-octapeptide (CCK-8) on focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury and its underlying mechanisms. METHODS: By using the suture model of focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion, the effects of intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of CCK-8 and proglumide, nonselective CCK receptors antagonist, on the infarct size, regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), and the levels of nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA) were observed in different brain regions of rats subjected to 1 h focal cerebral ischemia followed by 24 h reperfusion. RESULTS: (1) pretreatment with different doses of CCK-8 (0.3 ?g,1.0 ?g,2.0 ?g or 4.0 ?g) could attenuate the infarct size, but the statistically significant effects of CCK-8 were obtained only at the doses of 1.0 ?g and 2.0 ?g(P

Cholecystokinin and neuroprotection / 中国病理生理杂志

Cholecystokinin(CCK) is one of the first discovered gastrointestinal hormones and one of the most abundant neuropeptides in the brain. CCK , as a neurotransmitter or modulator, is involved in many different biological processes. This review presents an updated overview of the anatomical distribution of CCK in brain, the changes of cerebral CCK gene expression and CCK level during brain injury, the neuroprotective effects of CCK and its underlying mechanisms.