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ObjectiveTo investigate the possible mechanism of Shenqi Jianxin Formula （参芪健心方） in the treatment of chronic heart failure （CHF） from the perspective of pyroptosis. MethodsFifty-two rats were randomly divided into sham operation group （n=8） and modeling group （n=44）. In the modeling group， the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery was ligated to construct CHF rat model. Forty successfully-modelled rats were randomly divided into model group， Entresto group， Shenqi Jianxin Formula group， MCC950 group and the combination group （Shenqi Jianxin Formula plus MCC950）， with 8 rats in each group. In Shenqi Jianxin Formula group， 7.4 g/（kg·d） of Shenqi Jianxin Formula was given by gavage， while in Entresto group， 68 mg/（kg·d） of Entresto suspension was given by gavage； in MCC950 group， MCC950 was injected intraperitoneally with 10 mg/kg once every other day， and in the combination group， 7.4 g/（kg·d） of Shenqi Jianxin Formula was given by gavage， and MCC950 was injected intraperitoneally with 10 mg/kg once every other day； 10 ml/（kg·d） of saline was given by gavage in the sham operation group and the model group. After 3 weeks of continuous intervention， serum brain B-type natriuretic peptide （BNP）， creatine kinase isoenzyme MB （CK-MB）， interleukin 1β （IL-1β）， and interleukin 18 （IL-18） levels were detected by ELISA； HE staining and MASSON staining were used to observe pathological changes in rat myocardium. Except for the Entresto group， western blot technique was used to detect the expression of NOD-like receptor protein 3 （NLRP3）， caspase-1， and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein possessing a caspase-recruiting domain （ASC）； RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of NLRP3 and caspase-1 mRNA. ResultsCompared with the sham operation group， HE staining of rats in the model group showed obvious myocardial injury， while MASSON staining showed increased area of collagen fibrosis， and serum BNP， CK-MB， IL-1β， IL-18， myocardial tissue NLRP3， caspase-1， ASC protein expression and NLRP3， caspase-1 mRNA expression were all elevated （P＜0.05）. Compared with those in the model group， cardiomyocyte injury of rats and collagen fibrosis area were reduced， and serum BNP， CK-MB， IL-1β， and IL-18 contents were all reduced in Shenqi Jianxin Formula group， Entresto group， MCC950 group， and the combination group； except for Entresto group， myocardial tissue NLRP3， caspase-1， ASC protein expression and NLRP3， caspase-1 mRNA expression were reduced in the remaining three medication group （P＜0.05）. Compared with Shenqi Jianxin Formula group， the MCC950 group and the combination group showed decreased serum IL-1β and IL-18 content， collagen fibrosis area， myocardial tissue NLPR3， caspase-1 protein expression， and caspase-1 mRNA expression， and decreased ASC and NLRP3 mRNA expression was shown in the combination group （P＜0.05）. Compared with MCC950 group， collagen fibrosis area was reduced， and serum IL-18 content， NLRP3， caspase-1 mRNA expression were reduced in the combination group （P＜0.05）. ConclusionShenqi Jianxin Formula can effectively improve the myocardial injury and heart failure in rats with CHF， and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of cardiomyocyte pyroptosis through NLPR3/Caspase-1 pathway to reduce the level of intramyocardial inflammation. The combined use of MCC950 with Shenqi Jianxin Formula could more effectively inhibite myocardial pyroptosis， with better therapeutic result than single use of each part.
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Th17 cells have recently emerged as a third independent helper T(Th) cell subset that is different from the classical Th1 and Th2 cells.Th17 cells can specifically secrete IL-17 and play an important role in tumorigenesis and metastasis.In this article, we review the origin and differentiation regulation of Th17 cells, the relationship between IL-17 and tumor microenvironment, angiogenesis and metastasis, and try to provide a new direction for the diagnosis and treatment of tumor.
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Objective To compare the application effect between problem-based learning (PBL) and traditional teaching in cardiovascular intervention . Methods 39 training physicians were divided randomly into the PBL group (n=20) and control group (n=19). The control group was trained with the tradi-tional teaching method while PBL group used PBL seven step method, namely they were trained through the process of clarifying unfamiliar terms—defining the problem—brainstorming—restructuring problem—defining learning goals—collecting information, personal learning, information sharing, and group discus-sion. After the end of the training, the two groups were tested by using the unified test questions and skills test, and the questionnaire survey of teaching satisfaction. SPSS 18.0 was used to do line t test or chi square test to the data of both groups. Results PBL group training physicians' cardiovascular intervention oper-ation [(30.07±1.67) vs. (28.54±1.98), P=0.036], their comprehensive analysis of clinical cases, [(34.47± 1.77) vs. (32.08 ±1.80), P=0.002], and the total score [(86.47 ±2.75) vs. (82.23 ±3.63), P=0.002], were better than the control group, and the difference was statistically significant. The survey results showed that the PBL group's evaluation on how the teaching methods stimulate the training physicians' interest in learning, enhance their ability of independent thinking and cultivate their teamwork ability, improve their language expression and clinical thinking and other aspects was higher than the control group (P Conclusion Compared with the traditional teaching, the application effect of PBL in the training of car-diovascular intervention can better exert training physicians' subjective initiative and improve the teaching effect.
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Objective To compare the effect between problem-based learning and lecture-based learning for clinical teaching in the department of cardiovascular medicine. Methods Totally 110 five-year-program cardiovascular interns from June 2011 and June 2012 were selected. They were randomly divided into the PBL group(n=55) and LBL group(n=55). PBL and LBL teach-ing methods were applied in the two groups respectively. Teaching effects were evaluated by exam and questionnaire investigation. SPSS 15.0 was used to do data processing; t test was used to compare the average score of two groups;chi-square test was used to process the results of the questionnaire. P<0.05 signifies sta-tistically significant differences. Results There were statistical differences in examinational average score between PBL group and LBL group ((87.89 ±5.39) vs. (82.63 ±5.26), P<0.05). PBL group had significantly higher satisfaction rate in motivating study interests , deepening understanding of theoretical knowledge, cultivating self-learning ability, training verbal expression and developing clin-ical thinking, etc(P<0.05). Conclusions PBL teaching method demonstrates advantages in teaching of cardiovascular medicine and enhances the teaching effect. But the PBL teaching method should be improved in basic knowledge teaching, cultivation of teachers' ability and case selection.
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Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on the bladder neo-plasm induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) in Wistar rats. Methods Seventy-two female rats were randomly divid-ed into two groups, treatment group and control group. The rat model of bladder tumor was established by intravesical instilla-tion of MNU (2mL/time, once every two weeks) inside bladder. Rats in treatment group were given EGCG (2 mL/time, once/day), and control group were given the same volume of distilled water. Six rats were executed respectively at the 3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th, 11th and 13th week, and the bladder histopathological changes were studied in two groups. Results The untypical hyper-plasia was observed after 5 weeks. The bladder neoplasm was observed at the 11th week in control group. The bladder neo-plasm was not found in treatment group. There was a significantly lower pathological score in treatment group than that of control group except for the first two weeks (P＜0.05). Conclusion EGCG is effective for treatment of the bladder neo-plasm induced by MNU.
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Objective To probe the blood supply of liver metastasis by celiac artery,proper hepatic artery DSA.portal vein perfusion CT during superior mesenteric arterial poaography(PCTAP).Methods One hundred patients with liver metastases were examined prospectively by plain CT scan,multiphase enhanced CT scan,celiac arteriography and proper hepatic artefiography.Of them,56 patients were examined by PCTAP.All primary lesions wero confirmed by operation and(or)pathology examination.In order to investigate the blood supply of metastasis lesions.the software of Photoshop Was used to obtain the time-attenuation cugves(TDC)of tumor center,tumor edge,portal vein and normal liver parenchyma adjacent to the tumor to talculate liver perfusion for DSA image analysis,while a deconvolution model from CT perfusion software Was designed for the dual blood supply.Results DSA findings:TDC of proper hepatic arteriography showed:the mean peak concentration(K value)in tumor centers was(67±12)%,and it was(76±15)%for peritumor tissue,(51±10)%in normal liver parenchyma.TDC of celiac arteriogaphy showed that the contrast concentration of tumor centers and tumor edge increased fast in early stage.then maintained a slight upward plateau,in the meanwhile,the contrast concentration of normal liver parenchyma kept increasing slowly.PCTAP findings:tumors exhibited no enhancement during 30 s continued scans.Conciusion The blood supply of liver metastasis mainly comes from hepatic artery,but barely from portal vein.