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Objective To explore the molecular and cell signal transduction mechanism of Astragalus mongholicus polysaccharides (ASP) on macrophage. Methods After stimulating RAW264.7, the change in value of NF-κB was determined by Western blot. The induction of NO and secretion of TNF-α by ASP in macrophage was observed with or without inhibitor of NF-κB using Griess method. Moreover, protein levels of TNF-α secreted by macrophage were investigated with ELISA in respond to ASP. Results 4 h after stimulation by 100 μg/ml ASP, the concentration of NF-κB in nucleus increased significantly, peaked at 6 h. 16 h after stimulation by 100 μg/ml ASP, the activity of iNOS[(23.54±2.41) U/mg protein; P<0.01], producton of NO [(18.9±1.5)μmol/L, P<0.01] and level of TNF-α[(81.2±16.7)pg/ml, P<0.0l] in macrophage were improved markedly. Blocking NF-κB with inhibitor results in decreased levels of NO and TNF-α. Conclusion The results suggest that NF-κB play an important role in induction of NO and TNF-α by ASP in macrophage.
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OBJECTIVE To investigate the HCV infection and the distribution condition of HCV subtype in maintenance hemodialysis patients.METHODS A total of 210 cases with maintenance hemodialysis were recruited into this study.Serum samples were tested for anti-HCV antibodies using ELISA and HCV RNA by RT-PCR.At the same time,samples with anti-HCV IgM positive were identified for their subtype.RESULTS In all cases,91 cases(43.3%) were anti-HCV IgM positive,87 cases(41.4%) were anti-HCV IgG positive,and 105 cases(50.0%) were HCV-RNA positive.Eighty one cases(38.6%) were positive for all HCV infection markers,and 117 cases(55.7%) were positive for at least one marker.Compared that of cases with negative all HCV infection markers,the levels of ALT,AST,LDH and ?-GT in maintenance hemodialysis patients whose at least one marker was positive were significantly higher.Of 91 cases with positive anti-HCV IgM,55 cases(64.4%) were with type 1,9 cases(9.8%) with type 2,13 cases(14.2%) with type 3,and 7 cases(7.6%) with type 6.In addition,3 cases(3.2%) with types 1+6,and 4 cases(4.3%) were with types 1+3.CONCLUSIONS The infectious ratio of HCV in maintenance hemodialysis patients is high,particularly that of type 1 HCV is the highest.