RESUMO
Dengue is considered the main arthropod-borne viral disease of humans. In the last few years, an increasing number of reports of mild and severe cases have been reported. The growing dengue incidence observed in recent years has been accompanied by reports of new observations, findings and global initiatives with an improvement in our understanding of this phenomenon. The epidemiology and new clinical classification of dengue, advances in the diagnostic and pathogenesis knowledge, and vaccine development as well as control methods including new global initiatives are summarised here.
Assuntos
Animais , Humanos , Dengue , Dengue Grave , Aedes , Dengue Grave/epidemiologia , Dengue Grave/prevenção & controle , Dengue Grave/transmissão , Vírus da Dengue/imunologia , Dengue/epidemiologia , Dengue/prevenção & controle , Dengue/transmissão , Surtos de Doenças/prevenção & controle , Insetos Vetores , América Latina , Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde , Vigilância da População , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Vacinas Virais/administração & dosagem , Organização Mundial da SaúdeRESUMO
Dengue is at present the most important human arbovirosis. It is the main cause of hospitalization and death among children from southeast Asia. Two fifth of the world population live in dengue risk areas. In 1997, over 100 countries reported epidemic and more than 50,000,000 cases and 25,000 deaths were estomated. Nowadays, the Americas is passing through the same situation Asia faced years ago. In 1997, 27 countries reported cases of dengue, and in 14 of them cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever were documented. In all, 387,459 cases of classic dengue and 11,645 of dengue hemorrhagic fever were registered. During the last 2 decades dengue has increased significantly in our region with ups and downs in the annual incidence since 1981. It should be remarked that every 3 or 4 years there is a cyclic decrease and a further increase of the incidence, though it trends to rise. As regards dengue hemorrhagic fever, the situation is not more favorable. The Cuban epidemic that appeared in 1981 was completely untimely in the region. In 1989, 8 years later, the second important dengue hemorrhagic fever epidemic emerged in Venezuela, and from that moment on there has been an increasing tendency of this clinical form of the disease. The factors of the emergence and reemergence are present and rise year after year. The neoliberal policies and the consequent privatization of the health services in most of the countries allow us to watch a gloomy future in relation to the development of dengue and its severe form, the dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome.