Frequency of peri-intraventricular hemorrhage and its associated factors in premature newborns / Frequência de hemorragia peri-intraventricular e seus fatores associados em recém-nascidos prematuros

Objective: To identify the frequency of intracranial hemorrhage and its associated factors in premature newborns. Methods: A cross-sectional study based on a survey of medical records of premature neonates submitted to transfontanellar ultrasound at a hospital located in a southern neighborhood of the city of São Paulo, in 2007. Results: A 50% rate of intracranial hemorrhage was found among premature newborns submitted to transfontanellar ultrasound, and 15.35% among all premature babies born in this hospital in 2007. The statistically significant factors associated to intracranial hemorrhage were gestational age less than 32 weeks, absence of prenatal care, invasive mechanical ventilation, infection, blood transfusion, hyaline membrane disease, hyponatremia and hyperglycemia. Conclusions: The frequency of peri-intraventricular hemorrhage was 50% in patients at risk and 15.35% among all premature babies; the associated factors were gestational age less than 32 weeks, absence of prenatal care, need of invasive mechanical ventilation, infection, blood transfusion, hyaline membrane disease, hyponatremia and hyperglycemia.

Objetivo: Identificar a frequência de hemorragia peri-intraventricular e levantar seus fatores associados em recém-nascidos prematuros. Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo transversal com levantamento de prontuários de recém-nascidos prematuros que realizaram ultrassonografia transfontanelar no ano de 2007 em um hospital da periferia da zona sul da cidade de São Paulo. Resultados: Foram encontradas frequência de 50% entre os recém-nascidos prematuros que realizaram ultrassonografia transfontanelar e frequência de 15,35% dentre todos os recém-nascidos prematuros nesse hospital no ano de 2007. Observaram-se, como fatores associados à hemorragia intracraniana estatisticamente significativos, idade gestacional menor que 32 semanas, ausência de assistência ao pré-natal, necessidade de ventilação mecânica invasiva, infecção, infusão de derivados sanguíneos, doença de membranas hialinas, hiponatremia e hiperglicemia. Conclusões: A frequência de hemorragia peri-intraventricular foi de 50% nos pacientes de risco e de 15,35% entre todos os recém-nascidos prematuros e seus fatores associados foram idade gestacional menor que 32 semanas, ausência de assistência ao pré-natal, necessidade de ventilação mecânica invasiva, infecção, infusão de derivados sanguíneos, doença de membranas hialinas, hiponatremia e hiperglicemia.

Drug hypersensitivity in students from São Paulo, Brazil

BACKGROUND: Drug hypersensitivity is responsible for substantial mortality and morbidity, and increased health costs. However, epidemiological data on drug hypersensitivity in general or specific populations are scarce. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional survey of 1015 university students, using a self-reported questionnaire. RESULTS: The prevalence of self-reported drug hypersensitivity was 12,11 percent (123/1015). The most frequently implicated drugs were non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (45,9 percent) and beta-lactam and sulfonamide antibiotics (25,40 percent). The majority of the patients reported dermatological manifestations (99), followed by respiratory (40), digestive (23) and other (19). Forty-five patients had an immediate type reaction, and 76,72 percent (89) had the drug by oral route. CONCLUSION: The results showed that drug hypersensitivity is highly prevalent in university students, and that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug and antibiotics (beta-lactams and sulfonamide) are the most frequently concerned drugs.