RESUMO
Introducción: la prevención de conductas problema en los estudiantes universitarios requiere la identificación de sus causas y los factores de protección. Objetivo: identificar los recursos psicológicos que predicen los problemas emocionales y conductuales en jóvenes. Método: se utilizaron cuatro instrumentos para evaluar a una muestra no probabilística de 320 estudiantes universitarios: escala de problemas emocionales y conductuales, de relaciones intrafamiliares, de recursos psicológicos afectivos y sociales. Participaron 146 hombres y 173 mujeres con un rango de edad de 18 a 24 años, con una media de 20.04 años y una desviación estándar 1.62. Resultados: Los principales hallazgos muestran correlaciones estadísticamente significativas con dirección negativa entre las conductas problema y los recursos afectivos, sociales y familiares. Respecto a las diferencias dependiendo del sexo de los participantes las mujeres presentaron mayores medias en depresión y problemas somáticos, mientras que los hombres en consumo de alcohol y de tabaco. Los resultados de las regresiones paso a paso indicaron que la depresión fue la conducta problema con mayor porcentaje de varianza explicada (47%), predicha mediante las dificultades en el manejo de la tristeza, el autocontrol en el manejo del enojo, la expresión de emociones y las dificultades en el manejo del enojo. Conclusión: es fundamental fortalecer los recursos psicológicos e incluirlos en el diseño de programas de intervención universal y selectiva para promover el desarrollo positivo y la prevención de problemas emocionales y conductuales en estudiantes universitarios.
Introduction: Preventing problem behaviors in university students requires the identification of its causes and possible protective factors. Objective: To identify the psychological resources that can predict emotional and behavioral issues in young people. Method: Four different scales were used to evaluate a non-probabilistic sample of 320 university students: the emotional and behavioral issues scales, the intra-family relationships scale, and the social resources scale and affective resources scale. The sample included 146 men and 173 women between the ages of 18 to 24 (mean: 20.04, standard deviation: 1.62). Results: The main findings show significant statistical negative correlations between the problem behaviors and the affective, social, and family resources. Regarding the differences between participants, women showed higher mean scores of depressions and somatic problems, while men showed higher scores of alcohols and tobacco consumption. The step-by-step regression results revealed depression to be the problem behavior with the highest explained variance (47%), predicted by difficulties in managing sadness, lack of self-control regarding anger, the expression of emotions, and problems with anger management. Conclusion: Strengthening psychological resources and incorporating them in the design of universal and selective intervention programs is fundamental to prevent emotional and behavioral problems in university students to promote their positive development.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the degree of central and autonomic dysfunction by means of electroencephalographic (EEG) and cardio-pneumographic recording (CPGR) in infants with Post-Hemorrhagic Hydrocephalus (PHH). METHODS: Nineteen infants with PHH were studied, born from October 1998 to January 2000. Clinical diagnosis was confirmed by cephalic perimeter measurement and ultrasonographic study. Eight channel bipolar EEG and CPGR were performed after sleep deprivation, EEG features studied were: Temporal organization, symmetry, synchrony, frequency of normal and abnormal patterns. CPGR features studied were: Frequency of apnea and temporal organization by means of beat to beat variability. RESULTS: Averages of birth's age and weight, Apgar scores at one and five minutes, and cephalic perimeter showed lower values in PHH infants. PHH infants showed abnormalities in EEG and CPGR such as: Higher discontinuous activity (63), asymmetry (73), asynchrony (89), abnormal EEG patterns (89), apnea (26) and absence of heart rate variability (63). CONCLUSIONS: EEG and CPGR recordings are a useful tools in the examination of infants with PHH. These findings suggest cortical-subcortical, and brainstem dysfunction with severe encephalopathy and autonomic nervous dysfunction related to ventricular dilatation in infants with PHH.