Visual outcome and complications of phacoemulsification catract surgery performed by residents at al ibrahim eye hospital, karachi

To describe visual outcome and the complications related to cataract surgery performed by phacoemulsification technique by fourth-year ophthalmology residents at Al-ibrahim eye hospital, Karachi, who are trained to perform phacoemulsification with prior experience with manual extracapsular extraction. Prospective, observational case series. We prospectively analyzed the incidence of complications and visual outcomes in the initial 575 phacoemulsifications [575 patients] performed by the 5 residents learning phacoemulsification in our training programe. All were experienced in standard [manual] extra capsular cataract extraction. Postoperative follow up of 6 weeks was available in 547 eyes. The 28 patients [28 eyes] lost to follow up did not have any intra-operative complications. Of 575 cataract surgeries, 559 eyes [97.2%] were performed using phacoemulsification technique. Posterior capsule disruption without vitreous loss occurred in 16 [2.8%], vitreous loss in 15 [2.6%] and IOL displaced into vitreous in 4 [0.7%] of 559 cases that underwent phacoemulsification technique. Other complications encountered in-Cluded localized corneal edema [23 eyes], iris damage interiorly [1 eye] and clinical cystoid macular edema [1 eyes]. A best corrected visual acuity of 6/ 12 or better was obtained in 521 eyes [95.2%] of the 547 eyes available for the six week follow up. In the eyes with vitreous loss, 10 out of 15 had visual acuity better than 6/12. The residents can perform phacoemulsification well with a very low complication rate, with prior training with extra capsular cataract extraction technique

[ effect of massage on intensity of pain during first stage of labor]

Labor and birth are two important aspects of human life. At the same time, labor pain is a serious concern for every pregnant woman, Massage as a non pharmacological techniques is a way to overcome this difficulty. Research findings demonstrate that massage has especially positive effects in reducing not only pain, but also stress. Our study has been conducted to determine the effects of massage on intensity of pain during the first stage of labor in primiparous women who have attended Isfahan Shahid Beheshti hospital in 2005. In this randomize clinical trial, a total of 75 primiparous women in 38-42 week of low risk pregnancy were randomly divided in 3 groups. First group received 20 minutes of back effleurage massage at the periods of 4-5 cm, 6-7 cm, 8-10 cm, cervical dilation. An emotional support was offered for second group in the same duration of time and the same cervical dilation. Third group just received routine care during labor. In all groups, pregnant women were asked to evaluate their severity of pain before and after intervention. Data being obtained through the visual analogue scale, check list and inspection form. Study result demonstrated that intensity of pain was significantly lower in massage group [p< 0.001]. Intensity of pain in supported group was consistent during 4-5 cm dilatation period and 8-10 cm but during 6-7 cm period there was an increase in severity of pain. In routine care group severity of pain increased in every stage. Receiving back massage is more effective than supporting and routine care for relieving labor pain