[Knowledge extraction of diabetics' data by decision tree method]

Introduction: In the last 10 years the incidence of diabetes has doubled worldwide with annual increasing rate of about 6%. More than 2 million people in Iran are now affected by this disease. The present research deals with the relation between the observed complications of type 2 diabetic patients and some related features like Blood Glucose Level, Blood Pressure, Age, and Family History. The main purpose was to predict the patients' complications based on the observed signs

Methods: The research data were gathered from 856 patient records related to the 2009's cases in the Diabetes Center of Golestan province. A new model based on the standard methodology CRISP was developed. In the modeling section, two well-known data mining techniques called C5.0 decision tree and Neural Network were used. Celementine 12.0 software was implemented for data analysis

Results: The results of data mining showed that the variables of high blood pressure, age, and family history had the most impact on the observed complications. Based on the created decision tree, some rules have been extracted which can be used as a pattern to predict the probability of occurring these complications in the patients. The accuracy of the C5.0 model on the data was shown to be 89.74% and on the Artificial Neural Network was 51.28%

Conclusion: As the highest accuracy was shown to be achieved using C5.0 algorithm, according to the created rules, it can be predicted which complication[s] any diabetic patient with new specified features may probably suffer from

Interaction of syntactic comprehension and ability of cognitive sequence processing in persian speaking broca aphasic patients

Recent studies shown that related or common neuro-physiological processes are required for processing non-linguistic structures [e.g. cognitive sequencing] and some aspects of syntactic structure in language. As there has not been such research in Iran, this study surveys the relationship between the ability to process cognitive non-linguistic abilities and comprehension of non-canonical syntactic structures in Broca aphasic patients. A pre test and post test quasi-f experimental design was chosen in this study. The syntactic comprehension of 10 aphasic patients [6 men and 4 women] who according to the Farsi Aphasic Test [Nilipour,1993], have been recognized to be Broca aphasics, was assessed before and after a training period of 10 weeks [a session every week] on cognitive sequencing. The syntactic comprehension was assessed using a test which was designed for Persian language on the basis of standard test for comprehension in aphasia. The ability to process cognitive sequences was assessed using Lelekov test. The subjects were selected in a purposeful manner from among the Broca aphasics who were under therapy in the state speech therapy centers in Tehran. The percent of the correct answers to every syntactic structure and to the cognitive sequences for each person was measured before and after a training period of 10 weeks. Data were analyzed by Paired -T-test. The findings showed that there is a direct relation between the ability of the patients for comprehending the non-canonical syntactic structures and their ability for processing cognitive sequencing. [R=0.50]. After the training period, the ability of the patients for understanding syntactic structures with non-canonical word order improved significantly [P<0.05].There was no significant change in their ability for understanding syntactic structures with canonical word order [P>0.05]. Their ability for processing cognitive sequencing increased significantly during the training period [P<0.05]. Reinforcement of the ability to process complex cognitive sequences in Broca aphasic patients improves their comprehension of syntactic structures with non-canonical word order but it has no effect on their comprehension of structures with canonical word order

[Effect of different placement techniques and curing methods on composite microhardness in class I restorations]

The polymerization of light cured composite resins is initiated from surface layer and the rate of polymerization reduces from surface to depth. The difference in hardness is in correlation with different factors such as the intensity of unit and the distance between composite and light tip. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of four different methods of filling and two light direction on microhardness of class I composite resin restorations. In this parallel interventional study, 40 intact human premolar teeth were selected. Class I cavities were prepared [4x4x4 mm]. After etching and applying Excite as a dentin adhesive, the specimens were divided into four groups [n=10] based on the filling Group l] one bulk, group 2] horizontal incremental and occlusal light curing, group 3] horizontal incremental and three directional light curing, Group 4]oblique and three directional light curing. Z100 was used for restoration of cavities. Microhardness of specimens was measured by kicker's microhardness tester in 0, 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 mm distance from surface. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Duncan tests [a=0.05]. The mean value of microhardness in groups 1 and 2 showed significant difference from that of groups 3 and 4 [p<0.05]. Within each group, the subsurface layer showed the highest value of hardness [P<0.05] except for group 2 that all surfaces showed a similar hardness value [p>0.05]. Based on the results of this study, incremental technique [oblique or horizontal] with three dimensional light curing is the most suitable procedure for obtaining a maximum hardness in Class I composite resin restoration

Laboratory evaluation of composite wear resistance with and without occlusal index

The polishing and finishing procedures may cause topographical changes and introduce subsurface micro-cracks in dental composite restorations. The effect of Occlusal Index on the amount of wear in the posterior composite restorations was evaluated. Likewise, a comparison was made between the wear rates of Tetric Ceram and Ideal Makoo composite resin products. A total of 40 premolars were collected and randomly divided into four groups. Occlusal Indices were prepared with a transparent acrylic resin [Duralay]. Class I cavities were prepared in all specimens. In two groups, teeth were restored with Occlusal Index. However, the restorations were completed without any Occlusal Index in the other two groups. Wear on the surfaces of these restorations were made by an oral cavity simulator and a tooth-brush machine. The vertical sections of the [pre-wear]and [post-wear] replicas were compared with a Projector Profilometer and the differences between the two sections were analyzed using two way ANOVAtest at alpha = 0.5. The results showed that the mean-wear in index groups was higher. The findings did not show any significant difference between the wear rates of the two materials used in this experimental evaluation. The uses of occlusal index dose not decrease the wear of posterior composite restorations