The Use of Micro-Computed Tomography for Evaluation of Internal Adaptation of Dental Restorative Materials in Primary Molars: An In-Vitro Study

Aim: To evaluate the internal adaptation of some dental adhesive restorative material (Nano-composite resin /Biodentine,Nanocomposite resin / Nano- resin-modified glass ionomer and Nano-composite resin) to the primary dentinal surface usingmicro-computed tomography (Micro-CT) Materials and methods: Forty-five extracted primary molars, due to caries ororthodontic reasons, were collected provided that it has an intact buccal/ lingual surface(s) and one half to two-thirds ofroot length. The selected teeth were disinfected and stored in normal saline at room temperature. The teeth were randomlyassigned to one of the three experimental restorative groups according to the restoration type (15 per group): group A:Nanocomposite resin / Biodentine, group B: Nanocomposite resin / Nano-resin-modified glass ionomer and group C:restored totally with Nanocomposite resin. A high- resolution desktop micro-CT (Model 1172, Skyscan, Belgium) was usedto image the samples. Results: The mean rank of volumetric dimension values of the total gap at the restorative material –dentine interface demonstrated significant difference among the three groups (P= 0.003). Moreover, there was a significantdifference in the mean rank of the ratio of total gap volume/cavity volume among the three restorative groups (P=0.015).The data demonstrate that group A showed the lowest in total gap volume and mean ratio of total gap volume /cavity volumewhile group C recorded the highest value. Conclusion: Biodentine exhibited a higher internal adaptation to a dentinalsurface which is comparable to Nano resin-modified glass ionomer. The study results potentiate the importance of usingBiodentine liners under Nano-composite (sandwich technique) in terms of excellent internal adaptation, in addition to itshigh biocompatibility and easy handling as well.

Effect of different irradiation patterns on shear bond strength of composite resin to enamel and dentin

With more polymerization rate there would be less time for the composite to flow and consequently sudden hardening occurs. This leads into composite detachment from cavity walls resulting in micro leakage between the restoration and tooth, and will decrees the bond strength. The aim of this study was to investigate the shear bond strengths of the enamel and dentin resin composite using Suggested Progressive program [SUP] and some other light exposure patterns. In this experimental in vitro study, the test groups were composed of 40 dentinal and 40 enamel samples prepared on facial surfaces of 80 human canine teeth. 2x2mm polyethylen cylandric molds were filled in bulk with Tetric Ceram composite and were placed on the prepared surfaces. Irradiation patterns for 4 groups of 10 dentinal and 10 enamel samples were as follows: Group 1, HIP [High Intensity Program]. Group 2, LOP [Low Intensity Program]. Group 3, PUL [Pulse Program] of Astralis 7 light curing unit exposure patterns, and Group 4, SUP [Suggested Progressive Program]. After curing and 24 hours incubation in 37°C, the samples were thermocycled under 500 cycles [5-55°C], and mounted with acrylic resin. Shear bond strengths of all samples were obtained using the Instron testing machine with 0.5 mm/min crosshead speed. For statistical analysis, one way and two way ANOYA and Duncan testes were used by SPSS software. There was no significant difference between the shear bond strengths of four light exposure patterns in dentinal and enamel groups [p < 0.001]. It was also revealed that various light exposure patterns had no significant effect on shear bond strength of composite to enamel and dentin [p = 0.388]. SUP light exposure pattern has the same capability of producing appropriate bond strength with the tooth structures as other light exposure patterns

impact of splenectomy on the patient's susceptability to infection

Splenectomy, is a procedure that has significantly decreased in frequency as the understanding of its complications increase. Susceptibility to infection is the best-defined and most widely understood complication of splenectomy. The aim was to study the impact of splenectomy on the patients susceptibility to infections, and its effect on morbidity and mortality statistics of patients admitted to fever hospitals. The study included 506 patients admitted to fever hospital and they divided according to history of splenectomy into group 1 of 432 patients with no history of splenectomy and group II of 74 patients with history of splenectomy. The cause and duration of splenectomy, hospital stay, the type and duration of antibiotic prescribed in hospital the diagnosis and the outcome at discharge were the main history items. Chronic liver disease [CLD] was the main cause of splenectomy followed by trauma and Thalassemia 67%, 20% and 12% respectively. No significant difference in blood culture between the 2 group but capsulated organism were more in group II. Respiratory tract infection was the main cause of admission in both groups with a high incidence of respiratory, urinary tract infection, meningitis and pyrexia of unknown origin in group II. Quinolones, Penicillin and Cephalosporins were the commonly used groups of antibiotics with statistical difference in group 2 than group 1. Prolonged hospital stay in group II with high statistical difference than group I [14.07 +/- 8.68 versus 4.57 +/- 3.29] [P<0.001]. The improved outcome were significantly higher in group 1 than group 2 and the not improved outcome [frequent admission, escape from hospital and university hospital referral] were higher in group 2 than group 1 and it correlate with duration of splenectomy

[Alcohol use in hospitalized patients at Hazrat-e-Rasoul Hospital]

This study assessed the rate of alcohol use in hospitalized patients at a general hospital in Iran. In a cross-sectional descriptive study, 571 patients from 11 wards of Hazrat-e-Rasoul Hospital were evaluated by a demographic questionnaire. The Pediatrics, Emergency, ICU, and CCU wards were excluded from the study. The sampling was implemented through the nonrandomized convenient method. The rate of current alcohol use was 9.6% [8.9% in males and 0.7% in females]; in all 25.4% of the patients [22.8% in males and 2.6% in females] reported to alcohol use in their lifetime. The highest rates of current alcohol use were observed in the orthopedic ward [25.3%], the 15-29 years old age group [47.3%], and the patients with education under high school diplomas [56.4%]. The rate of current alcohol use was 54.5% in married patients while in single, divorced, or widows, the rate was 45.5%. The weekly alcohol consumption was the most frequently reported pattern of current use [34.5%]. There is a considerable prevalence of alcohol use among the patients in a general hospital. Attending to its impact on presentation and treatment of various diseases is essential