Analysis of community colorectal cancer screening in 50-74 years old people in Guangzhou, 2015-2016 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To analyze the effect of colorectal cancer screening in the general population in Guangzhou, and provide evidence for the for development of colorectal cancer screening policy and strategy. Methods: The data of colorectal cancer screening in Guangzhou during 2015- 2016 were collected. The participation, the positive rate of fecal occult blood test, the detection rate of colonoscopy and screening effect of colonoscopy were evaluated. Results: A total of 220 834 residents aged 50-74 years received the screening, and the positive rate of the screening was 16.77% (37 040 cases). Colonoscopy was performed for 7 821 cases (21.12%). Colorectal lesions were found in 4 126 cases (52.76%), of which 614 (7.85%) and 73 (0.93%) and 230 (2.94%) were identified as advanced adenoma, severe dysplasia lesions and colorectal cancers, respectively. The detection rates of all colorectal lesions were higher in men than in women (all P<0.01). The diagnostic rate of early lesion was 87.24%, and 99 early cancer cases were found, accounting for 46.26% of the total cases. The overall screening detection rate of colorectal cancer was 104.15/100 000, higher than the incidence rate (81.18/100 000) in colorectal cancer surveillance (P<0.001), but age group <70 years had higher detection rate, age group ≥70 years had higher incidence rate. Conclusions: The colorectal cancer screening strategy in Guangzhou is effective in the detection of the population at high risk, increase the detection rate of colorectal lesions, early diagnosis rate of precancerous lesions and diagnosis rate of early colorectal cancer. The benefit in those aged ≤69 years was more obvious than that in those aged 70-74 years. It is necessary to improve the compliancy of colorectal cancer screening in population at high risk.

Prevalence of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder in children in China: a systematic review and Meta-analysis / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To understand the prevalence of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children in China and provide scientific basis for early prevention and treatment of ADHD in children. Methods: A systematic literature retrieval was conducted by using CNKI, Wanfang data, CBM and VIP databases for the information about the prevalence of ADHD in children in China published from 1979 to 2017. Pubmed database was used to retrieve the literatures about ADHD prevalence in children in China published from 1946 to 2017. The quality of literature was evaluated based on the cross-sectional study criteria according to STROBE statement. Stata 12.0 was used for combined prevalence and subgroup analyses, including gender, regions, publication year, diagnostic criteria, sampling methods, and so on. Egger testing and the evaluation of funnel graph were used to evaluate the publication bias of these literatures, and sensitivity analysis was done by using different models and eliminating the influence of any one of these articles on combined effect value. Results: Twenty articles were included. The total sample size was 88 755, including 46 216 boys and 42 539 girls. The prevalence of ADHD in children in China was 5.6% (95%CI: 5.0%-6.3%). The prevalence was 7.7% (95%CI: 6.7%-8.8%) in boys and 3.4% (95%CI: 3.0%-3.8%) in girls, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). No statistically significance difference in the ADHD prevalence was observed between different regions publication years, diagnostic criteria and sampling methods. Conclusions: The prevalence of ADHD in children in China was high, and boys tended to have a higher prevalence compared with girls. Appropriate screening methods for early detection and intervention conduction of ADHD should be taken among children in China.

Surveillance data on notifiable infectious diseases among students aged 6-22 years in China, 2011-2016 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of notifiable infectious diseases among Chinese students from 2011 to 2016 and to provide reference for the effective prevention and control programs on infectious disease among students. Methods: Both morbidity and mortality of notifiable infectious diseases among Chinese students aged 6-22 years from 2011 to 2016 were analyzed, with main characteristics of the disease described. Results: During 2011 to 2016, morbidities of Categories A, B and C infectious diseases among the Chinese students aged 6-22 years showed a decreasing trend, from 248.24/100 000 in 2012 to 158.57/100 000 in 2016. Mortality rates of Category A, B and C infectious diseases had also decreased from 0.12/100 000 in 2011 to 0.07/100 000 in 2016. The average morbidity of the top four diseases from Category A and B infectious diseases appeared as: tuberculosis (16.24/100 000), scarlet fever (9.39/100 000), hepatitis B (7.69/100 000) and bacillary and amebic dysentery (7.15/100 000). The average rates of mortality on the top four diseases appeared as: rabies (0.044 8/100 000), HIV/AIDS (0.027 7/100 000), tuberculosis (0.008 0/100 000) and Japanese encephalitis (0.005 9/100 000). The average rates of morbidity on the top four diseases appeared as: mumps (75.81/100 000), hand-foot-mouth disease (28.55/100 000), other infectious diarrhea (22.41/100 000) and influenza (15.67/100 000) in the Category C. Reported death cases were from hand-foot-mouth disease (11 cases), influenza (9 cases), mumps (1 case) and rubella (1 case). The prevalence rates varied among different student populations, with higher HIV/AIDS, hepatitis B and tuberculosis rates among college and senior high school students, while higher mumps, influenza and hand-foot-mouth disease rates among primary school and junior high school students. Conclusions: Both morbidity and mortality of notifiable infectious diseases among Chinese students aged 6-22 years had decreased significantly in 2011-2016. However, the major infectious diseases had become new challenges among students. HIV/AIDS had become a key infectious disease among college students and the relatively high prevalence of tuberculosis was seen in college and high school students.

ultrastructural effects of sulfachloropyrazine on Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites

Toxoplasmosis is one of the most common parasitic infections of humans and other mammals. This study was aimed to understand the mechanism of action of veterinary medicine-sulfachloropyrazine [SPZ, 99.97%] against Toxop/asma gondii. T. gondii tachyzoites were soaked in PBS [as a control] or SPZ [250 mg/mL] for 2 h at 37 °C. After being processed, any ultrastructural changes of the tachyzoites that had occurred were observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy [SEM] and Transmission Electron Microscopy [TEM]. The tachyzoites from control groups with a uniform size had a smooth surface and intact cell or nuclear membranes. In addition, an oval-shaped nucleus, conoids and micronemes were also observed. By contrast, many parasites from the SPZ-treated groups were detrimentally affected by the treatment. Some appeared to be of the vacuolization in their cytoplasm, with the substantial reduction in the number of dense granules and the blur of some organelles. The morphology and ultrastructure of tachyzoites can be affected significandy by SPZ, which might kill the parasite by inhibiting its energy metabolism, inducing apoptosis and damaging its structure. The study provides an experimental basis for further study on the mechanism of SPZ against T. gondii