[Repelling property of the methalonic and hexanic extracts of Sambucus ebulus L. against the Culex pipiens: in-vitro study]

Background and Objective: The anti inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant of Sambucus ebulus L. have been reported in several studies. This study was done to assess the repelling property of the methalonic and hexanic extracts of Sambucus ebulus L. against the Culex pipiens

Methods: In this experimental study, Sambucus ebulus L. collected from the natural inhabitants of Mazandran province in northern Iran. Methalonic and hexanic extraction were provided from the leaf and fruit of Sambucus ebulus L. Concentration of 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg was prepared. 0.4 ml of the extract prepared and was spreed on the albino skin area of 4×6 cm2. After 30 minutes the number of the mosquito [Culex pipiens] bites on the skin was recorded. N, Ndiethyl-3 methyl benzamide was considered as positive control

Results: The highest repelling property of the Sambucus ebulus L. belonged to the concentration of 250 mg/kg of leaf and fruit extraction. The highest repelling effect was 80% and 66.8% for leaf methalonic and hexanic extract, respectively. The highest repelling effect was 84% and 72% for fruit metalonic and hexanic extract, respectively [P<0.05]

Conclusion: The methalonic extract of Sambucus ebulus L. had higher repelling efficiency compared to the hexanic extract. The fruit extract also had better effect than the leaf extract

[Effects of the anti-diabetic and anti-neuropathy effects of onosma dichroanthum in an experimental model of diabetes by streptozocin in mice]

Introduction: Diabetes is a metabolic disease with hyperglycemia, decrease in insulin secretion or de-sensitization of peripheral cells to insulin. Onosma is a species of Boraginaceae which although it is used in traditional medicine for its anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibiotic properties, data on its anti-diabetic effects are limited. This research has been designed to assess its' anti-diabetc, anti-neuropathy and anti-oxidative stress effects in an in-vivo model of diabetes

Materials and Methods: Hydroalcoholic extract was prepared from over-ground organs, [shoots and leaves] and underground organs [roots], and administered by gavage [50 mg/kg] for 3 weeks to mice in a streptozocin induced diabetic model. After the treatment period, blood glucose, weight and neuropathy were determined and for positive control, metformin [50 mg/kg] was used. After removing the brain and liver of mice and homogenization of tissues, the MDA and Glutathione contents of the tissues have been assayed by a colorimetric method

Results: Results of this research show that hydroalcoholic extract of Onosma d. has anti-diabeti properties which have beneficial effects for some parameters such as hypoglycemia and reducing MDA, the effect of underground organs as roots extracts were better. However for increasing weight, diminishing neuropathy and increasing GSH contents, the effects of over-ground organs as leaves and shoots extracts were more significant

Conclusion: Results of this research indicate the anti-diabetic and anti-neuropathy properties of Onosma dichroanthum as a herbal medicine, related to its anti-oxidant abilities and limited side effects, can hence be used for treatment with other anti-diabetic drugs

[Evaluation of antiemetic effect of metabolic, aesthetic and aqueous extracts of Citrus aurantium L. on chicken]

Background and Objective: The flowers of Citrus aurantium L. are traditionally used in the treatment of neurological disorders such as seizures, epilepsy and neurasthenia. With regard to the importance of nausea and vomiting and effects of strengthening the stomach of Citrus aurantium L. extract, this study, was done to determine the antiemetic effect of the metabolic, aesthetic and aqueous extract of flowers of Citrus aurantium L. in young chickens

Methods: In this experimental study, induction of emesis was performed in 138 young chickens [23 groups, n=6] using copper sulfate [60 mg/kg, orally] and ipecac [600 mg/kg, orally]. The aqueous, methanolic and acetonic extract at doses of 50, 100 and 250 mg/kg/bw were injected intraperitoneally [i.p.] and metoclopramide [as positive control]. The number of nausea was recorded 50 and 20 minutes after copper sulfate and ipecac administration, respectively

Results: Our results showed that all kind of extract at doses of 100 and 250 mg/kg significantly inhibited copper sulfate and ipecac induced-emesis that showed better effect than metoclopramide. Also, comparison of antiemetic effect of different extract revealed that methanolic, aqueous and acetonic had better effect on prevention of nausea, respectively in comparision with metoclopramide

Conclusion: All kinds of Citrus aurantium [Methanolic, Aesthetic and Aqueous] showed antiemetic effect due to copper sulfate and ipecac dose dependly in Young chickenin in comparision with metoclopramide

In vitro-in vivo studies of the quantitative effect of calcium, multivitamins and milk on single dose ciprofloxacin bioavailability / 药物分析学报

Ciprofloxacin, commonly used in India as an anti-microbial for prolonged use in chronic and non-specific indications, may affect the bioavailability of the drug. The drug prescribed is commonly taken with multivitamins, calcium and milk. A simple and reliable analytical methodology obtaining a correlation with in vivo urinary excretion studies using UV and HPLC and in vitro dissolution studies (IVIVC) has shown a significant increase in elimination rate of ciprofloxacin co-administered with multivitamins, calcium and milk. Appreciable IVIVC results proved that dissolution studies could serve as an alternative to in vivo bioavailability and also support bio-waivers.

role of sentinel lymph-node biopsy in managing lip squamous cell carcinoma patients without clinical evidence of nodal metastasis

Squamous cell carcinoma [SCC] of the lip is a common oral malignancy. Lymph node metastasis occurs lately in the natural history of the disease but it is associated with poor outcome. Sentinel lymph node biopsy [SLNB] is an option that determines the potentially affected lymph nodes especially in clinically negative-node patients. The study aims to determine the feasibility of SLNB as a reliable staging tool in N0 stage lip SCC patients. Eighteen patients with N0 stage lip SCC were enrolled in the study. They were subjected to SLNB using the injection of the radiocolloid material and the Blue dye. The procedure was followed by bilateral supraomohyoid neck dissection in all patients. The pathological results of the harvested sentinel lymph nodes [SLNs] were compared with that of the dissection specimen in each patient. The patent blue dye could localize the SLN in 15/18 patients whilst the radioisotope scanning could successfully identify it in 17/18 patents. On average, 1.8 SLNs were harvested from each patient. Two of seventeen patients with identified SLNs [11.8%] have positive nodal metastases. One of them has two SLNs and the other has only one. No false negativity was reported in the study as all the excised SLNs reflected correctly the status of the lymph node basin. Sentinel lymphadenectomy is a safe and feasible procedure in managing neck of patients with node-negative lip SCC. It can accurately stage these patients

[Evaluation of analgesic effects of intrathecal eugenol in male rats]

Eugenol, the most important substance of clove plant [Eugenia caryophyllata] extract, has been widely used as a local relief for pain and inflammation in dentistry. To our knowledge, the beginning time and duration time of intrathecal injection of eugenol were not determined. Thus the purpose of this study was to investigate the analyesic effects of intrathecal injection of eugenol regarding the beginning and duration time, using thermal pain method [water: 52°C] in male rats. In this experimental study, 51 male Wistar rats, were divided into three groups of eugenol [5, 10 and 15 microl] and three groups of normal saline [5, 10 and 15 microl]. Lumbar intrathecal catheters were implanted under anesthesia. Five days later, different volumes of eugenol and normal saline [5, 10 and 15 microl /rat] were administrated intrathecally and the withdrawal tail responses to high temperature [51°C] water [tail immersion] at different times intervals [pre-catheterization, pre-administration, 10, 30, 180, 360, 720, 1440 minutes after eugenol administrations] were evaluated. Data were analyzed using one and two way ANOVA and LSD post hoc tests. Eugenol induced analgesia dose-dependently. Furthermore, eugenol at higher doses induced longer analgesic effect [P<0.05]. Higher doses of eugenol caused long term paralysis and immobility. The beginning time of analgesia was 10 minutes after injection of eugenol and maximum analgesia was seen after 30 minutes [P<0.05]. The observed analgesic effect of intrathecal eugenol can be helpful in the clinical use at the future

Experimental study of smear layer and debris remaining following the use of four root canal preparation systems using scanning electron microscopy

Since the use of rotary nickel titanium instruments is an essential part of endodontic treatment, it is important to compare the root canal cleaning ability of these instruments. The aim of this study was to compare the amount of smear layer and debris remaining following the use of four rotary instruments: MTwo, Pro Taper, Race and BioRaCe. A total of 20 mesiobuccal canals of extracted human first molars with apical root curvature of 10 to 20 were selected. Working length of all roots was 19 mm. The roots were randomly divided into four groups of 30 specimens. After the preparation of access cavity, the roots were instrumented using rotary instruments according to the manufacturer's instructions. After each file, the root canal was irrigated with 2.5%sodium hypochlorite. Then the roots were studied under scanning electron microscope. The smear layer and debris scoreswere evaluated by 2 endodontistsusingSchafer and Schlingemannclassification. Kruskal -Wallis and Dunn tests were used for statistical analysis of results. The amount of smear layer produced by MTwo was lower than the other instrumentation techniques and it was significantly lower than that in BioRaCe system [p<0.05]. The amount of debris was also lower in the mentioned group but the difference in this respect between groups was not significant. BioRaCe system had the highest level of remained smear layer while Pro Taper had the highest amount of remained debris. Within the limitations of this study, it was revealed that MTwo instruments had greater capability of removing smear layer and debris than theBioRaCe system

[Relationship between cognitive emotion regulation styles and general health among university students]

This research is about the relationship between Cognitive Emotion Regulation Styles and General Health in C.A students of Tabriz University. The subjects of this research are 300 students of Tabriz University that were selected through simple random sampling. Then they were administered cognitive emotion regulation correlational coefficient, stepwise regression analysis, independent t test, and one-way analysis of variance. The results indicated significant relation between cognitive emotion regulation styles and psychological health. Catastrophising and blaming others styles, belonged to maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation and positive refocusing, and positive reappraisal styles belonged to adaptive cognitive emotion regulation were significant predictors of psychological health. The catastrophising style did have more roles in predicting the psychological health. Also it is revealed that boys more than girls' use self blame style but they have more psychological health than girls as well. Cognitive emotion regulation styles are useful for behavioral interventions

[Acute effects of an aerobic exhaustive incremental exercise session on serum leptin and plasma lipids]

Discovery of leptin has led to numerous experiments for better understand of its function, and many of these studies have focused on leptin's response to both acute exercise and exercise training. The aim of this research was the investigation of acute effects of an aerobic exhaustive incremental exercise session on serum leptin and plasma lipids in trained men 19-26 years old. Voluntary twenty four trained divided into trained [12 subjects] and control [12 subjects] groups, randomly. Exercise session includes Astrand exhaustive incremental test on treadmill which have been done between 8-10 am. Blood sampling gathered pretest, post test and 9 hours after training. For data analysis we have employed two way repeated measures ANOVA, paired T-Test and Pearson correlation coefficient using SPSS software, version 15.Results demonstrated serum leptin immediately increase after training in control group but this change statistically was not significant [p>0.05]. Plasma LDL-c and total cholesterol significantly increase immediately after training in pretest values [p<0.033]. Significantly negative correlation was found between serum leptin immediately after test and pretest plasma LDL-c in trained group [r=-0.65, p<0.022]. In general, there are not any significant differences between two control and trained groups in any measured blood factors during three bouts measurement. An aerobic exhaustive incremental exercise session statistically has not acute effect on serum leptin in trained men 19-26 years old

[Influence of aerobic and anaerobic exercise on the reproductive hormones, cortisol and prolactin in male]

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of aerobic and anaerobic exercise on reproductive hormones in male. 45 subjects performed three randomized trials on separate groups, [1] aerobic group, [2] anaerobic group, [3] control group. Aerobic group performed continuous exercise with 65% [VO2max] and anaerobic group performed interval exercise with 100% [VO2max]. Pre and post of the exercise blood samples were collected and analyzed for testosterone, luteinizing [LH], follicle-stimulating [FSH], prolactin and cortisol hormones. Diet, physical activity and circadian influences were all controlled. Compared with the control, the aerobic and anaerobic groups significantly [P<0/05] elevated testosterone, prolactin and cortisol. Neither exercise produced significant [P<0/05] changes of FSH. LH in the aerobic group did not change but in anaerobic group was significantly elevated in comparison with the control group. This study has shown that there are not any correlations between testosterone and LH in the aerobic group which is a normal function of hypothalamus-hypophysis-axis and this is due to the low level of testosterone endurance athletes doing stamina sports. Also significant increase was found between testosterone and prolactin of both experimental groups which is similar to other reports and aims of present study as well

effect of 15% carbamide peroxide bleaching on the shear bond strength of composite to enamel

Carbamide peroxide bleaching has been implicated to adversely affect the bond strength of composite to enamel. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of carbamide peroxide bleaching on the shear bond strength of composite to bleached enamel bonded with a three step total etch system; Scotchbond Multipurpose [SBMP], and two simplified all-in-one systems; Prompt L-Pop [PLP] and i bond. Seventy two human molar teeth were randomly assigned to three control and three experimental groups. The experimental groups were subjected to a%15 carbamide peroxide bleaching system. Twenty four hours later, all the control and experimental groups were bonded with cylinders of composite, using three dental bonding agents. After thermocycling, shear bond strengths were determined by a universal testing machine. The data were evaluated using one way ANOVA and Duncan tests [P < 0.05]. The composite bond strengths of SBMP were 19.52 +/- 15.21 MPa to the unbleached and 7.95 +/- 4.16 MPa to the bleached enamel. For PLP, the unbleached enamel exhibited bond strengths of 9.6612.89 MPa and, the bleached one showed a bond strength value of 5.3910.66 MPa. For i-bond the composite bond strengths were 11.46 +/- 4.31 MPa to the unbleached and 6.41 +/- 2.01 MPa to the bleached enamel. There was a statistically significant difference between the shear bond strength of the control and experimental groups of each dental bonding agent [SBMP, P < 0.001, PLP, P < 0.001, i bond: P = 0.002]. Bleaching with 15% carbamide peroxide used in this study reduced the bond strengths of the composite to the enamel bonded with a three step total etch and two simplified one step all-in-one dental bonding agents

Bioactive glass nanopowder for the treatment of oral bone defects

Osseous defects around dental implants are often seen when implants are placed in areas with inadequate alveolar bone, or around failing implants. Bone regeneration in these areas using bone grafts or its substitutes may improve dental implants prognosis. The aim of this study was to prepare and characterize the bioactive glass nanopowder and development of its coating for treatment of oral bone defects. Bioactive bioglass coating was made on stainless steel plates by sol-gel technique. The powder shape and size was evaluated by transmission electron micropscopy, and thermal properties studied using differential thermal analysis [DTA]. Structural characterization techniques [XRD] were used to analyze and study the structure and phase present in the prepared bioactive glass nanopowder. This nanopowder was immersed in the simulated body fluid [SBF] solution. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy [FTIR] was utilized to recognize and confirm the formation of apatite layer on prepared bioactive glass nanopowder. The bioglass powder size was less than 100 nanometers which was necessary for better bioactivity, and preparing a homogeneous coating. The formation of apatite layer confirmed the bioactivity of the bioglass nanopowder. Crack-free and homogeneous bioglass coatings were achieved with no observable defects. It was concluded that the prepared bioactive glass nanopowder could be more effective as a bone replacement material than conventional bioactive glass to promote bone formation in osseous defects. The prepared bioactive glass nanopowder could be more useful for treatment of oral bone defects compare to conventional hydroxyapatite or bioactive glass

Effect of different blood contaminated adherent surface treatments on shear bond strength of compomer and composite resin to dentin, using a self etching adhesive

Blood contamination is a common problem in dentistry that can decrease bond strength dramatically which may be affected by methods of decontamination as well. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the influence of blood contamination on shear bond strength of composite and compomer to dentin using Prompt L-Pop as an adhesive system. Also, to assess the effectiveness of different surface treatments on the bond strength. In this experimental study, 120 molar teeth were sectioned to provide flat occlusal dentinal surfaces. Specimens were embedded in acrylic resin with the flat surface exposed. The dentinal expose surfaces were polished to 600 grit. The teeth were randomly divided into five groups of twelve specimens [F1-F5] for compomer material and five other groups [Z1- Z5] for composite resin. After application of Promt L-Pop to dentinal surfaces of specimens, the surfaces in all groups, except for F1 and Z1, [as controls] were contaminated with human blood and then one of the following surface treatments was applied. Groups F2 and Z2 without any treatment, groups F3 and Z3 rinsing with water, groups F4 and Z4 rinsing with water and reapplication of adhesive, groups F5 and Z5 rinsing with NaOCl and using Prompt L-Pop again. Restorative materials were applied to treated surfaces using plastic molds. After thermocycling, shear bond strengths, mode of failures and morphology of dentin-material interfaces were evaluated. The data were statistically analyzed using Factorial analysis of Variance, One-Way ANOVA, Duncan, T-student and Chi-Square tests with P<0.05 as the limit of significance. Compomer showed statistically significant higher bond strength in comparison to composite [P<0.001]. Duncan test showed significant differences between all compomer groups, except between groups F4 and F5, and between all composite groups except for groups Z1 and Z4 and for groups Z2 and Z3. Based on the findings of this study, shear bond strength of compomer material was significantly higher than composite. Blood contamination reduced bond strength, but rinsing contaminated dentin with water or NaOCl and reusing Prompt L-Pop increased bond strength in both materials

Videothoracoscopic left splanchnicectomy in a patient with intractable pain due to advanced pancreatic cancer

Severe upper abdominal pain is a dominant and distressing feature of advanced pancreatic cancer. We performed videothoracoscopic left splanchnicectomy in a patient with intractable upper abdominal pain due to advanced pancreatic cancer. Pain was reduced significantly after the operation and the patient enjoyed consistent pain relief during the postoperative follow-up. The adequacy of the analgesic management improved, the patient did not require opioids. Unilateral left thoracoscopic splanchnicectomy is a simple, minimally invasive, effective, and safe procedure that can be recommended as the method of choice for the management of intractable pain due to advanced pancreatic cancer

[ effect of an adhesive system, surface roughness and irregularities on shear bond strength of repaired amalgam]

When an amalgam restoration fails, the repair of existing amalgam restoration with fresh amalgam can be a practical alternative to the replacement of entire restoration. In most studies the bond strength of fresh amalgam to old amalgam is reported lower than the old amalgam itself. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the effect of using adhesive system with surface irregularities and roughness on shear bond strength between fresh and set [old] amalgam. Fifty acrylic cylinders were made and a cavity preparation [6mm diameter by 2 mm high] was made in each cylinder. Forty cavities were filled with amalgam, level with cylinders surface and ten cylinders [control group =Group 1] were filled 5mm higher than the surface of cylinder using split die. After aging of all samples in water at 37°C for 14 days, the first 40 samples were divided into 4 groups and were repaired with fresh amalgam in the following manner. Group 2: with surface irregularities and roughness, group 3: using Panavia F, without surface irregularities and roughness, Group 4: using cement and surface irregularities and roughness, group 5: without cement and without surface irregularities and roughness. After storage in water at 37°C for 7 days, the shear bond strengths of groups were tested. Mean shear bond strengths and standard deviations [MPa] for groups were: in Group 1 [control]: 36 +/- 4.8, Group 2: 31.26 +/- 2.70, Group 3: 8.07 +/- 1.34, Group 4: 13.05 +/- 1.83 and in Group 5 no bond was seen. ANOVA revealed statistically significant difference among groups Duncan test indicated that there was a significant difference between each group with the other one. Results of this study didn't reveal any advantages for using Panavia F to increase the bond strength. According to the results obtained from making surface roughness and irregularities compared to the control group, this procedure can be suggested for repairing broken amalgam as an acceptable procedure