[Risk factors and the most common initial symptoms of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children]

The factors involve in Leukemia are not fully understood. However, research has shown the relationship between this disorder and some risk factors. The aim of this study was to determine risk factors involved in acute lymphoblastic leukemia and its most prevalent clinical manifestations in children residing in Khorasan province. It was a case - control study. The adequate sample size was 100 cases and 400 controls. Controls were matched with cases regarding their sex, age and habitation. Data was collected by face to face interview with patients' mothers and the questionnaires were completed by the investigator. Data was analyzed by conditional logistic regression using SPSS-PC [v.14]. According to the findings of this study, maternal use of oral contraceptives, living in proximity to high voltage power lines, in-utero ionizing radiation exposure, pesticide exposure in fathers and paternal occupation and parental smoking had a significant relation with this type of cancer [p<0.05].the most prevalent mitial clinical manifestations were lethargy and weakness, fever, leg pain, cervical lymphadenopathy, bleeding, abdominal pain and cold symptoms respectively. According to the results of this study, it seems that environmental factors play an important role in etiology of this kind of cancer. Knowledge abort this fact helps us to find appropriate ways to prevent this disease in children

[Analysis of relation between time management behaviors and occupational stress of medical surgical ward's Head Nurses of educational hospitals depend on Shaheed Beheshti Medical University]

This is a correlation or association research which is aimed at analysis of relation between time management behaviors [setting goal and priorities, mechanics of time management, control of time and organization] and occupational stress [role overload, role ambiguity and role conflict] of Medical Surgical ward's Head nurses of educational hospitals depend on Shaheed Beheshti Medical University. 30 Head nurses [all of the samples] participate in this research. A questionnaire which had 32 questions and an observation sheet which had 20 items were used to measure time management behaviors [T.M.B] of Head nurses. In addition 10 questions was related to personal characteristics. For determination occupational stress a questionnaire which had 15 questions was used. For data analysis X[2] and pearson correlation coefficient were used. The result indicate that in general most of nurses in our sample located in good level of T.M.B. In addition most of sample [50%] experience occupational stress in the normal level. There was no meaningful relationship between occupational stress and personal characteristic Finally Meaningful relation is seen between T.M.B and occupational stress [r=-0.81 P<0.001]