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Objective:To investigate the effects of a herb complex extract (HCE) prepared from Cornus officinalis Sieb. Et Zucc., Eriobotrya japonica Lindley, and olive leaves on immune response of mouse spleen NK cells in vitro and in vivo analysis.Methods:The activity of natural killer (NK) cells was measured in splenocytes and YAC-1 cells. Mice were immunosuppressed using cyclophosphamide (5 mg/kg body weight). Three different doses of HCE (200, 400, and 800 mg/kg body weight) and red ginseng extract (800 mg/kg body weight) which was used as standard immunomodulatory herb were administered orally for 4 weeks. The body weight, dietary, water intake, organs (liver, thymus, and spleen) weight, completed blood count, and cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha, interferon gamma, and interleukin-2) production was measured.Results:At the maximum concentration of HCE, the activity of NK cells was increased by 48.5%. HCE increased liver, spleen, and thymus weights without altering numbers of white blood cells, lymphocytes, and neutrophils in a cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression rat model. However, HCE recovered the inhibited cytokine expression; HCE (800 mg/kg) increased cytokines levels. The results indicate the immune enhancement potential of this HCE.Conclusion:The HCE enhances immunity by increasing NK cell activity, regulating cytokine levels, and maintaining spleen weight. Therefore, it may be used as a potential immunity enhancer.
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Background: In this study, we retrospectively reviewed the treatment outcome of 63 patients with T1 early glottic cancer treated with RT alone to determine the treatment outcome and the prognostic factors affecting local control
Materials and Methods: All patients were treated by 6 MV photons with conventional bilateral fields up to a median dose of 66 Gy in 33 fractions
Results: The 5-year local control rate and overall survival were 77.7% and 93.1%, respectively. The total radiation dose with a cut-off value of 66 Gy was a significant prognostic factor for local control. The 5-year local control rate was 54.5% in patients treated with less than 66 Gy compared to 85.7% in patients treated with 66 Gy or higher dose [p = 0.014]. In subgroup analysis, in patients who received 66 Gy or higher doses, all recurrences developed in whose overall treatment time was 49 days or longer, although the statistical significance was marginal [p = 0.066]
Conclusion: This study showed that a total dose of 66 Gy or higher is required for the treatment of T1 glottic cancer, and delivering the total dose within 49 days seems important for local control
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Background: Dental hygiene departments in Korean institutions of higher education regularly use radiography systems for educating students. Despite reports indicating that exposure doses from these radiation-generating devices are small, and thus, present low risks for causing physical harm or chromosomal abnormalities, the large numbers of people who participate in oral examinations involving dental radiography raise questions about the optimal methods for managing radiation safety
Materials and Methods: Social cognitive theory incorporating major variables pertaining to radiation safety management derived from the Haddon Matrix was used. This model proposes and refines an approach for enhancing the radiation safety behaviors of both professors and students in Korea's collegiate dental hygiene departments
Results: The results of the study indicate that professors respond most favorably to stated expectations for accomplishing effective radiation safety management; thus model proposes that enhancing safety behaviors among professors depends upon cultivating organizational environments with clear expectations. Students, in contrast, engage in desirable radiation safety management behaviors when they can display self-efficacy; thus, the model proposes that personal education that enhances their practical knowledge for engaging in desired behaviors is most desirable
Conclusion: To enhance the current radiation safety management behaviors of the collegiate dental hygiene departments in Korea, it will be helpful to establish a strategy arising from the model developed here