RESUMO
It is commonly acknowledged that the most safe and method of choice anesthesia in birds is inhalation anesthesia but in some clinical situations, such as tracheal resection, injectable anesthetic agents are the only choice of surgeons regardless of whether or not an anesthesia machine is available. This study aimed to compare the quality of anesthesia and recovery time of isoflurane and propofol in domestic pigeons. Twenty pigeons [Columba livia domesticus], weighing 302.5 +/- 37.95g [Mean +/- SD] were randomly allocated to two groups often. One group was anesthetized by isoflurane [Iso-group], and the anesthesia lasted for 30 minutes. The other group received 14 mg/kg of propofol [1%] at constant rate [CRI] through basilica [wing] vein catheter to induce anesthesia [Pro-group]. 1.33 mg/kg per min of propofol was infused to keep pigeons anesthetized for 30 minutes, using an injection pump. Temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, and percentage of oxygen saturation of hemoglobin [SpO2%] were recorded in all three phases including before induction of anesthesia, during anesthesia at minutes 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30, and after recovery time in both groups. Anesthesia caused significant effects on respiratory rate, heart rate, and SpO2% [p<0.05]. Recovery times in both groups were significantly different [longer in propofol group]. Our findings revealed that the pigeons anesthetized with isoflurane have a soft and fast anesthesia; however, the pigeons were anesthetized with propofol, had a rough induction that was not uniform for all pigeons. Isoflurane showed that it is safer than propofol to anesthetize pigeons
RESUMO
Most studies regarding the marrow-derived equine mesenchymal stem cells [MSCs] have mainly focused on the cell transplantation without considering the capacity of differentiation and in vitro requirements of the cells. These concerns were investigated in the present study. Equine MSCs were isolated from the sternal marrow aspirates and expanded through two successive subcultures. Passage-2 equine MSC cultures were then treated with appropriate supplements in order to examine the cell osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic differentiation potential. Furthermore, the culture of the cells was investigated in terms of the optimal concentration of fetal bovine serum [FBS] and the initial cell-seeding density. Additionally, a growth curve was plotted for the cells to study their growth characteristics. According to our findings, equine MSCs were easily generated specialized bone, cartilage and adipose cell lineages as confirmed by specific staining and RT-PCR analysis. Moreover, the cells exhibited rapid expansion when being cultivated in the medium with 15% FBS at 100 cells/cm[2]. Growth curves indicated that these cells rapidly entered the log phase after a brief lag [adaptation] period. In summary, marrow-derived equine MSCs possess tripotent differentiation capacity and rapid growth rate in the appropriate culture conditions