[Prevalance of infraorbital ethmoid [Haller's] air cell on CT image in patients over 6 years of age]

Infraorbital ethmoid air cells are extensions of anterior ethmoid sinus into the floor of the orbit and superior aspect of the maxillary sinus. Such anatomical variations may result sinusitis, mucocele, retention cyst and headache. CT scan is commonly used for imaging infraorbital ethmoid cells. The aim of present study was: To determine the prevalence of infraorbital ethmoid cells on CT Image in patients over 6 years of age. In this descriptive analytic study, 190 CT Cronal Images [91 women and 99 men] were examined for infraorbital ethmoid cells and their characteristics Other data such as age, sex, involved side, history or symptom of sinusitis, and sinus disorder were recordedusing a questionnaire Data analysis were done in spss statistical softwere by chi-squre test. Prevalance of infraorbital ethmoid [haller's] cells on CT Image in patients older than 6 years were 11. 6% [12.1% for men and 11% for women]. There was no statistically significant difference between men and women. The most frequency related to patient who were between 41-50 years old [24.1%] and the least frequent age was in patient under 20 years [0%]. Unilateral involvements [9.5%] were more than bilateral form [2.1%] and there was statistically significant difference between right and left sides. two patients [9.1%] with haller cells were multilocular, and 20 patients [90.9%] with haller cells were unilocularview. There was a satistically significant difference in haller's cell frequency between different shapes. ten patients [45.5%] with haller cells had history or symptoms of sinusitis and 3 patients [13.6%] with haller cells had retention cyst in CT Image. sixteen Patients [72.7%] with haller cells had narrowing of Infandibuloum on CT Images. According to the result of this study and the prevalence of infraorbital ethmoid cells on CT Image, Identification of these cells can help the dental professional, to diagnoses orofacial pain with origin of sinus

Immuno-modulation of cortisone-treated albino rats by thymoquinone

Thymoquinone is the active principle isolated from Nigella sativa seeds. It has shown potent anti-inflammatory effects and it has beneficial immunontodulatory properties. Although, cortisone has anti-inflammatory effects but it is one of the strongest known endogenous suppressors of the immune system. Cortisone increased chemotaxis of the white cells towards the Phosphate Buffer Saline [PBS] if it was injected intraperitonealy before thymoquinone while lead to a decrease if it was injected after thymoquinone. In contrast, the i.p injection of thymoquinone lead to a decrease if it was injected after cortisone while lead to increase if it was injected before cortisone. The i.p injection of cortisone and thymoquinone together didn't make observed changes. On the other hand, the chemotaxis of the white cells towards the antigen was increased at the 3[rd] week if cortisone was injected before thymoquinone and at the 4[th] week if it was injected after thymoquinone. While it was decreased slightly at the 5[th] week if cortisone and thymoquinone were injected together. The chemokinesis of white cells towards the PBS was decreased up to the end of experiniental time if cortisone was injected before thymoquinone while increased at the 5[th] week if it was injected after thymoquinone. It was decreased sharply at the 2[nd] week if cortisone and thymoquinone were injected together. On the other hand, the chemokinesis of white cells toward the antigen was decreased at the 7[th] week if cortisone was injected before thymoquinone and at the 8[th] week if it was injected after thymoquinone. Also, it was decreased sharply at the 2[nd] week if cortisone and thymoquinone were injected together. The results showed marked increase in percentage of Plaque Forming Cell [PFC] and Rosette Forming Cell [RFC], decrease in the agglutinating antibodies if cortisone was injected before or after thymoquinone while there was no marked change if they injected together, decrease in the total immunoglobulin level if cortisone was injected before or after thymoquinone while it was increased if cortisone and thymoquinone were injected together. It was clear that thymoquinone had an immune-modulatory effect on the immune-suppressive effect of cortisone and results showed that injection of thymoquinone with cortisone at the same time lead to higher effect than injecting it after or before cortisone

Histological study on the effect of thymoquinone -an immunomodulator- on duodenum and superior mesenteric lymph nodes of cortisone treated rats

Thymoquinone [TQ] was demonstrated as the major active component of Nigella sativa seed oil. It was reported that thymoquinone has an anti-inflammatory and immune-stimulatory effects. On the other hand, cortisone is one of the steroid hormones that used as an anti-inflammatory and immune-suppressor drug. In the present study, the effects of both thymoquinone and cortisone were studied on the histological structure of both duodenum and superior mesenteric lymph nodes of rats. It was noticed that there was an increase of the duodenum mucosal mucus-secreting cells and some nuclear changes in the nuclei of the Brunner's gland cells. There was an increase in number of macrophages, plasma cells and lymphocytes in the superior mesenteric lymph nodes. These findings were discussed according the anti-inflammatory and the immunestimulatory effects of thymoquinone as a point of view, and the anti-inflammatory and immune-suppressing effects of cortisone on another point of view. It was concluded that thymoquinone has an anti-inflammatory and immune sthnulatory effects on rat duodenum and superior mesenteric lymph nodes. However, more investigations are still in need to recommend the replacement of this natural ingredient instead of cortisone with its side effects

Expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors among Sudanese women with breast cancer: immunohistochemical study

Study design: This is a descriptive study to detect the level of Estrogen [ER] and Progesterone [PR] receptors in a sample of biopsies from Sudanese women with breast cancer presented at Khartoum teaching Hospital. Forty biopsies from breast cancer patients were examined with immunostaining using anti-sera to ER and PR as markers to detect receptors. All the specimens showed the typical histopathologic features of breast cancer. Immunoreactivity testing revealed positive ER in thirty-six patients [90%] and positive PR in thirty-one patients [77.5%]. Of the 36 ER positive samples, staining intensity was: strong in 20 [55.5%] moderate in 10 [27.7%] and weak in 6 [16.7%]. of the 31 PR positive samples, 15 [48.4%] showed strong staining, 7 [22.5%] moderate and 9 [29.0%] weak staining. the studied specimens showed high level of positive ER and PR receptors

[Primary sternal osteomyelitis. a case report]

Primary sternal osteomyelitis [PSO] is rare and of difficult premature diagnosis in pediatric population. We report a case of PSO complicated with abscess in a one and half-year-old child with a sickle cell disease. Surgery completed by antimicrobial treatment gave a good result and culture of aspirated materiel grew Salmonella Enteritidis