Impact of foliar spray of spherical nano-carbon and salicylic acid on physiological traits and parthenolide content in two feverfew cultivars [tanacetum parthenium linn. cv. pharmasaat and jelitto]

Background: Biotic and abiotic elicitors produce secondary metabolites and alter physiological traits of the plants by affecting some of the mechanisms within the plant cells

Objective: This study was aimed to investigate the effects of different concentrations of spherical nano-carbon and salicylic acid on physiological traits and paratolenolidae content in Feverfew

Methods: This research was conducted in a factorial experiment based on randomized completely design [CRD] under greenhouse conditions. The first factor was Feverfew cultivar with two levels [T.parthenium Linn. cv. Jelitto and T. parthenium Linn. cv. Pharmasaat], the second factor was foliar spray of spherical nano-carbon with 5 levels [0, 125, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/L] and the third factor was considered as foliar spray of salicylic acid with two levels [0 and 0.2 mM]

Results: The results showed that the cultivars, different concentrations of spherical nano-carbon, salicylic acid and their interactions had a significant effect on some of the studied traits. Two cultivars in the content of chlorophyll a and b and parthenolide showed significant differences at P<0.01. Also, the effect of spherical nano-carbon and salicylic acid concentrations on parethenolide content of extract was significant [P <0.01]. However, the highest content of parthenolide [24.22 Mug/0.1 g dry matter] was observed in pharmasaat and at the concentration of 500 mg/L spherical nano-carbon without salicylic acid application

Conclusion: Application of spherical nano-carbon at concentration of 500 mg/L along with 0.2 mM salicylic acid improved physiological traits and metabolic content of both cultivars

Comparison of chemical compounds and antioxidant and antibacterial properties of various satureja species growing wild in Iran

Background: Many members of the genus Satureja L. [Lamiaceae] have interesting pharmacological and biological properties

Objective: In this research, major essential oil [EO] compositions, rosmarinic acid [RA] content, and antioxidant and antibacterial properties of the leaf extracts of nine Satureja species [S. bachtiarica, S. mutica, S. sahandica, S. macrantha, S. atropatana, S. edmondi, S. spicigera, S. isophylla and S. intermedia] were assessed

Methods: The chemical composition of EO was determined using Gas Chromatography [GC] and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry [GC-MS] analysis. RA content of the extract was detected using a High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography [HPTLC] method, and the 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydracyl hydrate [DPPH] radical scavenging procedure was used to study of antioxidant capacity

Results: According to the analytical results, EO of the most samples were mainly composed of p-cymene, gamma-terpinene, thymol, and carvacrol. There was a wide variability for RA content among the studied species ranging from 0.03 mg g[-1] RA [S. sahandica] to 1.11 mg g[-1] RA [S. isophylla]. The lowest IC[50] in the radical scavenging assay was shown by S. sahandica extracts as compared to the other samples. This activity was followed by S. spicigera and S. edmondi. The minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] varied from 0.06 to 32 mg ml[-1], however, the minimum bactericidal concentration [MBC] value differed from 0.06 to >64 mg ml[-1]. Moreover, S. sahandica revealed the lowest inhibitory activity against all microorganisms tested particularly on E. coli

Conclusion: In conclusion, the extracts of certain Satureja species have the potential to be considered as alternatives for synthetic food preservatives and antibiotics

Essential oils composition, antioxidant activities and phenolics content of wild and cultivated satureja bachtiarica bunge plants of yazd origin

Satureja bachtiarica Bunge, an endemic species with relatively wide distribution, is traditionally used as a medicinal and spice plant in Iran. Essential oils composition, antioxidant activities and phenolics content of wild and cultivated S. bachtiarica of Yazd origin were determined in this study. Hydrodistilled essential oils were analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. Folin-Ciocalteu and A1C1[3] methods were served to determine total phenolics and flavonoids of methanol extracts, respectively. Antioxidant activities of the extracts were examined by DPPH and FRAP methods and their rosmarinic acid content was measured by using HPLC. The oil content of cultivated and wild plants was 1.8% and 0.9% v/w, respectively. Oxygenated monoterpens [78.3 - 79.5%] constituted the major fraction of essential oils with carvacrol [71.4% and 57.4% in cultivated and wild plants, respectively- Cymene [8.6 - 12.5%] was another major components of essential oils. Methanol extract from wild growing plants exhibited the higher levels antioxidant activities in both DPPH and FRAP methods [29.04 and 58.25 mg Trolox/g, respectively]. This extract also contained the higher amounts of total phenolics [24.5 mg caffeic acid /g sample], total flavonoids [87.99 mg catechin /g sample] and rosmarinic acid [3.73 mg/g dry weight] in comparison to cultivated ones [16.2 mg caffeic acid /g sample, 40.55 mg catechin /g sample and 1.73 mg/g dry weight, respectively]. Obtained results may be helpful for domestication of this plant and development of natural antioxidants for use in different industries

[ cerebrolysin efficacy in acute ischemic stroke]

Cerebrolysin, a preparation of low molecular weight neuropeptide and free amino acids, has been shown to have a great affect against excitotoxicity, inhibiting free radical formation, microglia activation and additionally neurotrophic action, promoting neuronal sprouting, and improving cellular survival and stimulating neurogenesis following stroke. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of Cerebrolysinon acute ischemic stroke. The present study was a randomised double blind clinical trial. The sample was 89 patients with confirmed the diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke. The patients divided in the intervention or control group with simple randomization. Patients in intervention group received 50ml Cerebrolysin diluted in 100ml normal saline solution [totally 150 ml] infused over a time period of 30 minutes for 7 days and for control group patients, administered just 150ml normal saline infusion. Patients were assessed on days 1,30 and 90 by Orgogozo, barthel index, MRS and NIHSS score. The findings indicated that the mean of scores at the end of the first month was increased in comparision with the first day, 1.68 in intervention and -10.95 in intervention and case groups respectively and these differences were meaningful statistically [p<0.05]. The comparison of scores at the end of three month treatment to the first day reported meaningful too [p<0.05]. The findings demonstrated that at the end of the third month as compared with the first day, added 1.68 to case group score and reduced -13.21 from the control group score. Cerebrolysin is efficient in acute ischemic stroke patients and decreases the tissue damage severity in these patients. On the other hand, presumably it can reduces disability of the disease

[Effect of ginger and chamomile capsules on nausea and vomiting in pregnancy]

Nausea and vomiting are the most frequent complications in the first trimester of pregnancy. Herbal medicine is among the traditional effective treatments. Ginger and Chamomile are hypothesized to be useful in decreasing the signs. This study was done to determine the effect of Ginger and Chamomile capsules on nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. This triple-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial was carried out on 105 pregnant women in 6-16 weeks of gestational age with a mild to moderate nausea and vomiting, whome referred to the prenatal care clinic in Dezyani hospital and health centers, Gorgan, Northern Iran during 2009-10. Rhodes index questionnaire had been given to all participants to be completed before bed-time for two weeks. In the first week no intervention was done and prescribing the capsules was started the following week. Subjects randomly divided into 3 groups: In group 1, ginger capsules were consumped twice a day for one week, in group 2; twice daily chamomile capsule and in placebo group, glucose capsule was prescribed. Scores were calculated and all data were entered into the SPSS-16 software, analysis was done using variance analysis, Will-Cockson, paired T and Fisher-exact tests. The mean of Rhodes index before intervention in plasbo, Ginger and Chamomile groups were 12.71 +/- 5.88, 10.42 +/- 0.76 and 11.19 +/- 5.51, respectively. Also, the mean of Rhodes index after intervention in plasbo, Ginger and Chamomile groups were 11.47 +/- 6.43, 7.28 +/- 3.74 and 5.73 +/- 4.32, respectively [P<0.05]. Bonferroni test indicated that there is no difference about scor chang [after and before] between Ginger and Chamomile and Ginger and plasbo, but this difference was significant between Chamomile and plasbo group [P<0.05]. This study showed that Chamomile capsule was more effective on nausea and vomiting during pregnancy compared to Ginger

[Electrocardiographic changes due to hyperkalemia in patients with acute and chronic renal failure undergoing chronic hemodialysis]

Hyperkalemia is a common disorder among renal failure patients and is considered as an important internal medicine emergency. On the other hand, considering the non-specific symptoms of hyperkalemia and its similarity to the underlying diseases' symptoms, the occurrence of dangerous side effects is probable. One of the most important effects is on myocardium. Considering the immature mechanism of potassium conformity in confrontation with hyperkalemia in Acute Renal Failure [ARF] patients, the toxic effects of hyperkalemia occurs in lower potassium levels. The aim of this study is comparing the EKG changes due to hyperkalemia in patients with acute and chronic renal failure undergoing chronic hemodialysis. The recent study was an analytic cross-sectional one performed on patients hospitalized in hemodialysis ward in Hashemi Nejad, Shohadaye-hafte- tir and Rasoul Akram hospitals, during 1382-1383. The serum electrolyte levels and EKG changes of 138 patients with End Stage Renal Disease [ESRD] who were under chronic hemodialysis and 91 patients with ARF, who were hospitalized in different wards, were measured and evaluated, using SPSS V.11 software and t and Chi Square tests Among 229 patients, 138 [60%] were ESRD patients who were under chronic hemodialysis and 91 [40%] had acute renal failure. The mean potassium level in ARF and ESRD patients were 5.66 +/- 1.2 and 5.77 +/- 0.91 mE/l which did not differ significantly [p=0.4]. In EKG evaluations, the mean height of T wave, R wave and T/R ratio in ARF patients were 6.3 +/- 2.4 mm, 5.7 +/- 2.1 mm and 1.3 +/- 0.9 mm respectively. These data in ESRD patients were 6 +/- 2.2 mm, 5.6 +/- 2.3 mm and 1.2 +/- 0.78 mm. No significant difference was seen among two groups [P = 0.3, 0.8 and 0.7]. In ARF and ESRD patients, there was a significant relationship between peaked tall T wave frequency and hyperkalemia severity [p<0.001]. In the simultaneous presence of hyperkalemia and hypocalcemia, peaked tall T wave frequency, mean of R wave height and T/R ratio in ARF and ESRD groups were not significantly different. On the other hand, in the coincidence of hyperkalemia and hyponatremia peaked tall T wave frequency and T/R ratio in ARF and ESRD groups were significantly different. [P <0.05] Severe hyperkalemia, hyperkalemia in the setting of ARF and the simultaneous presence of hyperkalemia and hyponatremia may increase the probability of cardiac changes. These groups of patients who undergo hemodialysis need vigorous care considering the cardiac complications

[ effect of selective rhythmic movements on, hand- foot coordination in girl children with developmental coordination disorder]

Background and aim: Development Coordination Disorder [DCD] is occurred when the growth of motor skills delays or some difficulties emerge in performing coordinated movements that is led to the incidence of problems resulting inability to perform in daily tasks. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the selective rhythmic movements on hand - foot coordination of children with DCD

Methods: In this quasi experimental study, from a total of 475 girl children [6-11 years old] from Shahrekord city [Iran] 30 girl children were selected by the DSD questionnaire and Motor Observation Questionnaire for teachers. Lincolen - Osertsky Motor Proficiency Test was used to measure the dependent variables including hand- foot coordination. At first, subjects participated in pretest and then they were randomly divided into control and experimental groups. Selective Rhythmic Movements were performed by experimental group for eight weeks; three sessions per week and 45 minutes per- session. At the end of the period, both groups participated in the post test. The data were analyzed using independent study t- test

Results: Results showed that at pre-test conditions no significant difference was seen for the means of hand-foot coordination between experimental group vs. control group [P>0.05], but significant difference was observed between groups for post test values [P<0.01]

Conclusion: This study showed that selective rhythmic movements are led to hand- foot coordination improvement in DCD children

Effects of Fig tree [Ficus carica] leaf extracts on serum and liver cholesterol levels in hyperlipidemic rats

The effects of three Ficus carica leaf extracts on the total cholesterol levels [TC] of serum and liver were investigated in experimentally-induced nutritional hyperlipidemic rats. In nine treatment groups [n=5 each group], hyperlipidemic rats were treated daily with hydromethanolic [total] extract [2.5, 5, 10 mg/kg, intraperitoneal [ip]] and its aqueous fractions, namely fraction A [10, 50,250 mg/kg, ip] and fraction B [10, 50,250 mg/kg, ip] for eight days. In negative and positive control groups, animals received normal and hyperlipidemic diets with ip injections of normal saline, respectively. The lipid-lowering effect of total extract on liver cholesterol was more pronounced than that of serum. Fraction A caused a significant dose-dependent decrease in cholesterol levels in both the serum and the liver [p<0.05]. Fraction A at dosages of 10, 50 and 250 mg/kg lowered the TC in serum from 1.40 +/- 0.26 mmol/L [mean +/- standard deviation; untreated hyperlipidemic group] to 1.06 +/- 0.14, 1.04 +/- 0.07 and 0.90 +/- 0.08 mmol/L, respectively. At 50 and 250 mg/kg, it lowered the TC in liver significantly from 59.86 +/- 10.35 mg/g [untreated] to 42.61 +/- 12.08 and 37.16 +/- 5.59 mg/g, respectively. Fraction B lowered the level of TC in the serum and liver, but the results of this treatment were conflicting. Phytochemical screening showed that total extract had moderate levels of flavonoids and a large amount of tannins, which may account for the observed effects on decreasing TC levels. In conclusion, Ficus carica leaf extracts have been shown to decrease liver and serum TC levels in hyperlipidemic rats

effect of progressive muscle relaxation on anxiety and stress in nursing students at the beginning of the internship program

Anxiety is a complicated process appearing from low to high which may reduce the learning ability. It is common among nurses as they struggle to cope with increasingly complicated stressors such as examinations, article preparation and practical experiences. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of muscle relaxation on reduction of anxiety in nursing students before starting the internship program. In this study, 40 nursing students who were going to start their internship program were randomly divided into two equal groups. Before starting the internship program, all students were asked to fill a questionnaire [Spielberger Test Anxiety] to measure their anxiety. In addition, physiological parameters [blood pressure, pulse, respiration, temperature] were collected before and after the study in both groups. During a 45-min session, muscle relaxation training was given to the test group. Muscle relaxation practice was continued three times per day for two weeks. Two weeks after starting the internship, Spiel Berger Test Anxiety and physiological parameters were collected again in both groups. Data were analyzed using Chi-square and t tests. The average age of the students in both groups was 22.7 +/- 2 [range=21 to 25 years] and the majority of the students were female [75%]. No significant difference was observed between two groups for willingness to the nursing profession, birth rank and the average scores of the students from the previous years. The average anxiety score in control group before and after the study was 27.5 +/- 10.2 and 28.3 +/- 8.8 respectively [P > 0.05]. Average anxiety score in test group before and after the study was 25.4 +/- 19.5 and 29.2 +/- 14.1 respectively [P < 0.05]. To alleviate stressors associated with practical practice and create a healthy work environment for practice, it is recommended that nursing students have some progressive muscle relaxation before entering practical environments

Evaluating the effects of low intensity pulsed ultrasonic waves on experimental tibial fracture healing in New Zealand rabbit

Fracture healing is a biological complex process that is affected by several internal and external factors. One of the external factors is mechanical stimulation by ultrasound waves. There is a controversy about the effects of these waves on bone healing. The aim of this research was to evaluate effects of low-intensity pulsed ultrasonic waves on experimental tibial fracture in New Zealand Rabbit. This is an experimental study in which, 36 male adult New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into four groups [3 experimental groups and 1 control group]. All of the animals, except the control group, were operated for inducing the experimental fracture on their right tibia. After healing of wounds, the sites of bone fractures in experimental groups were exposed to pulsed ultrasound waves for 2 and 4 weeks. Then all of the animals were killed and right tibias were removed. After fixation and processing of samples, the slides were prepared from paraffin blocks and were stained with H and E. Finally, the slides were studied for stereological analysis of bone healing and the data of each group was analyzed by Mann-Whitney and Kroscal Wallis tests. The Results of this study showed that mean volume changes in cartilaginous callus was significantly higher in ultrasound- exposed rabbits compared to the control group [P<0.05]. No significant differences was seen between experimental and control groups for other parameters such as granulation, mesenchymal tissue and bone tissue. Pulsed-ultrasound waves with frequency about 1 MHz [Mega Hertz] may be useful to increase fracture healing of tibia in rabbit

Establishing the standards of control in nursing services management

Perhaps it could be claimed that performing task in organization would not be successful, unless the necessary controls have been provided. Management system needs control to be informed about the methods of goal achievement and performing operations, thereby, gaining the ability for tracking, testing and reforming methods. In any specialty, in order to consider these activities equally and scientifically, the responsible establish professional standards in the form of direction and framework and declare them to enforcers. With due attention to the importance of control, especially in health systems management and with view to the fact that there is no standard in this field, the current study was designed with the aim of compiling standards for control accreditation in nursing management in Iran. This is a triangulation research conducted from 2004 to 2006. The sample size was 15 in Delphi stage and total of 50 nursing management experts [from Iranian medical sciences universities] in stage of survey. The sampling was target based. At first, a pilot study was conducted in Isfahan and Shiraz by an open questionnaire, and then the main research was conducted in three phases. In the first stage, international standards of control for nursing services management were collected. In the second stage, a semi-structured questionnaire was developed from perspectives of 15 professional nurse managers. The suggestions were collected and the researchers reached a consensus of 70% in the third stage. Then, the researchers held a national survey among 50 nursing management experts in Iran. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and distribution frequency and eventually control of nursing services management standards in Iran were extracted. Thirty five standards in area of control was established. The results show that these standards had more than 90 percent of acceptability. These standards together with the standard of nursing units can develop quality, so, it is suggested that these standards can be utilized by ministry of health and medical education to control credit rating of nursing units, in order to identify the lacks and shortages

Renal cortical thickness in adults with normal renal function measured by ultrasonography

Renal cortical thickness is an important index for many renal diseases. Ultrasonography has been introduced as an effective method to determine different renal measurements. The objective of this study was to determine the sonographic measurement of renal cortical thickness [RCT] in adults with normal renal function in Isfahan and its relation with gender, age, height, weight, body mass index [BMI], and the side of the body. 142 healthy subjects aged 20-50 years with no history of renal or systemic diseases were studied prospectively. These patients had normal BUN/Cr tests and urine analysis. They also had a normal kidney sonography. Gray scale sonography was used to measure the distance between the outer border of the medulla and the renal capsule, presenting as RCT. 80 men and 62 women with a mean +/- SD age of 38.8 +/- 7.7 years underwent sonography. The mean +/- SD RCT was 9.09 +/- 0.99 mm. RCT associated with gender [P=0.02] but there was no significant difference between the right and left RCTs [P=0.15]. There were significant positive correlations between RCT and renal length and the patients' height, but such a correlation was not observed between RCT and age, BMI, and the patients' weight. RCT varies with many variables including gender, height and length of the kidney. The results of this study can be used for evaluation of RCT to determine abnormal clinical conditions

Level of anxiety and its correlation with some individual characteristics in patients with myocardial infarction in hospitals related to Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Branch [2005-2006]

The most important factors of anxiety in individuals are diseases and their treatment. Although anxiety is an alerting process, it can affect quality of life or makes the treatment longer. This study was performed to determine the relationship between level of anxiety and some of individual characteristics in patients with myocardial infarction [MI] in hospitals related to Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Unit. This study was performed on 200 patients with MI from 3 hospitals related to Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Unit. Data were collected with questionnaires, which were filled by interviews. The questionnaire had two parts: 26 questions about some individual characteristics, and the second part comprised Spill Berger standard criteria including 40 questions about anxiety level. "Content validity" method was used for ascertaining validity and "test-retest" method for reliability of tools. The subjects were all in the age range of 22-34 years with a mean of 25.98. Results indicated that 76.5% of study population was married, 64% had a history of hospitalization due to other causes, and 33% knew about their stress and anxiety. On the basis of total anxiety scores [TAS], 8% of individuals had mild [40-79], 47.5% had moderate [80-119], and 44.5% had severe [120-160] anxiety. There were a direct and statistically significant relationship between the level of anxiety and age, gender, marriage status, occupation, job satisfaction, number of children, adequacy of income, site of living, insurance, living conditions, level of liking their visitors, relationship with other family members, anxiety background among the first degree family members, his/her description of personality, description of family environment, present physical health status, and preference to have information about the illness [P < 0.05]. There is a direct and statistically significant relationship between the level of anxiety and individual characteristics of patients with myocardial infarction

Essential oil constituents of Chimonanthus fragrans flowers population of Tehran

Chimonanthus fragrans Lindle [Calycanthaceae] is an aromatic plant which little information has been reported so far on the composition of its essential oil. In this study the essential oil of flower of this plant was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Forty nine components were identified corresponding to ca. 98.12% of the total components of the essential oil with 0.12% yield. The major components were elemol [20.06%], beta-caryophyllene [9.51%], beta-elemene [8.65%], bicyclogermacrene [8.15%], gamma-elemene [7.2%], germacrene-D [5.65%], trans-beta-ocimene [5.5%], sabinene [3.65%], linalool [2.6%], caryophyllene oxide [2.3%], and delta-cadinene [1.95%]. Comparison of the data of this study with other data including recent report by HS-SPME-GC-MS showed quantitative and qualitative differences due to geographical, agricultural, and technical factors

Study on microscopical characteristic and composition of the volatile oil of fruit of petroselinum hortense hoffm

Parsley [Petroselinum hortense Hoffm.] is one of the most famous medical and nutritional herb. Fruits of parsley traditionally used as diuretic, appetizer, vasodilator, with out any side effects. Also, it is used in cosmetic industry as a deodorant to cure halitosis and in nutritional industry. Study of microscopical characteristic, extraction and identification of the essential oil of the chemical composition of Parsley seed, is the main aims of this study. For this research, fruits have seen purchased from the market of Tehran and Identified. Microscopical characteristic will be done using light microscope and extraction of the essential oil will be done with hydro-distillation method using Clevenger apparatus and then identified after GC/MS findings. Endosperm containing crystals of calcium oxalate and oil spots, parts of compact cells of Endocarp, a group of fibro vascular, Epiderm tissue containing fragment of a vitta, were the most fragments of the powdered seed. The total amount of the Essential oil was 1% V/W and the most analyzed compounds were: 1,8 cineol [59.2%]-alpha- phellandren [18.6%]-alpha-pinene [7.6%]. There was no difference between the microscopical characters of the powdered seeds of Iranian cultivated Parsley with the cultivated specimen in other country. The absence of two compounds; Apiol [aborticide agent] and Miristicin [agent causing euphoria] in Iranian cultivated Parsley is a significant safe character for the using of the Iranian specimen in food and pharmaceutical industries

[Persistent mullerian duct syndrome in a 71-year-old man, case report]

Normal sexual differentiation occurs in the 6[th] embryonic week and in a normal embryonic life. Both wolffian and mullerian ducts are present until the onset of sexual differentiation. Normal sexual differentiation is directed by the sex-determining region of the Y chromosome [SRY]. Secretion of mullerian inhibiting substance [MIS] by sertoli cells results in regression of the mullerian duct in males. Any disruption of orderly steps in sexual differentiation may be reflected clinically as variants of the intersexes syndromes. One of the rarest forms of these syndromes is Persistent Mullerian Duct Syndrome [PMDS]. This syndrome is caused by lack of regression and development of mullerian system and formation of female genital tract including uterus, fallopian tubes and two thirds of upper part of vaginal in male. While bilateral cryptorchidism, inguinal hernia and infertility are usually associated with this syndrome, external genital organs are normal. The diagnosis is usually made in the first years of life. The presented case, a 71-year-old man, admitted to the surgical ward of Ali-ebn-Abitalib Hospital in Rafsanjan was diagnosed with a large right inguinal hernia. Physical examination of external genital tract was normal. The findings at operation were as follows: the uterus was attached to spermatic cord in the internal ring. Hysterectomy was done. Orchiectomy was also performed due to severe adhesion of the uterus to spermatic cord and rupture of the spermatic vessels. Pathologic examination of the resected tissues confirmed the diagnosis of PMDS. This syndrome is typically diagnosed by cryptorchidism and inguinal hernia during early years of life. Infertility is also a common finding in this syndrome. Although, there are a number of diagnostic procedures including sonography for detection of PMDS, this syndrome is almost recognised through operations casual. Rarity of PMDS and also unusual findings regarding this case including old age, the absence of infertility and cryptorchidism were the reasons for reporting this case

Effect of Sesame oil on leukocyte infiltration into the brain of C57/BL6 mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis [EAE] is an animal model of multiple sclerosis distinguished by infiltration of leukocytes into the central nervous system. Changes in composition and levels of unsaturated fatty acids, affect the integrity of blood-brain barrier. In this study, we evaluated the effect of Sesame oil on the leukocyte infiltration into the brain of MOG[35-55] induced EAE male C57BL/6 mice. In this experimental study, male C57BL/6 mice were placed in two therapeutic groups [n=10 per group] with age and weight-matched as follow: 1.Sesame oil-treated EAE mice received 4ml/kg/day of Sesame oil given i.p. from day -3 until day +19 after disease induction, 2.Non-treated EAE mice [EAE control] received Phosphate buffer alone with same schedule. EAE was induced by immunization of mice with MOG[35-55] peptide and complete Freund's adjuvant. Leukocytes infiltration into the brain was investigated 20 days after immunization. Data was analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test. The results show that Sesame oil-treated mice had significantly less clinical score of EAE [2.6 +/- 0.4] than non-treated EAE induced mice [4.2 +/- 0.6], [p<0.001]. Also, there was a significant difference at number of the infiltrating cells in brain between Sesame oil-treated [80 +/- 20] and non treated EAE-induced mice [150 +/- 30], [p<0.01]. These results indicate that Sesame oil reduces infiltration of leukocytes into the brain of EAE mice, therefore lessening the histological changes and clinical signs and thus ameliorating the disease

survey on the changes of oil compounds of medicinal and edible plants sterilized with gamma radiation

One of the essential problems of using medicinal plants which are mostly collected from the wild is their fungus and microbial infections. Nowadays, exposing the plants to Gamma radiation apparently removes the problem. But, as the plants contain outstanding amount of chemical substances, the exposition can lead to a change in the composition of the plants chemicals and therefore a change in their medicinal effects. Making poisonous, carcinogen or stimulant substances in the plants could be examples of this change. The aim of this research was evaluating effect of Gamma radiation on chemical composition of ten medicinal plants essential oils; Mentha, Coriandrum, Foeniculum, Zingiber, Cuminum, Bunium, Melissa, Thymus and Zataria. Essential oil of the species before and after Gamma radiation were obtained over Clevenger apparatus, analyzed using GC and GC/MS and identified based on RT, KI and authentic references. Results showed that within ten species, the Coriander oil was affected with the 10 and 25 KG of Gamma radiation and changed to the another components. These results of experiment can alert the world, to the threatening consequences of using Gamma radiation concerning human health

[Cytomegalovirus infection in renal recipients in Al-Zahra Hospital of Isfahan]

Patients with renal transplant who receiving immunosuppressive drugs are prone to any opportunistic infections such as CMV. This study is planed to detect the prevalence of anti CMV before transplantation and long term follow up of active CMV disease incidence. In this descriptive analytic study, all of the 70 patients who candidate for renal transplantation during 1381-1384 studied in Al-Zahra Hosptial of Isfahan. After filling questionires, Elisa test for anti CMV [IgM, IgG] performed and prevalence of these antibodies calculated. Also prevalence of these antibodies calculated according to age and gender and six months follow up was done for incidence of acute CMV disease following transplantation. 70 patients studied among them 64 [91/4%] had IgG-anti CMV [59/4% male and 40/6% female]. 2 person had IgM-anti CMV that both of them were female [100%]. There was relationship between anti CMV IgG prevalence and age [P<0/01] and no relationship of anti CMV IgG and gender. There was no any relationship of anti CMV IgM and age/gender, 2 cases [2/8%] of active CMV disease occurred after transplantation and one of them rejected the transplant. According to the prevalence of anti CMV IgG among studied patients there was high risk of reactivation which causing sever complication and transplant rejection so this recommendable to rapid diagnosis, prevent sever infection and mortality by performing CMV serology before transplant, detecting antigenemia PP [65] and PCR weekly as a screening test

[Manifestations, complication and underlying disease associated with Zona in the Al-Zahra Hospital of Isfahan [1375-1385]]

Zona is a disease due to reactivation of dormant Herpes Zoster virus in dorsal root gangelion and almost manifest by vesicular rash in one dermatom. 100 patients with a descriptive study, identified as having zona during ten years [1375-85] at Al-Zahra hosptial in Isfahan were reviewed. Patients investigated from the point of age, sex prevalence, underlying disease involved and dermatom. 1% of patients were under 20 years,%16 between 20 and 50 years and%83 greater than 50 years old.%45 of Cases were male and%55 were femle. Mean age of them were 61.4 +/- 2. Among 100 patients 68 cases had underlying disease. 23 cases had history of surgery in 2 resent months [%52.2 male], 15 cases had diabet type II [%46.7 male]. 13 cases had malignancy [%69.2 male], 13 cases had used corticostroid [%46.2% male] and 4 cases had psychological disorder that all were female. The most involved dermatom in the patients were 34 trigeminal, 24 thoracic, 7 cervical, 16 lumber, 12 sacral and 7 Generalized. There were significantly relation between underlying disease and involved dermatom [P<0.001], all of the patients with generalized dermatom were immunocompromised. Zona is more common and sever in immune compromised patients and people suffering from underlying disease. Therefore this matter necessitates prevention of disseminated forms and complication of disease through increasing awareness of patients in this regard and earlier presentation for treatment