[Epidemiological pattern of job stress among managers of car manufacture companies in Iran]

Introduction: Management is one of high stress occupations but little attention has been paid to occupational stresses among manufacturing managers

Objective: The goal of this study is to determine the epidemiological pattern of occupational stress among 70 SIPA industrial companies

Materials and Methods: Stress was assessed according to different criteria's with a self- completed questionnaire in-group meetings

Results: Mean age of samples [440 managers] was 43.6 years [SD= 7.3] and their mean job experience was 12.1 years [SD=7.7] the level of occupational stress was 49.5%. The top four stressors were stress due to decision making at work [99.1%], time pressure [97.3%], and time- table and scheduling [73.5%]. There was a significant difference between overall occupational stress of managers and age [P=0.001] and younger managers were more at risk of occupational stresses

Conclusion: Occupational stresses have undesirable effect on people and it is necessary to control and prevent stress among young managers by proper interventional programs on personal and institutional level

Prevalence and causes of blindness and low vision in Tehran Provisam methodology and implementation program

To describe the methodology and implementation of the investigation for prevakaice causes of visual impairment in Tehran province.This population-based cross-sectional study was conducted on all urban and rural residents of Tehran province in 2003. A stratified cluster random sampling with probability proportional procedure was used. First, best pinhole-corrected visual acuity [BPCVA] was determined habitual visual acuity [VA] by an optometrist. Cases of BPCVA 20/60 in either eye 'awe ophthalmologist for detection of best spectacle-corrected visual acuity [BSCVA] and mail visual impairment [VA< /- 0/60] including low vision [VA< 20/60-20/400] and blindness [VA< according to BPCVA and BSCVA. Epidemiologic aspects and response rates in each phase of the study are presented.Of 13 24% invited subjects, 1 l 975 persons participated in the first step of the stay primary response rate: 90.4%]. Of these, 760 cases [6.3%] with BPCVA /- 50 years. [P<0.001] No children below the age 4 years were referred. The referral rate was not different between male [6.8%] and female [6.0%] subjects. Secondary participation rate was greater in male [85.8%] than female [64.4%] subjects [P<0.001], but there was no difference between rural and urban residents or between the age groups in this aspect. Despite good primary participation rate, the age and sex distribution of the study population was different from the reference population which highlights the need for planning an effective sampling procedure. The prevalence rates should be standardized for age and sex