[Interaction of macronutrient intake and cetp gene variants in relation to metabolic syndrome and components]

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction between CETP [Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein] polymorphisms and macronutrient intakes in relation to metabolic syndrome [MetS] and its components

Materials and Methods: In this matched nested case-control study, 441 MetS subjects and 844 controls were selected from among participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Dietary intake was determined using a valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire. Portions of DMA samples were genotyped with HumanOmniExpress-24-v1-0 bead chips [containing 649,932 SNP loci] in the Tehran cardio-metabolic genetic study

Results: Mean ages of men and women did not differ between cases and controls. Frequencies of the C [rs3764261] and A [rs5882] alleles were 62.9% and 62.1%, respectively, and did not differ in cases and controls. Compared to CC [rs3764261] genotype, low HDL-C risk was decreased in subjects with the AC+AA genotypes [P<0.001]. Interactions were observed between Mono-unsaturated fatty acids, total fat intakes and rs5882 in relation to risk of low HDL-C [Pi=0.02 and 0.05, respectively]. The risk of high blood pressure across quartiles of trans-fatty acid and cholesterol intake differed in rs5882 genotypes [Pi<0.05]

Conclusions: Our findings demonstrated no interaction between rs3764261, rs5882 polymorphisms and macronutrient intakes in relation toMetS; neither were MUFA and trans-fatty acid intakes associated with rs5882 genotypes in relation to risk of high blood pressure and low HDL-C

[Assessment of partial distribution of the equivalent dose in radiology waiting room - Ardabil, Iran [2011]]

The exposures related to the department of radiology can be considered as harmful agent for human. This study was done to assess the partial distribution of the equivalent dose in radiology waiting room in Ardabil, Iran. This descriptive analytical study was done in the radiology department and related waiting rooms of 4 teaching hospital and 3 private radiology sonography centers in Ardabil, Northwest of Iran, during 2011. The variables including type of radiography, the number and condition, staying duration in waiting room were considered for dosimetry. Data were analyzed using SPSS-18 and Chi-Square test. The lowest radiation dose belong to one specialist radiology sonography center with 0.2 +/- 0.002 micro S.h[-1]V, but for each radiography were determined to be 0.00275 +/- 0.004 micro S.h-1V. The highest radiation dose belong to one specialist radiography sonography center with 0.4 +/- 0.045 micro S.h[-1]V and for each radiography was 0.016 +/- 0.0006 micro S.h[-1]V. Two teaching hospitals accompanied with three privates centers showed to have radiation dose-rate higher than 0.3 micro S.h-1V [P<0.05]. This study showed that the increasing radiation-dose rate [higher than 0.3 micro S.h[-1]V] in teaching hospitals and private centers can be related to either the unit life or inadepuate of radiological protective shield

[Percutaneous nephrolithotomy in the management of pediatric renal calculi]

Pediatric renal calculus disease has been a management dilemma. Achieving excellent results with percutaneous nephrolithotomy [PCNL] in adults have led to use this technique in children. Our experience with this procedure in pediatric age group is reviewed and discussed. In a descriptive cross-sectional study, we retrospectively analyzed case records of 39 patients younger than 15 years who underwent PCNL between September 2000 and April 2004. Antegrade percutaneous access was obtained in all patients and the tract was dilated to 24F. Pneumatic lithotripsy and forceps extraction were used with a rigid nephroscope to disintegrate and remove stones. In all patients, a nephrostomy tube was placed intraoperatively, and a plain abdominal X-ray and nephrostogram were obtained postoperatively. Complete clearance was achieved in 36 patients [92.3%] and relative clearance in 3 patients [7.7%]. Of these, 33 [91.7%] required a single tract, while 2 [5.6%] required two tracts and only one patient [2.8%] required 3 tracts. The greatest stone diameter in 11 [30.5%] patients was less than 20 mm and in 20 [55.6%] patients was more than 20 mm or multiple; 5 [13.9%] patients had staghorn stones. Stone location was lower calyx in 2 [5.1%], upper calyx in 3 [7.7%], renal pelvis in 15 [38.5%], and staghorn or multiple in 19 [48.7%] subjects. Open surgery was not required in any patient, and patients with residual stone after second look surgery were sent for SWL treatment. There was no contiguous organ injury, and no open surgery or blood transfusions were required. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy is safe and effective in children, and should be considered as a viable management option. However, staghorn and multiple renal calculi may require alternative managements