[Evaluation of analgesic effects of intrathecal eugenol in male rats]

Eugenol, the most important substance of clove plant [Eugenia caryophyllata] extract, has been widely used as a local relief for pain and inflammation in dentistry. To our knowledge, the beginning time and duration time of intrathecal injection of eugenol were not determined. Thus the purpose of this study was to investigate the analyesic effects of intrathecal injection of eugenol regarding the beginning and duration time, using thermal pain method [water: 52°C] in male rats. In this experimental study, 51 male Wistar rats, were divided into three groups of eugenol [5, 10 and 15 microl] and three groups of normal saline [5, 10 and 15 microl]. Lumbar intrathecal catheters were implanted under anesthesia. Five days later, different volumes of eugenol and normal saline [5, 10 and 15 microl /rat] were administrated intrathecally and the withdrawal tail responses to high temperature [51°C] water [tail immersion] at different times intervals [pre-catheterization, pre-administration, 10, 30, 180, 360, 720, 1440 minutes after eugenol administrations] were evaluated. Data were analyzed using one and two way ANOVA and LSD post hoc tests. Eugenol induced analgesia dose-dependently. Furthermore, eugenol at higher doses induced longer analgesic effect [P<0.05]. Higher doses of eugenol caused long term paralysis and immobility. The beginning time of analgesia was 10 minutes after injection of eugenol and maximum analgesia was seen after 30 minutes [P<0.05]. The observed analgesic effect of intrathecal eugenol can be helpful in the clinical use at the future

[Acute effects of an aerobic exhaustive incremental exercise session on serum leptin and plasma lipids]

Discovery of leptin has led to numerous experiments for better understand of its function, and many of these studies have focused on leptin's response to both acute exercise and exercise training. The aim of this research was the investigation of acute effects of an aerobic exhaustive incremental exercise session on serum leptin and plasma lipids in trained men 19-26 years old. Voluntary twenty four trained divided into trained [12 subjects] and control [12 subjects] groups, randomly. Exercise session includes Astrand exhaustive incremental test on treadmill which have been done between 8-10 am. Blood sampling gathered pretest, post test and 9 hours after training. For data analysis we have employed two way repeated measures ANOVA, paired T-Test and Pearson correlation coefficient using SPSS software, version 15.Results demonstrated serum leptin immediately increase after training in control group but this change statistically was not significant [p>0.05]. Plasma LDL-c and total cholesterol significantly increase immediately after training in pretest values [p<0.033]. Significantly negative correlation was found between serum leptin immediately after test and pretest plasma LDL-c in trained group [r=-0.65, p<0.022]. In general, there are not any significant differences between two control and trained groups in any measured blood factors during three bouts measurement. An aerobic exhaustive incremental exercise session statistically has not acute effect on serum leptin in trained men 19-26 years old

[Influence of aerobic and anaerobic exercise on the reproductive hormones, cortisol and prolactin in male]

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of aerobic and anaerobic exercise on reproductive hormones in male. 45 subjects performed three randomized trials on separate groups, [1] aerobic group, [2] anaerobic group, [3] control group. Aerobic group performed continuous exercise with 65% [VO2max] and anaerobic group performed interval exercise with 100% [VO2max]. Pre and post of the exercise blood samples were collected and analyzed for testosterone, luteinizing [LH], follicle-stimulating [FSH], prolactin and cortisol hormones. Diet, physical activity and circadian influences were all controlled. Compared with the control, the aerobic and anaerobic groups significantly [P<0/05] elevated testosterone, prolactin and cortisol. Neither exercise produced significant [P<0/05] changes of FSH. LH in the aerobic group did not change but in anaerobic group was significantly elevated in comparison with the control group. This study has shown that there are not any correlations between testosterone and LH in the aerobic group which is a normal function of hypothalamus-hypophysis-axis and this is due to the low level of testosterone endurance athletes doing stamina sports. Also significant increase was found between testosterone and prolactin of both experimental groups which is similar to other reports and aims of present study as well