On the main reservior host of Fasiola in Dakhlia governorate, Egypt

In the present work, a total of 4180 sheep was obtained from different localities at Daqahlia Governorate. One hundred and eighty male sheep were investigated for Fasciola worms [the adult and juvenile forms] at Mansoura governmental abattoir. Four hundred grazing sheep were screened by the coprological examination from ten centers. The mean number of eggs per gin in a group of ten sheep ranged from 2.9-10.8 egg/gm. The number of worms ranged from 5-84. In the Mansoura abattoir, it was found that 37 sheep were infected [20.56%]. Fasciola worms were recovered from the livers in 100%, common bile ducts in 60%, gall bladder in 80%, two sites in 50% and three sites in 40% of infected biliary tracts. According to the coprological examination, the infection rate was the highest in El-Manzalla Center [15.75] and the lowest was in Mansoura Center [3.25%]. According to the prevalence and egg output results, it was concluded that sheep are the main reservoir host for fascioliasis among the edible animals in Daqahlia Governorate. However, examination of the non-edible animals and the domestic and wild rodents are ongoing

Steroidal glycosides of furcraea selloea and their biological properties against diffrent schistosoma mansoni stages

Furcraea selloea C. Koch dry powder [Family Agavaceae] was subjected to a bioassayguided fractionation technique to isolate the active constituents responsible for the potency of this plant. The antischistosomal impact of different extracts of the leaves of F. selloea was screened against adult Schistosoma mansoni warms in vitro using a well established culture media. The methanol extract of the plant showed the highest activity as S. mansoni warms recorded 100% mortality at 50 micro g/ ml after 24 hours. Owing to the high potency of the crude saponins obtained from the methanolic extract [100% mortality at 20 micro g/ml], it was submitted to chromatographic separation using silica gel and Sephadex columns as well as preparative thin layer chromatography. Three steroidal saponins [I-III] were isolated and their structures were elucidated using some spectroscopic and chemical methods as follows: 6-O-Beta-D- glucopyranosyl [1-4]-Beta-D-glucopyranoside chlorogenin [I], 3-O-Beta-D-glucopyranosyl-[1-4]- Beta-D-glucopyranoside crestagenin [II] and 3-O-Beta-D-glucopyranosyl-[1-3]-Beta-D- glucopyranosyl-[1-3]-Beta-D-xylopyranoside gloriogenin [III]. Bioassay screening of the isolated saponins [I-III] were carried out against certain Schistosoma mansoni stages. Compound III only proved to possess antischistosomal activity against S. mansoni worms at concentration as low as 5 micro g/ ml, while compounds I and II were inactive. Also, test against B. alexandrina snails revealed that only saponin III has high molluscicidal activity [LC [90] = 6 ppm] whereas the other two saponins did not show any activity up to 50 ppm after 24 hours exposure. Different concentrations of the crude and the isolated saponins were evaluated against S. mansoni free larval stages [cercariae and miracidia]. Hatchability of S. mansoni ova was markedly depressed when exposed to 6 ppm of compound III. The infection rate of B. alexandrina snails was significantly reduced when snails were exposed to three sublethal concentrations of the dry plant powder. Determination of the acute oral toxicity of F. seiloea methanol extract against mice was carried out. When three groups of mice infected with S. marisoni were treated orally with a single dose of 2500 mg/kg of F. selloea methanol extract either at 2, 4 or 7 weeks post infection, the reduction rate in worm load was significantly lower when compared to infected untreated control

Possible antischistosomal activity of the crude saponins of Anagallis arvensis on Schistosoma mansoni

This study was carried out to evaluate the antischistosomal efficacy of the crude saponins isolated from Anugalfis amemis [a medicinal local plant] in albino mice experimentally infected with Schistosoma mansoni. Animals were divided into 2 major groups according to the route of drug administration. The first group was orally given the saponins, while the latter one was administered the crude saponins subcutaneously.Different doses of the saponins were used at different intervals of infection. Animals were sacrificed 8 weeks after the infection. Data obtained from some experimental subgroups showed that significant reduction in total number of worm burden was recorded. The worm reduction was variable according to the dose, time, duration and pathway of administration and it ranges from 1.15-100%. This study gave preliminary promising results that help in finding a new, safe and effective chemotherapeutic drug; however, it needs more comprehensive follow-up study

molluscicidal, cercaricidal and miracidial activity of basis muriate and cornulaca monocantha

The dry powders of some local plants were screened for molluscicidal activity against Biomphalaria alexandrina and Bulinus truncatus. Bassia muricata and Cornulaca monocantha showed considerable molluscicidal activity [LC90 for Bassia muricata was 165 and 160 ppm while, the LC90 for Cornulaca was 140 and 120 ppm] against Biomphalaria alexandrina and Bulinus truncatus, respectively. The molluscicidal activity of the dry powders of the two plants showed stability under the effect of some simulated field conditions. On the other hand, the dry powders of both plants killed Schistosoma mansoni cercariae and miracidia at the molluscicidal concentration

Field evaluation of anagallis arvensis [SSP latifolia] [saboon el gheit] [primulaceae] as a molluscacidal plant in snail control

A field trial in Egypt of the plant molluscicide Anagallis arvensis is described. The application of 132 and 100 mg/Litre powdered whole plant material was made to drain water in October and November 1989. The treatment effect took 24 hours to become fully established. The reduction in the number of alive Biomphalaria alexandria, Bulinus truncates and Lymnaea natalensis was generally more than 90% at a concentration of 100 mg/Liter dry powdered plant material. Lymnaea natalensis snails showed the highest susceptibility to the action of both sooked and dry powder at the different concentrations used. The easy availability of the plant in the rural areas, the high molluscicidal activity of the dry powder of whole plant material and the simple technique of its application recommend the field application of Anagallis arvensis for snail control

molluscicidal properties of agavaceae; agave attenuate and furcraea gigantea var mediopicata

The susceptibility of Lymnaea cailliaudi to the action of the crude saponins obtained by boiled water extraction of A. attenuata and F. gigantea was determined. The effect of some initiated field conditions on the activity of these crude saponins was investigated