RESUMO
Group B Streptococci [GBS] or Streptococcus agalactiae is one of the most common causes of sepsis and meningitis in neonates and of invasive diseases in pregnant women. It can also cause infectious disease among adults with underlying medical conditions like immunocompromised individuals. Polysaccharide capsule is an important virulence factor. Nine GBS serotypes [Ia, Ib, II to VIII] based on capsular polysaccharide antigens have been described. Distribution of capsular serotypes varies over time and by geographic location. The aim of this study was to detect the capsular serotype distribution in GBS clinical isolates based on genotyping of cps-gene cluster and to determine the predominant serotypes of GBS. In this cross sectional study a total of 50 GBS strains were isolated from various clinical sources including: urine, vagina, semen and urethral secretions. GBS was identified by Gram stain, catalase test, CAMP test and also resistance to 0.04 U Bacitracin and SXT disks. DNA was extracted from all the isolates using the wizard SV Genomic DNA Purification system, Promega, USA. The capsular serotype of the isolates was assigned by using a specific-two Multiplex PCR assay. For statistical analysis, Chi-square method was used. SPSS V.13 was also used. In the 50 GBS isolates, the predominant serotypes were III with 25 isolates [50%] and serotype V with 8 isolates [16%]. Seven isolates [14%] belonged to serotype Ia and 7 isolates [14%] belonged to serotype II, respectively. Serotypes Ib, IV, VI, VII and VIII were not found and 3 strains were classified as nontypeable. Based on the results of this study, serotypes III and V were the predominant serotypes in GBS clinical isolates
RESUMO
Haemophilus influenza can lead to several infections in humans. For example it can lead to meningitis, epiglottitis, pneumonia, cellulitis, bacteremia, septic arthritis and conjunctivitis. H. influenza can be classified into seven biotypes independent of their serotypes. Biotypes are determined by three tests including indol production, urease and ornithine decarboxylase. As specific biotypes are associated with different types of infections, sources and antimicrobial resistance patterns, this study was designed to evaluate biotyping in H.influenza and its relationship with the type of infection. In an 18 month period from April 2005 to September 2006, all clinical specimens that were candidate for Haemophilus isolation, were cultured on standard chocolate agar and blood agar with staphylococcal streak technique. Those isolates that showed the phenomenon of satellitism were biotyped by indol production, urease and ornithine decarboxylation tests. From 24 samples positive for Haemophilus influenza, 11 were isolated from eyes, 11 from paranasal sinuses, one from cerebrospinal fluid [CSF] and one from blood. The isolates from sinuses belonged to the biotype III, the biotype of 6 of the eye isolates was II and that of the other 5 biotypes were III, and the isolates from blood were type I. Another biotype was not isolated from these samples. In other studies, biotype I was the most frequently isolated biotype from CSF and blood. Biotypes II and III have been isolated from the eyes and sputum. The relationship between biotypes II and III in conjunctivitis is well documented. In this study, the most frequently isolated biotypes from conjunctivitis samples were II and III, type III was also common in sinusitis. Biotype IV has been isolated from genital tracts. Due to correlation of biotype and antimicrobial resistance, biotyping is recommended in Haemophilus isolates