Relevance of argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions[AgNORs] in improvement of the accuracy of routine urine cytology in bladder cancer

The argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions [AgNORs] were studied in urine specimens of 28 cases of bladder cancer and 29 non-malignant controls. Routine cytological examination and silver nitrate stain were used and the AgNORs were counted in 100 nuclei selected randomly in each specimen. While the routine cytology picked up 13 cases [46%], the AgNORs picked up 19 cases [66%]. The AgNORs count was 4.64 in positive cases, while it showed count below 2.1 in control. The AgNORs count was higher in cases than in control [in those negative specimens by routine cytology]. In conclusion, AgNORs which is a simple subjective method can improve the accuracy of routine cytology

Hyperoxaluria and hyperuricosuria in calcium urolithiasis

Twenty four hour urinary oxalate and uric acid were determined in 139 calcium stone-formers and 100 control subjects. Hyperoxaluria [>41 mg/day] was found in 42 out of 139 stone-formers [30.2%]. Hyperuricosuria [>531.8 mg/day] was found in 19 out of 139 calcium stone-formers [13.7%]. It is concluded that hyperoxaluria and hyperuricosuria are common associated metabolic abnormalities in calcium urolithiasis

Idiopathic hypercalciuria in calcium urolithiasis

A study of 139 calcium stone-formers and 100 control subjects in the Suez Canal area revealed the presence of idiopathic hypercalciuria [24-hour urinary calcium >222 mg/24 hours] in 28 of them [20.1%]. Employing oral calcium loading test and nephrogenous CAMP level for the differentiation between absorptive [AHC] and renal [RHC] hypercalciuria, 19 [67.9%] had AHC and 9 [32.1%] had RHC. The relatively high incidence of IHC in this study alerts attention to disturbances in calcium metabolism as important associated abnormality in calcium urolithiasis and also to the value of calcium-loading lest for differentiating AHC from RHC for the sake of choice of selective lines of management