RESUMO
Infants often undergo painful procedures such as vaccination and blood sampling. Kangaroo Mother Care [KMC] and breastfeeding methods may be desirable in order to create positive interaction between mother and child. The objective of this study was to assess and compare the analgesic effect of KMC and breastfeeding methods during immunization injections in infants. In this randomized controlled trial, 180 infants undergoing DPT vaccination were divided randomly into three groups. Breastfeeding was performed from 2 minutes before, during, and one minute after the injection in breastfeeding group, while kangaroo mother care started 10 minutes before the injection and continued for one minute after the injection in KMC group. Symptoms associated with pain were evaluated using the Neonatal Infant Pain Scale [NIPS], crying time, and latency to cry. The mean severity of pain was 3.5 +/- 1.53, 4.38 +/- 1.37, and 5.43 +/- 0.96 in breastfeeding, KMC, and control groups, respectively, and their difference was statistically significant [p < 0.001]. The mean crying times for breastfeeding, KMC, and control groups were 34.62 +/- 14.40 s, 49.87 +/- 26.57 s, and 61.17 +/- 22.08 s, respectively, which were significantly different [p < 0.001]. The mean latency to cry showed no significant difference in the three groups [p=0.927]. Both breastfeeding and KMC showed an analgesic effect in infants, but breastfeeding was more effective than KMC. Health care workers are recommended to encourage parents to use simple pain reduction methods for relieving pain, facilitating acceptance of mother, and promoting quality health care
RESUMO
Background and Purpose: Diabetes mellitus is the most common endocrine disease in children. Achieving selfmanagement of the child and her family is one of the important goals nursing these patients. The present research was conducted to examine the effect of problem solving education on the self-management and HbA1C in adolescents with type 1 diabetes
Methods and Materials: In this experimental study, adolescents 10-19 years old with type 1 diabetes for at least on year, were allocated randomly into two control and problem-solving education groups. The intervention group received 6 sessions of problem-solving process education; the family function of caregivers, self-management and HbA1C of adolescents with type 1 Diabetes before and 3 months after the intervention were evaluated. Data analysis was done using independent and paired t-test, Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon tests
Results: Problem-solving education increased self-management in adolescents by 76.57% in terms of public health, 49.11% regimen therapy, 112.20% social presence and 75% in terms of overall self-management [p<0.001]. Problem solving education also decreased HbA1C by 0.62 on average. There was a significant negative correlation between frequency of insulin injections per day and HbA1c levels [p<0.0001]
Conclusion: Problem-solving education is remarkably effective in promoting the self-management in adolescents with type 1 diabetes