[ effects of probiotic supplementation on glycemic control, insulin resistance and inflammatory biomarkers of type 2 diabetic patients]

Introduction: Systemic inflammation plays a main role in the incidence of diabetes complications. Probiotics can be used in the treatment of diabetes complications for its anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to investigate the effects of probiotic supplement on glycemia, insulin resistance and inflammatory markers in patients with type 2 diabetes

Materials and Methods: This randomized double blind clinical trial was carried out on 59 diabetic patients, aged 25-65 years, referred to the Taleghani Hospital in Tehran. They were randomly divided in 2 groups, the probiotic and the placebo. Patients in each group received 2 capsules per day for 6 weeks. Fasting blood samples were taken at baseline and after intervention to evaluate glycemic control, insulin resistance and inflammatory biomarkers

Results: Mean fasting blood glucose was significantly decreased by 9% [132.7 +/- 34 vs. 146.5 +/- 44] in the probiotic group during the intervention [P=0.001]. Results of the analysis of covariance showed that there were statistically significant differences between the two groups in fasting blood glucose and insulin resistance, whereas there were none observed in IL-6 and TNF alpha between the two groups after intervention

Conclusions: The results of the present study indicate that probiotic consumption may help in diabetes control through reducing glycemia and insulin resistance

[Association between dietary patterns and incidence of chronic kidney disease in adults with high blood pressure: Tehran lipid and glucose study]

Introduction: To investigate the association between major dietary patterns and the incidence of chronic kidney disease [CKD] over a 3.6 year follow up in adults with high blood pressure

Materials and Methods: This cohort study was conducted on 1521 prehypertensive and hypertensive subjects, aged >/= 27 years, without CKD at baseline, who participated in the fourth phase [2009-2012] of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Dietary data were collected using a valid food frequency questionnaire. Principal component analysis was performed to derive dietary patterns. Anthropometrics and biochemical measurements were obtained. CKD was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Multiple Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between dietary patterns scores and risk of CKD

Results: The mean age of participants was 46.32 +/- 11.59 years. After 3.6 years of follow-up, 255 [16.8%] cases of CKD occurred. Three dietary patterns were identified, the western, healthy and the traditional Iranian patterns. After adjustment for relevant confounders, subjects in the highest, compared to the lowest quartile category of the Western dietary pattern score, had a higher risk of CKD [OR: 2.12; 95% CI: 1.19-3.76]. Neither the healthy nor the traditional dietary patterns were significantly associated with incidence of CKD

Conclusions: Adherence to the Western dietary pattern is associated with increased risk of CKD in adults with high blood pressure

Sugar-sweetened beverages and risk of obesity and its related cardiovascular risk factors in Iranian adults

Obesity as major global pandemic is associated with increased risk of non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular complications. This study was conducted to evaluate the association between consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages [SSBs] and weight, waist circumference, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol and blood pressure status in Iranian adults. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 5852 men and women, aged 19-70 years, who participated in the fourth phase [2009-2011] of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Demographics, anthropometries, biochemical measurements including triglycerides, HDL and blood pressure were assessed. Intakes of SSBs including carbonated drinks and synthetic fruit juices were measured using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Mean dietary intake of SSBs was 48.9 +/- 77.8 g/d. After adjustment for all potential confounding variables, significant associations were observed between SSB consumption and BMI, waist circumference, triglycerides, HDL and blood pressure in the fourth quartile. Participants in the highest, compared to the lowest quartile category of SSBs had 25%, 37%, 22% and 32% higher risk of general obesity [OR: 1.25, 95% Cl: 1.02-1.50], abdominal obesity [OR: 1.37, 95% Cl: 1.15-1.64], low HDL cholesterol [OR: 1.22, 95% Cl: 1.04-1.44] and hypertension [OR: 1.32, 95% Cl: 1.08-1.61], respectively. Higher intakes of SSBs were found to be associated with a higher risk of general obesity and its related cardiovascular risk factors in Iranian adults

[ role of maternal diet on fetal sex selection: a review]

The desire of the human to control the gender of fetus prior to conception has always been important. The aim of this study was to determine the role of maternal diet on fetal gender. In this narrative review study, a comprehensive review of databases including Pubmed, Scirus, Cochrane library, ScienceDirect, MD Consult, google scholar, Iranmedex, Magiran, and SID from 1982 to 2013 was performed. Key words to search databases included fetal sex, sex ratio, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, fructose, eating disorders, sex selection, maternal diet, Ionic diet, fatty acid, calorie, and famine. Results of studies on the effects of nutritional deficiencies and disorders on sex ratio were controversial. Studies showed that a combination of environmental factors such as stress, time of conception and maternal diet had effects on sex ratio. Preconceptional nutritional status of mothers was very important in changing sex ratio. Increasing the intake of K + + Na+ / Ca 2 + + Mg2+ in diet and high calorie diet could increase the ratio of male offsprings. Preconceptional diet was important in fetal sex ratio. However, low sample size in most human studies and the complex mechanisms of sex determination make it difficult to conclude definitively on this issue. Further human studies with larger sample size in this field are suggested

[Association of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance with lipid profiles in type 2 diabetes]

Insulin resistance [IR] is one of the factors affecting dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes which increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases. This study was done to determine the association of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance with lipid profiles in type 2 diabetes. This descriptive study was conducted on 72 patients with type 2 diabetes in Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran during 2011. Anthropometric indces, fasting serum glucose, serum insulin and lipid profiles were measured and IR index and atherogenic lipid parameters were calculated. The mean of lipid profiles and parameters were compared across the IR tertiles. The association of homeostasis model assessment and insulin resistance in each tertile with lipid profiles was determined. The mean +/- SD of IR index was 0.9 +/- 0.3, 2.1 +/- 0.4 and 4.4 +/- 1.6 in the 1th, 2th and 3th tertiles, respectively. In the 3th tertile, serum triglyceride and atherogenic lipid parameters were significantly high and serum HDL-C level was non-significantly low than normal reference range. IR index in the 2th and 3th tertiles was significantly related to serum Triglyceride [P<0.05]. IR index in level of >2.8, was inversely associated with HDL-C and directly associated with atherogenic lipid parameter. There is association between Insulin resistance with lipid metabolic abnormality in type 2 diabetic patients