RESUMO
Tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum, is one of the most produced species in Brazilian fish farming, which has boosted the development of new technologies to increase its productivity. The aim of this study was to evaluate production performance in two second-generation tambaqui stocks selectively bred for weight gain in a semi-intensive rearing system and assess its influence on total production cost. We analyzed 300 fish (initial mean weight and standard length of 160 g and 17 cm, respectively) of two families (A and B, 150 fish each). The fish were individually marked with microchips and stocked in an 800-m2 excavated pond. For economic analysis, the obtained performance data were extrapolated for a fish farm with a 10-ha pond, adopting the Total Production Cost methodology. After 270 days of farming, the fish from family B were significantly superior (p < 0.05) for all analyzed performance parameters (final weight = 1965.0 g; weight gain = 1786.7 g; biomass gain = 255.2 kg) and morphometric growth in relation to the fish from family A (final weight = 1881.0 g; weight gain = 1737.5 g; biomass gain: 217.7 kg). The total production cost estimations indicated that fish from family B would allow for a 4% reduction in the average fixed cost and a 1% decrease in the total average production cost. (AU)
Assuntos
Aquicultura , Custos e Análise de Custo , Melhoramento Genético , PesqueirosRESUMO
Para determinar as respostas de estresse do matrinxã após perseguição com puçá, juvenis (26,7±6,7 g) foram aclimatados em caixas plásticas e submetidos aos tratamentos: Controle (sem perseguição), Perseguição por 2 minutos, Perseguição por 5 minutos, Perseguição por 10 minutos (quatro repetições, N=8/tratamento). Amostras de sangue foram coletadas 15, 30 e 60 minutos após a perseguição para determinação do cortisol, glicose, sódio, cloreto, potássio, hematócrito, hemoglobina, número total de eritrócitos e osmolaridade. O perfil das respostas após o exercício físico dos peixes não mostrou as alterações típicas do estresse. Até 60 minutos após o estímulo, não ocorreram alterações nos níveis sanguíneos de cortisol, glicose e potássio nos peixes dos diferentes tratamentos. Os níveis de cloreto foram reduzidos 15 minutos após a natação forçada, enquanto os níveis do sódio mais baixos foram registrados 60 minutos depois. Houve redução da osmolaridade a partir dos 30 minutos após o estímulo, independente do tempo de perseguição. A natação forçada não interferiu nos indicadores hematológicos, corroborando os outros indicadores usados. Dessa forma, o exercício intenso dos peixes por até 10 minutos não foi estímulo suficiente para gerar respostas de estresse, sugerindo que o matrinxã é bastante resistente ao manejo de criação.
This study reports the stress responses of matrinxã after chasing. Juvenile fish (26.7±6.7 g) were adapted to 100L plastic boxes and submitted to the treatments: Control (no chasing), Chasing for 2 min, Chasing for 5 min, Chasing for 10 min (four boxes/treatment, 32 fish). Blood was drawn 15, 30 and 60 min after chasing to determine levels of cortisol, glucose, sodium, chloride, potassium, calcium, hematocrit, hemoglobin, erythrocytes number and osmolality. Matrinxã responses after forced swimming did not show the typical stress responses. There were no changes in blood cortisol, glucose, potassium and calcium levels in fish from any treatment until 60 min after chasing. Blood chloride levels were lower 15 min after chasing while the lowest levels of sodium were registered 60 min after the forced swimming. Osmolality dropped 30min after chasing, regardless the period of chasing. The intense swimming did not affect hematological indicators confirming the other physiological indicators. The results suggest that the intense swimming provoked by chasing up to 10 min was not intense enough to promote stress responses in matrinxã indicating that the species is very resistant to the farming handling.