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To perform a systemic review and meta-analysis of the diagnostic accuracy of PET (CT) and metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) for diagnosing neuroblastoma (NB),electronic databases were searched as well as relevant references and conference proceedings.The diagnostic accuracy of MIBG and PET (CT) was calculated for NB,primary NB,and relapse/metastasis of NB based on their sensitivity,specificity,and area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve (AUSROC) in terms of per-lesion and per-patient data.A total of 40 eligible studies comprising 1134 patients with 939 NB lesions were considered for the meta-analysis.For the staging of NB,the per-lesion AUSROC value of MIBG was lower than that of PET (CT) [0.8064±0.0414 vs.0.9366±0.0166 (P＜0.05)].The per-patient AUSROC value of MIBG and PET (CT) for the diagnosis of NB was 0.8771±0.0230 and 0.6851±0.2111,respectively.The summary sensitivity for MIBG and PET (CT) was 0.79 and 0.89,respectively.The summary specificity for MIBG and PET (CT) was 0.84 and 0.71,respectively.PET (CT) showed higher per-lesion accuracy than MIBG and might be the preferred modality for the staging of NB.On the other hand,MIBG has a comparable diagnosing performance with PET (CT) in per-patient analysis but shows a better specificity.
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The purpose of the current study was to examine the pharmacokinetic profiles and tissue distribution of clevidipine, an ultra-short-acting calcium antagonist in Beagle dogs and Sprague-Dawley rats, respectively. The pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of its primary metabolite H152/81 were also evaluated. Dogs received intravenous infusion of clevidipine at a dose rate of 17 μg/(kg·min), and rats were given intravenous administration of clevidipine at a dose of 5 mg/kg. Dog plasma and rat tissues were collected and assayed by HPLC-MS/MS. It was found that plasma clevidipine quickly reached the steady state concentration. The terminal half-life was short (16.8 min), pointing out a rapid elimination after the end of the infusion. The total clearance was 5 mL/(min·kg). In comparison, plasma concentration of H152/81 was increased more slowly and was significantly higher than that of clevidipine. After intravenous administration, clevidipine was distributed rapidly into all tissues examined, with the highest concentrations found in the brain, heart and liver. Maximal concentrations of clevidipine were found in most tissues at 10 min post-dosing. However, the proportion of clevidipine distributed in all tissues was quite small (0.042‰) compared to the total administration dose. It was suggested that clevidipine was mainly distributed in blood and it transformed to inactive metabolite rapidly.
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A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the determination of butoconazole in human plasma. Human plasma samples of 0.2 μL were pretreated by a single step protein precipitation procedure and analyzed using a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) electrospray tandem mass spectrometer system. The compounds were eluted isocratically on an Inertsil ODS-SP column (100 mm×2.1 mm, 3 μm), ionized using a positive ion atmospheric pressure electrospray ionization source and analyzed using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The ion transitions monitored were m/z 412.8→165.1 for butoconazole and m/z 453.4→230.3 for the internal standard. The chromatographic run time was 3.5 min per injection, with retention time of 2.47 min and 2.15 min for butoconazole and repaglinide, respectively. The method was validated to be linear over the range of 20 to 8000 pg/mL (r>0.999) by using a weighted (1/x(2)) quadratic regression. The mean recovery rate was more than 86.7%, and the intra- and inter-day precision of the quality control samples (QCs) was less than 8.3% and the accuracy ranged from 96.0% to 110.2%, which indicated that the quantitative method was reliable and accurate. The method is simple, rapid, and has been applied successfully to a pharmacokinetics study of butoconazole nitrate suppositories in healthy Chinese females.
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A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the determination of butoconazole in human plasma. Human plasma samples of 0.2 μL were pretreated by a single step protein precipitation procedure and analyzed using a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) electrospray tandem mass spectrometer system. The compounds were eluted isocratically on an Inertsil ODS-SP column (100 mm×2.1 mm, 3 μm), ionized using a positive ion atmospheric pressure electrospray ionization source and analyzed using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The ion transitions monitored were m/z 412.8→165.1 for butoconazole and m/z 453.4→230.3 for the internal standard. The chromatographic run time was 3.5 min per injection, with retention time of 2.47 min and 2.15 min for butoconazole and repaglinide, respectively. The method was validated to be linear over the range of 20 to 8000 pg/mL (r>0.999) by using a weighted (1/x(2)) quadratic regression. The mean recovery rate was more than 86.7%, and the intra- and inter-day precision of the quality control samples (QCs) was less than 8.3% and the accuracy ranged from 96.0% to 110.2%, which indicated that the quantitative method was reliable and accurate. The method is simple, rapid, and has been applied successfully to a pharmacokinetics study of butoconazole nitrate suppositories in healthy Chinese females.
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Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Administração Intravaginal , Antifúngicos , Sangue , Química , Farmacocinética , Calibragem , Cromatografia Líquida , Métodos , Imidazóis , Sangue , Farmacocinética , Estrutura Molecular , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , Métodos , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
The purpose of the current study was to examine the pharmacokinetic profiles and tissue distribution of clevidipine, an ultra-short-acting calcium antagonist in Beagle dogs and Sprague-Dawley rats, respectively. The pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of its primary metabolite H152/81 were also evaluated. Dogs received intravenous infusion of clevidipine at a dose rate of 17 μg/(kg·min), and rats were given intravenous administration of clevidipine at a dose of 5 mg/kg. Dog plasma and rat tissues were collected and assayed by HPLC-MS/MS. It was found that plasma clevidipine quickly reached the steady state concentration. The terminal half-life was short (16.8 min), pointing out a rapid elimination after the end of the infusion. The total clearance was 5 mL/(min·kg). In comparison, plasma concentration of H152/81 was increased more slowly and was significantly higher than that of clevidipine. After intravenous administration, clevidipine was distributed rapidly into all tissues examined, with the highest concentrations found in the brain, heart and liver. Maximal concentrations of clevidipine were found in most tissues at 10 min post-dosing. However, the proportion of clevidipine distributed in all tissues was quite small (0.042‰) compared to the total administration dose. It was suggested that clevidipine was mainly distributed in blood and it transformed to inactive metabolite rapidly.
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Ratos , Bloqueadores dos Canais de Cálcio , Farmacocinética , Farmacologia , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Especificidade de Órgãos , Piridinas , Farmacocinética , FarmacologiaRESUMO
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To better understand and measure the impact from immunization activities over the last 10-years, we conducted a sero-epidemiological study using the remaining blood samples of a nationwide survey on Nutrition and Health in Chinese residents, in 2002.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc in blood samples were tested using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) reagents and revised by solid phase radioimmunoassay and Abbott ELISA reagents.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among population older than 3 years, the prevalence rates of HBsAg, anti-HBs and hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection were 9.09%, 37.48% and 50.04% but for children between 3 and 12 year olds, they were 5.03%, 45.33% and 29.10% respectively. Among population older than 3 years, the rates of HBsAg and HBV infection in urban area were 4.61% and 43.51%, but the rates in rural area were 9.41% and 56.77% respectively while for children from 3-years to 12-years old, they rates were 2.10%, 20.45% in urban area and 8.25%, 39.22% in rural areas, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Results revealed that since the hepatitis B vaccine was introduced into the expanded program on immunization(EPI) from 1992, the prevalence rates of HBsAg and HBV infection, especially in the children from 3 to 12 years of age, had obviously declined, suggesting that some changes had happened in the epidemic characters of hepatitis B in China.</p>