Knowledge and Perceptions of Influenza Vaccinations Among College Students in Vietnam and the United States / 예방의학회지

OBJECTIVES: Influenza is a significant worldwide public health issue. Knowledge and perceptions regarding the flu vaccination are associated with whether individuals obtain the vaccination. The purpose of this study was to examine how such perceptions were related to knowledge and self-efficacy regarding influenza and the flu vaccination in Vietnam and the US. METHODS: College students (n=932) in Vietnam (n=495) and the US (n=437) completed a self-administered survey regarding knowledge and perceptions of influenza vaccinations in September and October 2016. RESULTS: Vietnamese participants reported significantly lower levels of awareness about flu risk, higher levels of negative attitudes toward flu vaccination, lower levels of knowledge about the flu and vaccination, and lower levels of self-efficacy than US participants. Higher levels of flu and flu vaccination knowledge and self-efficacy regarding general responsible health practices were associated with lower levels of negative perceptions of flu risk and attitudes toward vaccination. At the same time, self-efficacy regarding responsible health practices was associated with higher levels of awareness of flu risk and lower levels of negative attitudes toward vaccination. Self-efficacy regarding exercise was associated with lower levels of perceptions of flu risk and higher levels of negative attitudes toward vaccination. CONCLUSIONS: Vietnam could benefit from influenza education based on this comparison with the US. In both countries, knowledge and self-efficacy were found to be important factors influencing perceptions of influenza risk and vaccination.

Frações solúveis e insolúveis do hidrolisado proteico de resíduo de sardinha na alimentação do jundiá: consumo de ração e excreção de amônia / Soluble and insoluble fractions of the sardine waste protein hydrolysate in silver catfish feeding: feed intake and excretion of ammonia

O hidrolisado proteico de pescado é produzido por meio da hidrólise enzimática de resíduos da indústria de pescado, resultando em um ingrediente de excelente qualidade para ser utilizado na alimentação de peixes. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar o efeito das frações do hidrolisado proteico de resíduo de sardinha sobre o consumo de ração e excreção de amônia de juvenis de jundiá. Foram testadas as frações solúveis e insolúveis do hidrolisado de músculo de sardinha, avaliadas individualmente e combinadas entre si. Juvenis de jundiás (9,76±0,55g) foram divididos em 12 aquários de 20L, na densidade de quatro peixes por aquário, resultando em uma biomassa média de 1,90±0,17g/L. O hidrolisado proteico foi produzido com carcaças limpas de sardinhas mediante o uso da enzima protease bacteriana Protamex(r) (Novozymes A/S) e dele derivaram as frações solúveis e insolúveis. As dietas foram isoproteicas (39% PB) e isoenergéticas (4450kcal EB/kg), e as frações do hidrolisado foram incluídas de forma a fornecerem 50% da proteína das rações. A fração solúvel apresentou grau de hidrólise mais elevado (20,1%) em relação à fração insolúvel (9,97%). As duas dietas contendo a fração solúvel do hidrolisado foram as mais consumidas. Com cinco horas de avaliação, a dieta contendo a fração solúvel do hidrolisado aumentou a excreção de amônia em relação à dieta contendo a fração insolúvel. Após 25 horas, a fração solúvel também aumentou a excreção de amônia, mas, desta vez, em relação à dieta contendo a combinação das duas frações. Conclui-se que a inclusão da fração solúvel do hidrolisado de músculo de sardinha estimula o consumo de ração, todavia, quando a inclusão é elevada, pode haver aumento da excreção de amônia de juvenis de jundiá.(AU)

The fish protein hydrolysate is produced by the enzymatic hydrolysis of seafood industry wastes, resulting in a high quality ingredient to be used in fish feed. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the fractions of the sardine protein waste hydrolysate fractions on feed intake and ammonia excretion of silver catfish. The soluble and insoluble fractions of the sardine muscle hydrolysate, evaluated individually and in combination were tested. Juvenile silver catfish (9.76±0.55g) were divided into twelve 20L aquaria, in the density of four fish per tank, resulting in an average biomass of 1.90±0.17g/L. The protein hydrolysate was produced with fresh sardine carcasses using the enzyme Protamex(r) bacterial protease (Novozymes A/S) and soluble and insoluble fractions were derived. The diets were isonitrogenous (39% CP) and isocaloric (4450kcal EB/kg) and the hydrolysate fractions were included in order to provide 50% of the protein of the diet. The soluble fraction has higher degree of hydrolysis (20.1%) compared to the insoluble fraction (9.97%). The two diets containing the hydrolysate soluble fraction were the most consumed. With 5 hours of evaluation, the diet containing the hydrolysate soluble fraction increased the excretion of ammonia in relation to diet containing the insoluble fraction. After 25 hours, the soluble fraction also increases the excretion of ammonia but this time in relation to the diet containing a combination of two fractions. It was concluded that the inclusion of the sardine protein hydrolysate soluble fraction in the diet stimulates the silver catfish feed intake, but when inclusion is high it can increase ammonia excretion of juvenile silvercatfish.(AU)