Possible mechanisms of acrylamide- induced hormonal imbalance in adult male rats

The current study aimed to investigate the possible mechanisms by which acrylamide affects vital endocrine glands in an experimental rat model. Thirty adult Sprague Dawley male rats were divided into three experimental groups, group [1] as control; group [2] where rats were orally administered acrylamide in a dose of 5 mg/kg b. wt. daily for 12 weeks; group [3] where rats were orally administered acrylamide in a dose of 15 mg/kg b. wt. daily for 12 weeks. Plasma was analyzed for malondialdehyde [MDA], total antioxidant capacity, total and free testosterone, T[3], T[4] and corticosterone levels. Histopathological examinations of testis, thyroid gland and adrenal gland were carried out. Our results indicate that acrylamide administration significantly increases plasma lipid peroxidation with concomitant decrease in total antioxidant capacity, total and free testosterone, T[3], T[4] and corticosterone levels. These results were documented by histopathological investigations of the testis, thyroid and adrenal tissues. We conclude that acrylamide causes hormonal disturbance in experimental animals via inducing oxidative and destruction stress on vital endocrine glands which presents a potential hazards to humans

Facile preparation of 3-functional chromen-2-ones

The reaction of 3-carbethoxy-chromen-2-one [1] with thiosemicarbazide in pyridine afforded 3-[5-sulphonyl-2H-[1, 2, 4] triazol-3-yl]-chromen-2-one [2]. The alkylation of compound 2 with methyl iodide, ethyl chloroformate and ethyl bromoacetate in dry acetone gave the corresponding alky lated product 3a-c, respectively. The thiol group was readily substituted by various nitrogen nucleophiles such as hyurazine hydrate. urea and thiourea and primary amines gave the hydrazino-derivative 4, urea and thiourea derivatives 6a and 6b and amino-derivatives 7a-c. The hydrazino-derivative 4 was converted to triazolo [4, 3-b] triazolo-6-yl chromen-2-one derivatives 5a and 5b when refluxed with formic and acetic acid. The addition of thiol group in compound 2 to maleic and phthalic anhydrides was carried to give succinic and benzoic acid derivatives 8 and 10, respectively, which condensed with hydrazine hydrate to give the corresponding pyridazine derivative 9 and phthalazine derivative 11, respectively. The reaction between compound 2 and aroylacrylic acid derivatives afforded the corresponding 12a and 12b derivatives. Refluxing 12b in acetic anhydride yielded the furan derivative 13. Compounds 12b and 13 were converted to pyridazine derivative 14