[Study of active secondary metabolites of Streptomyces levis isolated from north west soils of Iran and their in vitro and in vivo antibacterial effects]

Background: Streptomyces levis is a member of Actinomycetes family. Chemical compounds extracted from this bacterium have been used as antibiotics, anti-tumoral, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, antiviral, anticancer factors. The purpose of this study‚ was to investigate different metabolites of Streptomyces strains isolated from north west soils, of Iran and antimicrobial effects of them

Methods: The soil samples were taken from north west of Iran in 2010. The isolated bacteria were purified and identified by conventional methods. The metabolites of this bacterium were extracted by 7 different solvents [diethyl ether, dichloromethane, hexane, ethyl acetate, chloroform, methanol and water]. The antimicrobial effects of metabolites were tested by disk agar diffusion method on Gram-positive and Gram- negative bacteria. The metabolites with antibacterial effects were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry [GC-MS]

Results: Metabolites produced from diethyl ether solvent affected Gram- positive and Gram- negative strains and 15 different compounds identified in the active metabolite of the bacterium. The main ingredients were: Docosanoic acid, methyl ester [11.578%], 9-12-octadecadienoic acid [2.961%], 5-Tetracosenois acid, methyl ester [8.389%], Bis [2-ethylhexyl] phthalate [2.153%], and D-alpha-Tocopherol [0.959%]

Conclusion: Results of this study showed that docosanoic acid, methyl ester [11.578%] and 5-tetracosenois acid methyl ester [8.389%], were the main metabolites of Streptomyces levis isolated from north west soils of Iran. Antimicrobial effects of extracts could be due to the presence of 1, 2-benzene dicarboxylic acid diisooctyl ester compounds and bis [2-ethylhexyl] phthalate in the metabolite

[Study of IMP type B-lactamase gene's frequency in Escherichia coli isolates collected from patients at educational hospital [Imam Reza and Shohada], Tabriz 2013]

Background and Objectives: Antibiotic resistance is one of the most problems in microbial infection control. Production of beta-lactamases can lead to resistance against the third generation cephalosporins and carbapenems. This study was conducted to evaluate the antibiotic sensitivity profiles and the presence of bla[IMP] gene in Escherichia coli isolates, collected from clinical specimens in educational hospitals of Imam Reza and Shohada in Tabriz

Materials and Methods: in this study 100 Escherichia coli were isolated. These isolates collected from patients in educational hospital [Imam Reza and Shohada]. They were identified by using conventional bacteriologic tests. antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed according to Kirby-Bauer method. Confirmatory test for production of metallo- beta-lactamase was also performed by using Modified Hodge test [MHT]. Bla[IMP] gene was detected by using PCR technique

Results: Results of antibiotic susceptibility tests revealed that the resistance rate against imipenem, meropenem, ertapenem, gentamycin, ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime, nalidix acid, ceftriaxone and cefepime were 3%, 3%, 4%, 44%, 69%, 64%, 79%, 68% and 53%, respectively. Result of MHT test revealed that 3% [3] isolates were metallo-beta-lactamase producers. PCR amplification revealed that 5% [5] of isolates carried bla[IMP] gene

Conclusion: According to the more than 60% resistance of isolates from medical educational centers to the third generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolone. In this study, we pose a consumption of carbapenemes as an alternative for serious bacterial infections. Even limited carbapenemase inducing resistance must raise awareness among hospital infectious control staff

[Effect of common paraoxonase 1 polymorphism [Q192R] on atherosclerosis risk in referred diabetic patients to Tabriz Shahid Madani heart hospital in 2010]

Paraoxonase is a HDL-associated enzyme implicated in the pathogeneses of atherosclerosis by protecting lipoproteins against peroxidition in numerous studies. Its biallelic gene polymorphism at codon 192Q>R has been associated with coronary artery disease [CAD]. Therefore, in the present study the role of polymorphism paraoxonase 1 gene was evaluated for CAD in diabetic patients. In this case- control study, peripheral blood was taken from 105 CAD patients diagnosed with angioplastically and 95 CAD individuals with no history of diabetes from Northwest of Iranian population. The abundance of mutant alleles of the 192Q>R paraoxonase were determined by PCR-RFLP. The abundance of RR allele in diabetic group was significantly higher than in selected group with no diabetic history [41.1% in diabetic vs. 24.5% in non-diabetic individuals]. Regarding significant prevalence of RR allele and considering ethnic diversities like Turk, Kurd, Lore and others living in Iran, it appears that other polymorphism of this gene like 163T>A and 55L>M is needed to be studied in diabetic patients, which their relations to atherosclerotic problem has been already determined.