Presence of multiple antimicrobial resistant strains and frequency of pseudomonas aeruginosa in bronchiectasis patients in balochistan

Objective: To discover the frequency and presence of multiple antimicrobial resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa [P.aeruginosa] in patients with Post tuberculosis bronchiectasis in Baluchistan

Design: A prospective descriptive study

Place and duration: this study was done in Pulmonology and tuberculosis outpatient department [OPD] of Fatimah Jinnah Chest Hospital and Rehan Hospital Quetta Pakistan from 1st October 2011 to 1st April 2012

Methodology: The samples were obtained from post tuberculosis patients [n=60, Age = 40+ years] suspected of bronchiectasis who were subjected to spirometry test, Mueller Hinton sensitivity testing, oxidase test and disk-diffusion method to find out frequency and multiple drug resistance of P. aeruginosa

Results: Our results confirmed the association of chronic P. aeruginosa infection with poor lung function. It is not clear whether P. aeruginosa caused the accelerated decline in lung function or it was just a marker of those whose lung function was already declining rapidly. The antibiotic susceptibility testing confirmed the presence of resistant strains of the P. aeruginosa most of which were mucoid strains. It proved that a single antibiotic therapy is not a good treatment for patients with P. aeruginosa infection in airways

Conclusion: Bronchiectasis is more frequently encountered in middle-aged and elderly persons and resistant strains of P. aeruginosa are highly prevalent in these patients

Formulation and in vitro evaluation of nateglinide microspheres using HPMC and carbopol-940 polymers by ionic gelation method

This study involves the design and characterization of Nateglinide [NAT] microspheres to enhance patient compliance. Ionic gelation technique was used to prepare Nateglinide Microspheres by using rate controlling polymers Carbopol-940 and Hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose [HPMC]. Shape and surface were evaluated with Scanning electron microscopy [SEM]. Percentage Yield, Particle size analysis, Encapsulating Efficiency, Micromeritic analysis, Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy [FTIR], Differential Scanning Colorimetry [DSC] were done for characterization of Microspheres. Drug release studies were performed at pH 1.2 and 7.2 using USP dissolution type-2 apparatus and release rates were analyzed by the application of different pharmacokinetic models. The size of microspheres was found to be varied from 781 Micro m to 853 Micro m. Rheological studies proved excellent flow behavior while percentage yield was found to be varied from 72% to 79%. Absence of drug-polymers interactions was confirmed from FTIR and DSC results. The microspheres prepared with sodium alginate showed cracks while microspheres obtained from blend of Carbopol-940 plus sodium alginate were smooth and spherical. Maximum entrapment efficiency [71.4%] was achieved for Microspheres with Carbopol-940. The greater retardation in drug release was observed for microspheres containing Carbopol-940 and release pattern followed Higuchi kinetics model and negligible drug release was observed at pH 1.2