Effect of vaccination with irradiated Toxocara canis larvae or thyme oil treatment on testicular histochemical and immunohistochemical changes of rats

@#Toxocara canis is widely distributed parasite that not only presents in definitive hosts but also occurs in paratenic hosts including human. Larvae migrate throughout the somatic tissue causing severe inflammatory and pathological reactions. This study aims to detect the effect of infection with Toxocara canis on testis of rats regarding histopathological, histochemical and immunohistochemical changes and amelioration of these changes with either vaccination with gamma radiation-attenuated embryonated eggs or with herbal treatment with thyme. The study was conducted on eighty rats classified into four groups (20 each): Group A (normal control); Group B (infected control); Group C infected and treated with thyme oil (thyme-treated); and Group D vaccinated with 800 Gy gamma radiation-attenuated embryonated eggs, and challenged with the same number of eggs (vaccinated-challenged). Testicular tissues were stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin (H &E) for histopathological study. Periodic acid Schiff’s (PAS), bromophenol blue (BPB) and Feulgen’s reaction for carbohydrates, proteins and DNA, respectively were done to examine histochemical changes. Immunohistochemical study was done through expression of TGF-β1 and caspase-3. Infected control group B showed severe histopathological changes with marked decrease in PAS +ve materials, total proteins and DNA and enhanced expression of Transforming growth factor- β1 (TGF-β1) and caspase-3. Moderate changes were observed in testicular tissues of group C treated with thyme. Slight changes were detected in vaccinated-challenged group D. It was concluded that Toxocara canis infection causes marked hispathological, histochemical and immunohistochemical changes in testicular tissues of rats that can be ameliorated by vaccination with radiation-attenuated infective stage or treated with thyme; however vaccination is more effective in protection.

Adjusted serum leptin and leptin adiponectin ratio in correlation with hyperemesis gravidarum

Aim: to determine the level of serum leptin, adiponectin and leptin /adiponectin ratio in women with hyperemesis gravidraum and compare them with hormal pregnancy in order to speculate their role in prediction and assessment of severity of the disease

Patients and method: this case control study was conducted at the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Ain-shams university maternity hospital. A total of 90 women are included in the study and are divided into two groups. Group A: Fourty five pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum. Group B Fourty five pregnant women with no hyperemesis gravidarum. The groups were compared for age, gestational age, body mass index, Leptin, adiponectin, adjusted leptin level, leptin to adiponection ratio were calculated in each group. Primary outcome was the increase in adjusted leptin level in hyperemesis gravidarum group

Results: leptin was found to be significantly high in the HG group [37.91+/- 6.42 ] , also Adjusted leptin level were found to be significantly higher in the hyperemesis gravidarum group[4.36+/- 1.26] than in the control group [P = 0.001 ] and adiponectin level were found to be lower in the HG [9.34+/-1.49] than in the control group. There was increase in leptin to adiponectin ratio as compared with severity of the disease. The maternal leptin level was positively correlated with gestational age in the HG group [r = 0.011, p= 0.944]. Also the maternal adiponectin level was positively correlated with BMI in the HG group [r = 0.290, p = 0.054]. Etiology of the hyperemesis gravidarum is multifactorial. However we can postulate the adjusted leptin level as a good predictor for hyperemesis gravidarum.,alsoLeptin to adiponectin ratio can be used to determine severity of the disease

Frequency and Sensitivity of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Positive Organisms in a Secondary and Tertiary Level Hospital Network in Dhaka.

Background: Extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) positive organisms are now a global health concern including in Bangladesh. These are associated with treatment failure, increased morbidity and mortality and increased health care costs. In this study, frequency of ESBL positive organisms in some health care centres in Dhaka city has been observed and their current status of antibiogram has also been observed. Objective: To observe the current status of antibiogram of ESBL positive organisms. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was done in the Department of Microbiology, Bangladesh Institute of Health Sciences (BIHS) General Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from March, 2012 to February, 2013. Only E. coli and Klebsiella spp. from pus and urine specimens were included in this study. Isolation, identification and antibiotic sensitivity of the organisms were done by standard procedures. Results: Organisms (Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp.) isolated from urine and pus collected from different sites of 472 subjects were studied. Predominant organisms were Escherichia coli (82.8%) and remaining 17.2% were Klebsiella spp. ESBL positive organisms were higher in Escherichia coli (54.5%) than in Klebsiella spp. (44.4%) and higher in pus (77.0%) than in urine (49.1%) isolates. Imipenem is the most effective drug for treating ESBL positive organisms followed by colistin, tigecycline and piperacillin/tazobactam. Conclusion: Imipenem, colistin, tigecycline and piperacillin/tazobactam drugs should be kept reserved and used only when other effective drugs are not available so that emergence of resistance against these drugs is deferred. While reporting the culture and sensitivity tests, the ESBL positive organisms should be pointed out with comment like this – “The organisms are ESBL positive and resistant to penicillins, cephalosporins and monobactams”.

Prevalence of ocular pseudoexfoliation syndrome and associated complications in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

To assess the prevalence of pseudoexfoliation syndrome [PEX], and associated ophthalmic complications among Saudi patients. The prevalence of PEX and associated ocular co-morbidities were determined among the Saudi patients visiting the Primary Care Clinic of Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, between January 2009 and January 2010. A total of 1967 patients were examined biomicoscopically by ophthalmologists to determine the presence of PEX and associated ocular complications. Sixty-nine of the 1967 examined patients [3.5%] showed the presence of PEX with no significant gender difference. There was an age dependent increase in the prevalence of PEX after the age of 50 years. Pseudoexfoliation syndrome was associated with higher intraocular pressure, cataract, and poor vision. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of PEX in male and female Saudi patients. Pseudoexfoliation syndrome is an age-related disorder, and its prevalence increases with age. Further larger population based studies are warranted to assess the prevalence of PEX and associated risk factors

Plastibell circumcision; evaluation of a technique in 800 cases

Purpose: evaluation of plastibell device as an option for circumcision in neonates and infants

Material and Methods: between August 2002 and July 2004,800 cases had been circumcised by the authors using the plastibell device. Eighty five percent [680 boys] were circumcised before their mothers were discharged from the hospital after delivery. This was performed as an office procedure under local anesthesia. The babies were reviewed one to two weeks later by the same surgeon

Results: the mean time for executing the procedure was 5 minutes. In 584 cases [73%] the bell fell off spontaneously between the fifth and the 7th days. Complications occurred in 48 cases [6%]. Twelve cases [1.5%] had minor bleeding during the procedure. In five cases, the bell had to be taken off and circumcision proceeded in the conventional suturing technique to control bleeding. Twenty-seven cases [3.4%] had minor infection in the form of yellowish slough that responded to simple in ensures at home. The results were satisfactory for the parents in [792] cases [99%]. Eight cases developed phimosis [1%], only four cases required re-circumcision

Conclusion: plastibell device is a simple, safe and convenient option for circumcision. It is easily learned, less time consuming and having satisfactory outcome

Concomitant chemotherapy and radiotherary in locally advanced cervical cancer

Radiotherapy has been the standard therapy for locally advanced cervical cancer for decades. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy had failed to improve survival in these patients. Concomitant combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy is promising in improving survival in many clinical trials with risk of increasing radiation reactions. We report a study comparing the combination of weekly cisplatin concomitant with irradiation versus irradiation alone in the same dose and technique. Sixty patients with cervical cancer [stage JIB-I VA] were randomized into two arms; either weekly cisplatin 40 mg/m2 plus radiotherapy [group A] or radiotherapy 45 Gy whole pelvis followed by intracavitary irradiation [to raise the dose to point A to 80 Gy] then parametrial irradiation with central shield for another 15 Gy [group B]. There was a significant difference in response to treatment in both arms [90% Vs. 69% respectively F<0.05]. Also, there was a statistically superior progression free and overall survival in the concomitant group [P<0.043 and p<0.0336]. The toxicity reported was generally limited in both groups and of lower grade despite being significantly higher in patients who received combination treatment. We conclude that combined modality is feasible and could be well tolerated in our patients population

comparison of bupivacaine 0.25% with ropivacaine 0.2% and 0.375% for caudal anaesthesia in children

Thirty- nine boys aged 3-7 yrs. ASA I. undergoing inguinal hernia repair were randomly allocated in this double-blind study. After induction of general anaesthesia, patients were given caudal injection [1 ml/kg] of bupivacaine 0.25% [B 0.25 group], ropivacaine 0.2% [R 0.2 group], or ropivacaine 0.375% [R 0.375 group]. The clinical effectiveness, the degree of motor block and any adverse effects were determined. Data were available for 36 children. The groups were comparable for demographic data and duration of surgery. The onset time of block was similar for B 0.25 and R 0.2 groups, but it was shorter for R 0.375 group [7.2 +/- 1.2 min, P<0.05]. A significantly longer [P <0.05] duration of analgesia was observed in the R 0.375 group [366 +/- 72 min], whereas the B 0.25 group [246 +/- 64 min] and the R 0.2 group [[268 +/- 81 min] were comparable. There was no difference [p >0.05] in the number of patients who did not require postoperalive analgesia in all groups. The degree of motor block was significantly lower [P <0.05] in the R 0.2 group than in the two other groups at 1.2 and 3 hours postoperatively. The mean time to first voiding was longer [P<0.05] in R 0.375 group compared to the two other groups. The mean time to first ambulation was significantly shorter [P< 0.05; in R 0.2 group compared to the two other groups. No significant difference was detected in the incidence of vomiting between the three groups. These findings suggest that caudal administration of 1 ml/kg of 0.2% ropivacaine provide equivalent analgesia to 1 ml/kg of 0.25% bupivacaine with less degree and duration of motor block. On the other hand ropivacaine 0.375% provides longer duration and better quality of analgesia but more intense motor block

Elastofibroma dorsi: a pathoradiological study and management

Elastofibroma dorsi is an uncommon soft tissue lesion that appears in elderly as a mass in the periscapular area. In this work 30 patients with elastofibroma dorsi were subjected to clinicopathological study together with radiological assessment in the form of CT, CT guided biopsy and MRI. Sixteen of those patients underwent excisional biopsy. The aim is to correlate the imaging features with the underlying histopathologic findings and how this can influence the modality of treatment. It was concluded that elastofibroma dorsi should be managed conservatively without biopsy unless CT or MR are not diagnostic. On the other hand surgical excision is indicated only for lesions that cause severe pain

Effect of different modalities of treatment on the quality of life of breast cancer patients in Egypt

The impact of breast cancer therapy on the quality of life [QL] of Egyptian women was studied. Patients were divided into four groups: 1: mastectomy alone; 2: surgery plus radiotherapy; 3: surgery plus chemotherapy; and 4: triple modality. The results revealed that all the four domains of QL of women having adjuvant therapy [groups 2, 3, or 4] were significantly altered compared to those who underwent mastectomy alone. Triple modality adversely affected global QL the most compared to radiotherapy or chemotherapy; radiotherapy had significantly less effect on QL compared to chemotherapy. Triple modality predicted the worst QL. QL measures should be incorporated with the traditional end points for evaluation of treatment and patients given health education on the effects of each therapy

A study on the prevalence of tuberculosis in a rural community of Bangladesh.

The population of two villages of Chagalnaiya Upazila was selected for a study on the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis through a two stage screening process. Initial screening was conducted on 3406 persons which is 78% of the total population (3920) of the two villages. The initial screening revealed 182 persons with the history of cough lasting 4 weeks or more, chest pain, continuous fever and haemoptysis. Sputum examinations for Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) of tuberculosis detected 21 sputum positive cases giving a prevalence rate of 6.2 (per 1000 population) higher than the estimated national average of 5.0 per 1000. Most of the cases were not receiving treatment. Some social and environmental factors of suspected and detected cases were also studied.

Glycemic index of some common Egyptian diets in NIDDM

It is well known that different carbohydrate foods elicit a wide spectrum of plasma glucose responses when eaten without other foods [Garpo et al., 1980]. The choice of carbohydrate diet should not be based on its chemical composition but on the glycemic index it produces [Garpo et al, 1981]. The aim of this work is to study the glycemic response of some.commonly used Egyptian foods in their individual and mixed forms to determine their effects on blood glucose response and hence, the possibility of incorporating them into diets of non-insulin dependent diabetics. Sixty adult NIDDM patients were studied. They were divided into six groups studied for foods each containing an equivalent amount of carbohydrate to 100 gm of glucose. The glycemic responses were calculated according to the formula of Jenkins [1981]. It has been found that the tested diets gave blood glucose responses much lower than those of equivalent amounts of glucose in a liquid formula. Leguminous diets [beans and lentils] gave lower glycemic indices then cereals [bread], with the glycemic index of lentils being lower than that of beans. Regarding mixed diets, bread and tamia had higher index than other tested foods. On previous studies [Khater 1986A and 1986B] we found the same difference in glycemic response to the tested foods in normals. This finding is different from Collier et al [1986], who found different glycemic response to the same diet between normals and diabetic individuals

Evaluation of stapler oesophageal transaction for the management of oesophageal varices

In a prospective study for the use of stapler esophageal transection in the management of portal hypertension with varices, the technique was applied to thirty patients. They consisted of three groups according to the indications for treatment;four prophylactic, fifteen elective and eleven emergency.Investigations proved that nine patients belonged to child's class A, eighteen to Band only three to C. To all patients, the new technique was applied using the EEA and ILS staplers. In the emergency group, the procedure succeeded in arresting the acute bleeding in all cases. In all patients, esophageal varices after the operation were reduced in size and collapsed compared with the preoperative state. No anastomotic leakage encountered but in three patients, defective anastomosis was detected at the time of operation and corrected manually. Liver biopsy taken at operation revealed bilharzial periportal fibrosis in fourteen cases, non-bilharzial cirrhosis in fifteen and normal findings in one. Postoperative reflux esophagitis developed in two patients

Tooth protectors for dental hazards among workers dealing with acids

In an attempt to protect the anterior teeth of workers dealing with acids from being eroded by acid mist, tooth protectors have been designed and constructed, it is composed of an outer hard acrylic shell and inner resilient adapting layer made of silicone rubber or soft acrylic resin. It was easily inserted, retained, and thin to a minimum bulk. More than 80% of workers liked it and have worn it all times of work. It could be concluded that tooth protectors could be used as prophylactic mean for occupational dental hazards in the field of industry

Fractures of the facial bones among children in the Eastern region of Libya

Sixty two patients under twelve years of age with different types of fractures of facial bones were studied. The retrospective clinical analysis indicates that the male, female ratio is almost 1:1, the etiology of the fractures was 51.6% due to falls, 22.6% due to strucks by vehicles and 25.8% were passengers

study of effect of malnutrition on eruption of teeth

In an attempt to study the relation between malnutrition and eruption of teeth among children, a total 253 male and female children aged 1-12 years were examined. These were divided into 2 groups, group 1 consisted of 110 malnourished children, and group II consisted of 143 children free from clinical signs of malnutrition. Comparisons were made between the two groups using t-test and chi-square test. The erupted teeth were recorded It was found that malnutrition causes a delay in the time of eruption of both the deciduous and the permanent dentition