Experimental research on characteristics of temperature field distribution of mild moxibustion and sparrow-pecking moxibustion / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the temperature field distribution and variation rules during treatment with mild moxibustion and sparrow-pecking moxibustion of TCM.@*METHODS@#Six healthy subjects were selected. Mild moxibustion and sparrow-pecking moxibustion were exerted at Zusanli (ST 36) respectively, for 25 min. Using infrared thermal imaging instrument, the temperature field distribution was measured during moxibustion at Zusanli (ST 36). The simulated thermometer was adopted to measure the temperature field distribution during moxibustion at the imitated cortex. At 20 min of mild moxibustion and sparrow-pecking moxibustion, the temperature field distribution generated by moxibustion was observed at the imitated cortex and Zusanli (ST 36) separately. The temperature values were collected at the sites 0.7, 2.1 and 3.5 cm far from the center of the moxibustion-exerted places successively, and then the characteristics of temperature field distribution and variation rules were compared between different moxibustion methods at the imitated cortex and Zusanli (ST 36).@*RESULTS@#At 20 min of mild moxibustion and sparrow-pecking moxibustion at Zusanli (ST 36), the temperature field distribution focused on the center of moxibustion-exerted site and the temperature was reduced to all directions and illustrated as a curved surface graph, whereas, the temperature field distribution at the imitated cortex was consistent with that at Zusanli (ST 36). With mild moxibustion, the temperature field was distributed uniformly along the longitudinal temperature gradient; whereas, with sparrow-pecking moxibustion, the longitudinal temperature of the temperature field was greatly different, in which, the maximum temperature and the average temperature were higher than those with mild moxibustion respectively and the first time up to the peak value of sparrow-pecking moxibustion was shorter than that with mild moxibustion. The thermal transfer was presented at the non-moxibustion exerted areas during the moxibustion experiment at Zusanli (ST 36).@*CONCLUSION@#A distance feature is presented in the temperature field measured by simulated thermometer and generated under suspension moxibustion at Zusanli (ST 36). The warm stimulation effect of sparrow-pecking moxibustion is much more obvious at the moxibustion-exerted center as compared with mild moxibustion and the area of warm stimulation generated by sparrow-pecking moxibustion is more concentrated as compared with mild moxibustion. The radiation energy produced by suspension moxibustion is scattered and attenuated in skin tissue, resulting in a certain temperature gradient in the temperature field. The warm stimulation generated at skin surface by moxibustion has a warming-dredging effect.

Development and application of a moxibustion instrument with multi-jointed manipulator / 中国针灸

In view of the limitations of the existing moxibustion instruments, i.e. possible accidental injury when using moxibustion instruments, the negative effects of products from moxibustion instruments on treatment efficacy and health of medical staff and patients, a moxibustion instrument with multi-jointed manipulator is designed. This moxibustion instrument could accurately control the temperature, maintain a safe moxibustion distance, automatically process the burning ashes of moxa and selectively handle moxa smoke. The experimental results shows that this instrument could maintain the constant temperature of target acupoint, reduce the risk of empyrosis, and reasonably deal with the products of moxibustion. The purification rate of moxa smoke is 44.9%, which not only ensures the therapeutic effect of moxa smoke, but also reduces the negative effects of high-concentration moxa smoke on the health of medical staff and patients.

Effectiveness and Safety of Moxibustion Robots on Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To conduct a pilot trial to explore the effectiveness and safety of moxibustion robots in treating primary dysmenorrhea (PD) and evaluate its feasibility in clinic.@*METHODS@#A total of 70 participants with PD were allocated to either moxibustion robot (MR) group (35 cases) or manual moxibustion (MM) group (35 cases) using computer-generated randomization. One acupoint Guanyuan (CV 4) was selected to receive moxa heat stimulation. Two groups of participants were given 3 menstrual cycles of MM and MR treatment respectively (once a day, 5 days a session) and received another 3 menstrual cycles follow-up. The degree of pain was evaluated by short-form McGill pain questionnaire (SF-MPQ) and the symptoms of dysmenorrhea were evaluated by Cox Menstrual Symptom Scale (CMSS). The safety was measured by the occurrence rate of adverse events (AEs), including burns (blisters, red and swollen), itching, bowel changes, menstrual cycle disorder, menorrhagia and fatigue, etc. RESULTS: A total of 62 patients completed the trial, 32 in MR group and 30 in MM group. Compared with baseline, scores of SF-MPQ and CMSS significantly decreased in both groups (P0.05). The total occurrence rate of AEs in MR group was 2.1%, which was significantly lower than MM group (7.2%, P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#MR has the same effect as MM at SF-MPQ and CMSS in patients with PD. However, MR is safer than MM (Trial registration No. ChiCTR1800018236).

Effect of trypsinogen 16 on phenotypic switch of airway fibroblasts into myofibroblasts / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relation between transdifferentiation of the airway myofibroblasts and the expression level of (trypsinogen16, TG16) in vitro and explore the mechanism of airway basement membrane thickening.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The total lung proteins were extracted from normal and OVA-induced asthmatic mice and the protein expression profiles were analyzed with SDS-PAGE. The differentially expressed proteins were isolated for analysis with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. TG16 was cloned from mouse lung tissue and subcloned into the expression vector pcDNA3.0 to generate a pcDNA3-TG16 plasmid. The vectors were transfected into mouse embryonic fibroblast 3T3 cells and cultured in MEM in the presence of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1). The mRNA levels of alpha-actin and the housekeeping GAPDH gene were analyzed with RT-PCR. Using RNA interference, TG16 expression was suppressed and the resultant alpha-actin or GAPDH protein levels were analyzed using Western blotting.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the total lung proteins from OVA-induced mice, a 25 000 Da protein was significantly enhanced in comparison with the protein profiles of normal mice. The protein band was identified to represent the protein of TG16. With TGF-beta1 stimulation, transfection with the plasmid pcDNA3-TG16 significantly suppressed the mRNA expression of alpha-actin (alpha-actin/GAPDH=1.78-/+0.50) in 3T3 cells as compared with the expression in cells transfected with pcDNA3.0 (3.20-/+1.36); transfection of the cells with TG16 stealth RNAi oligonucleotide to decrease TG16 mRNA level upregulated the protein level of alpha-actin (3.60-/+0.44) as compared with the alpha-actin protein level in 3T3 cells transfected with control oligonucleotide (2.78-/+0.50).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TG16 can inhibit the expression of alpha-actin in fibroblasts, which might be a protective mechanism in the progression of airway remodeling in asthma.</p>

Signal transduction in respiratory syncytial virus infection-induced thymic stromal lymphopoietin expression in human epithelial cells / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the mechanism of signal transduction in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-induced expression of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) in bronchial epithelial cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The eukaryotic expression vector of RSV F protein, pcDNA3-F, was constructed and transfected into in vitro cultured human bronchial epithelial cell line CRL-9483, which was also transfected with Smad7 expression vector pcDNA3/Smad7 or exposed to p38, ERK1/2, JNK, and JAK/STAT1 inhibitors. The mRNA levels of TSLP and the housekeeping GAPDH gene were analyzed 24 h later with semi-quantitative RT-PCR. In cells with downregulated TSLP mRNA expression due to the addition of the signal inhibitors, cytoplasm TSLP or GAPDH protein levels were further analyzed using Western blotting.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Virtually no TSLP mRNA expression was detected by RT-PCR in cultured CRL-9483 cells transfected with pcDNA3 exclusively (TSLP/GAPDH relative total gray scale of 0.10-/+0.03), while cell transfection with pcDNA3-F resulted in significantly increased TSLP mRNA level (0.42-/+0.20, P=0.024). In the presence of F protein expression, both p38 and JNK inhibitors could downregulate TSLP mRNA levels (0.14-/+0.04, P=0.036; 0.23-/+0.07, P=0.048, respectively), while TGF-beta-Smad inhibiting protein Smad7 (0.60-/+0.25), ERK 1/2 inhibitor (0.45-/+0.23), and JAK/STAT1inhibitor (0.44-/+0.25) failed to block TSLP expression (P>0.05). Western blotting showed that p38 inhibitor (TSLP/GAPDH relative total gray scale=3.67-/+1.18, P=0.018) and JNK inhibitor (1.48-/+0.77, P=0.004) also downregulated the protein levels of TSLP as compared with pcDNA3-F transfection group (8.13-/+2.20).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>RSV F protein can stimulate TSLP expression in human bronchial epithelial cells mediated partially by p38 and JNK signal pathways.</p>