Effect of XBP1/CHOP/Puma signaling pathway on apoptosis in cardiomyocyte of high glucose environment / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of X-box binding protein 1(XBP1) on the apoptosis of H9C2 cardiomyocytes under high glucose by XBP1/CHOP/Puma signaling pathway.Methods: The experiment were divided into four groups:low glucose group (LG group),high glucose group (HG group),high glucose+siRNA-NC group (HG+NC group),high glucose+siRNA-XBP1 (HG +siRNA).The expression of XBP1,C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP),p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis(Puma), Caspase-3 in the cells after transfected were detected by Western blot;CCK-8 were used to detect the cell proliferation.Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry.Results:siRNA-XBP1 reduced the expression of XBP1 in cardiomyocytes(P<0.05).Compared with LG group,the survival rate of HG group,HG +NC group and HG +siRNA group was significantly decreased (P<0.05),and the apoptosis rate was significantly increased(P<0.05).Compared with HG group,the survival rate of HG+siRNA group was significantly increased (P<0.05),and the apoptosis rate was significantly decreased(P<0.05).XBP1,CHOP,Puma in HG group,HG +NC group and HG+siRNA group was significantly higher than in LG group(P<0.05).Compared with HG group,the expression of XBP1,CHOP, Puma and Caspase-3 in HG+siRNA group was significantly lower(P<0.05).Conclusion:XBP1 inhibits cardiomyocyte apoptosis and promotes proliferation by regulating XBP1/CHOP/Puma signaling pathway.

Genotype distribution of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and AmpC beta-lactamases produced in Escherichia coli isolated from men with urinary infection / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the genotype distribution of extended-spectrum p-lactamases (ESBLs) and AmpC p-lactamases produced in E. coli isolated from men with urinary infection in Nanjing.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Organisms of clinical infection were identified by automatic microbial system (Vitek-32). ESBLs were detected by disk diffusion confirmatory test, and ESBLs and AmpC p-lactamases by three-dimensional extract test (TDET) , the presence of plasmid-mediated ESBLs and ampC genes determined by PCR, and conjugal transfer assays of the ampC resistance determinants carried out by a broth mating procedure.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>ESBLs were produced in 24. 6% (46/187) of the E. coli and the 46 E. coli isolates showed p-lactamase activity in TDET, 3 positive for both ESBLs and AmpC beta-lactamases and 43 for ESBLs only. Forty-four of the 46 isolates were shown by PCR to contain at least one of the genes blaTEM, blaOXA, bla(CTX-M), but no blaSHA. AmpC specific amplication products were observed in 3 of the 46 isolates, of which 2 were of CIT type, and 1 of DHA type. All of the 3 transconjugants transferred the plasmids harbouring ampC genes to recipients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CTX-M is the most common genotype in plasmid-mediated ESBLs produced by E. coli isolated from men with urinary infection in Nanjing. Present findings indicate that AmpC-producing E. coli are present in this hospital, and ampC-encoding plasmids are transferable.</p>

Distribution and resistance trends of pathogens from urinary tract infections and impact on management / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the bacterial profile and pattern of antibiotic resistance of urinary tract infections (UTIs) pathogens and to determine its clinical impact on management.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Midstream urine samples were submitted for culture from 1998 to 2002, and 798 isolates were obtained for antimicrobial susceptibility testing including amikacin (AMK), ampicillin (AMP), cefzolin (CFZ), cefuroxime (CXM), ceftriaxone (CRO), ceftaxime (CTX), ceftazidime (CAZ), nalidixoc acid (NAL), ciprofloxacin (CIP), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (SXT), nitrofurantoin (NIT) for Gram-negative bacteria and oxcillin (OXA), ampicillin (AMP), cefzolin (CFZ), ciprofloxacin (CIP), gentamicin (Gen), vancomycin (VAN), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (SXT), nitrofurantoin (NIT) for Gram-positive cocci. beta-lactamases and ESBLs were tested when needed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Enterobacteriaceae was the most frequently isolated pathogen. Among all the isolates, Escherichia coli accounted for 66.0%, followed by Enterococcus (6.5%), Klebsiella spp. (6.0%), Staphylococcus (5.4%). High resistance rates to CIP (56.0%), SXT (67.0%) and AMP (78.9%) were observed among the E. coli. CIP-resistant E. coli strains are being isolated with increasing frequency. From 1998 to 2002 the incidence of CIP-resistant increased steadily from 46.6% to 59.4%. A higher resistance rate to NAL was apparent. In contrast, NIT displayed a resistance rate of 8.9%, and AMK 4.9%. The ESBLs positive rate was 12.9% among the E. coli and 33.3% among the Klebsiella spp. respectively. A high resistance rate to CIP was also observed among the Staphylococcus (38.1%), Enterococcus (61.5%) and Streptococcus (85.0%), and the beta-lactamases positive rate was 95.2% among the Staphylococcus, but a lower resistance rate to NIT among Staphylococcus (2.4%) and Enterococcus (11.5%).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Resistance rates among common uropathogens continue to evolve and appear to be increasing to many commonly used agents especially to quinolones. Continued surveillance of resistance rates among uropathogens is needed to ensure appropriate recommendations for the treatment of the infections. Currently, the most appropriate agent for the empirical management of UTIs seems to be nitrofurantoin.</p>