Mechanism of Biejiajian Wan Against EMT of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells Through NF-κB Signaling Pathway / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of Biejiajian Wan （BJJW） on transforming growth factor-β1 （TGF-β1）-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition （EMT） of HepG2 cells， and explore its mechanism against EMT of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. MethodHepG2 cells were randomly divided into a blank group， a TGF-β1 model group （10 μg·L-1 TGF-β1）， a low-dose BJJW group （10 μg·L-1 TGF-β1+0.55 g·kg-1 BJJW）， a medium-dose BJJW group （10 μg·L-1 TGF-β1+1.1 g·kg-1 BJJW）， a high-dose BJJW group （10 μg·L-1 TGF-β1+2.2 g·kg-1 BJJW）， and a sorafenib group （10 μg·L-1 TGF-β1+0.03 g·kg-1 sorafenib）. The EMT model was induced by 10 μg·L-1 TGF-β1 in HepG2 cells. After treatment with corresponding medicated serum， cell counting kit -8 （CCK-8） assay was used to detect cell proliferation. Cell migration ability was detected by the Transwell assay and wound healing assay. The protein expression related to EMT and nuclear factor-kappa B （NF-κB） signaling pathway was detected by cell immunofluorescence assay and Western blot. ResultCompared with the blank group 4 days later， the TGF-β1 model group showed fusiform and loose cells with widened gap and antennae reaching out， decreased protein expression of E-cadherin （P<0.05）， and increased protein expression of N-cadherin and vimentin （P<0.05）， which indicated that the EMT model was properly induced in HepG2 cells by TGF-β1 stimulation for 4 days. After 48 hours of treatment with the corresponding medicated serum， each medication group showed inhibited proliferation of HepG2 cells that had undergone EMT， especially the low- and high-dose BJJW groups （P<0.01）， and the medium-dose BJJW group showed increased E-cadherin protein expression （P<0.05） and decreased p-p65， N-cadherin， and vimentin protein expression （P<0.05）， as compared with the TGF-β1 model group. As revealed by the transwell assay and wound healing assay， TGF-β1 enhanced the migration ability of HepG2 cells （P<0.05， P<0.01） compared with the results in the blank group， compared with the TGF-β1 model group， the medication groups showed inhibited migration ability of HepG2 cells （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the blank group， the TGF-β1 model group promoted the expression of p65 and Snail into the nucleus. Compared with the TGF-β1 model group， the medication groups inhibited the expression of p65 and Snail into the nucleus. ConclusionBJJW may inhibit the EMT， proliferation， and migration of HepG2 cells induced by TGF-β1 by suppressing the NF-κB signaling pathway to exert an anti-hepatocellular carcinoma effect.

Mechanism of Biejiajian Wan in Reversing EMT in Rat Hetapic Oval Cells via Wnt/ β-catenin Pathway / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To study the effect of Biejiajian Wan on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition （EMT） of rat hepatic oval cells induced by transforming growth factor- β1（TGF-β1）， in order to explore its mechanism in reversing EMT. Method:WB-F344 cells were divided into five groups： blank group， TGF-β1 model group （10 μg·L-1TGF-β1）， low-dose group （10 μg·L-1TGF-β1+0.55 g·kg-1Biejiajian Wan）， medium-dose group （10 μg·L-1TGF-β1+1.1 g·kg-1Biejiajian Wan）， high-dose group （10 μg·L-1TGF-β1+2.2 g·kg-1Biejiajian Wan）. Except blank group， TGF-β1 was used to induce WB-F344 cells in all of the remaining groups to construct an EMT model. After the cells were treated with low， medium and high doses of Biejiajian Wan serum， the changes of migration ability of WB-F344 cells were detected by cell scratching test. The expressions of E-cadherin， N-cadherin and Vimentin were detected by Western blot. Real-time PCR was used to detect the changes in the expression of β-catenin mRNA. The expression of β-catenin was detected by cell immunofluorescence assay. Result:Compared with normal WB-F344 cells， the intercellular space of WB-F344 cells became loose from tight， and the morphology changed from cobblestone to fibroblast after TGF-β1 induced WB-F344 cells for 4 days， and the expression of E-cadherin protein decreased， while the expression of N-cadherin protein increased （P<0.01）， indicating that the EMT model of WB-F344 cells was successfully built. Compared with the blank group， the migration ability of WB-F344 cells in TGF-β1 model group was enhanced （P<0.01）， compared with TGF-β1 model group， Biejiajian Wan could significantly inhibit the migration ability of WB-F344 cells； specifically， the low-dose group had no statistical significance， and the medium and high-dose groups had statistical significance （P<0.05）. Western blot results showed that compared with the blank group， the expression of E-cadherin decreased， whereas those of N-cadherin and Vimentin increased in the TGF-β1 model group （P<0.01）， compared with TGF-β1 model group， E-cadherin protein expression was increased in the low， medium and high-dose groups， while the expressions of N-cadherin and Vimentin was decreased； specifically， the low-dose groups had no statistical significance， and the medium and high dose groups had statistical significance （P<0.05，P<0.01）. Real-time PCR results showed that compared with the blank group， the mRNA expression of β-catenin in the TGF-β1 model group was increased （P<0.05）， whereas compared with TGF-β1 model group， the mRNA expression of β-catenin in the low， medium and high-dose groups of Biejiajian Wan was reduced （P<0.01）. The results of cellular immunofluorescence showed that compared with the blank group， the fluorescence expression of β-catenin in the cell nucleus was enhanced in the TGF-β1 model group； and compared with the TGF-β1 model group， the expression of β -catenin in the cell nucleus of the low， medium and high-dose groups of Biejiajian Wan decreased， and the inhibitory effect of Biejiajian Wan on β-catenin in the cell nucleus was positively correlated with its concentration. Conclusion:Biejiajian Wan may reverse the EMT process that TGF-β1 induced WB-F344 cells， and inhibit the migration of WB-F344 cells by inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

In vivo study of liposome-modified polyetheretherketone implant on bacteriostasis and osseointegration / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To develop dexamethasone plus minocycline-loaded liposomes (Dex/Mino liposomes) and apply them to improve bioinert polyetheretherketone (PEEK) surface, which could prevent post-operative bacterial contamination, enhance ossification for physiologic osseointegration, and finally reduce implant failure rates.@*METHODS@#Dex/Mino liposomes were covalently grafted onto the PEEK surface using polydopamine (pDA) coating as a medium. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to confirm the binding of fluorescently labeled liposomes onto the PEEK substrate, and a microplate reader was used to semiquantitatively measure the average fluorescence intensity of fluorescently labeled liposome-decorated PEEK surfaces. Moreover, the mouse subcutaneous infection model and the beagle femur implantation model were respectively conducted to verify the bioactivity of Dex/Mino liposome-modified PEEK in vivo, by means of micro computed tomography (micro-CT) and hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining analysis.@*RESULTS@#The qualitative and quantitative results of fluorescently labeled liposomes showed that, the red fluorescence intensity of the PEEK-pDA-lipo group was stronger than that of the PEEK-NF-lipo group (P < 0.05); the liposomes were successfully and uniformly decorated on the PEEK surfaces due to the pDA coating. After mouse subcutaneous implantation of PEEKs for 24 hours, HE staining results showed that the number of inflammatory cells in the PEEK-Dex/Mino lipo group were lower than that in the inert PEEK group (P < 0.05), indicating a lower degree of infection in the test group. These results suggested that the Mino released from the liposome-functionalized surface provided an effective bacteriostasis in vivo. After beagle femoral implantation of PEEK for 8 weeks, micro-CT results showed that the PEEK-Dex/Mino lipo group newly formed more continuous bone when compared with the inert PEEK group; HE staining results showed that more new bones were formed in the PEEK-Dex/Mino lipo group than in the inert PEEK group, which were firmly bonded to the functionalized PEEK surface and extended along the PEEK interface. These results suggested that the Dex released from the liposome-functionalized surface induced effective bone regeneration in vivo.@*CONCLUSION@#Dex/Mino liposome modification enhanced the bioactivity of inert PEEK, the functionalized PEEK with enhanced antibacterial and osseointegrative capacity has great potential as an orthopedic/dental implant material for clinical application.

Mechanism of Biejia Jianwan in Suppressing Epithelial-mesenchymal Transition in DEN-induced Rat Hepatocellular Carcinoma via TGF-β/Smad Pathway / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To study the effect of Biejia Jianwan on expressions of signal molecules and target genes of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smad pathway in diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced rat hepatocellular carcinoma, and explore the mechanisms of Biejia Jianwan suppressing the invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma. Method:The rats were divided into three group, namely normal group, model group and Biejia Jianwan group (2.2 g·kg-1·d-1). Rats in Biejia Jianwan group and model group received intraperitoneal injections of DEN to induce sequential chronic inflammation, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. At the sign of cirrhosis, rats in Biejia Jianwan group began taking Biejia Jianwan by gavage for 6 weeks. Rat blood was collected to measure serum levels of biochemical markers of liver function tests, including alanine aminotransferase(ALT), aspartate aminotransferase(AST), total bilirubin(TBIL), albumin(Alb), γ-glutamyl transpeptadase(GGT), alkaline phosphatase(ALP). Rat livers were fixed in formalin and stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE)staining， quantitative real-time PCR was used to test the mRNA expressions of TGF-β1， and Western blot was used to test protein expressions of TGF-β1, Smad2/3, p-Smad2/3, N-cadherin, E-cadherin and Vimentin. Result:All of the levels of biochemical markers showed no difference in Biejia Jianwan group and model group. Biejia Jianwan could improve the pathological changes of balloon-like degeneration, edema, and necrosis in liver cancer tissues. Importantly, the treatment dramatically decreased the mRNA expression of TGF-β1(P<0.01), and the protein expressions of TGF-β1, p-Smad2(P<0.01). Besides, the protein expression of N-cadherin and Vimentin were decreased significantly (P<0.01). Conclusion:Biejia Jianwan can inhibit epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in hepatocellular carcinoma cells activated via TGF-β/Smad pathway by reducing TGF-β1 expression, so as to suppress the metastasis and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Application of computer-assisted 3D navigation in surgical treatment of spine tumors: An update / 第二军医大学学报

Over the past few decades, surgical treatment for spinal tumors has experienced many technological innovations, including surgical methods, implantations, biological agents, computer-assisted navigation equipment and so on. The real-time intraoperative imaging guidance and 3D imaging reconstruction provide theoretical and technical support for accurate location and resection of spinal tumors. The intraoperative navigation has been widely introduced into the surgical treatment of orthopaedic diseases, such as pedicle screw placement, pelvic fracture fixation, etc., and achieved satisfactory effectiveness. The application of navigation technology platform has greatly improved the minimally invasive treatment and precise resection of spinal tumors, and reduced the radiation exposure injury during operation. In this review, we sum up the effectiveness, safety and development prospects of navigation technology for spinal tumor treatment.

Research of differences of miRNAs expression profiles in different metastatic potential HCC cell lines / 中国药理学通报

Aim To screen the differential microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles of different metastatic po-tential liver cancer cell lines,and predict miRNAs-reg-ulated target genes and their functions. Methods To-tal RNA was extracted and the miRNA expression pro-files were obtained by miRNA microarray chip hybrid-ization. The miRNAs whose expression had significant difference were selected by analyzing the miRNA difference expression profiles of the two different meta-static potential liver cancer cell lines, namely MHCC-97H(high-metastasis) and Hep3B(non-metastasis), which were compared with normal hepatocytes L02 re-spectively. Moreover, we analyzed the miRNA differ-ential expression profile between liver cancer cell lines MHCC-97H and Hep3B. The miRNAs were verified by qPCR and target genes were predicted by four softwares (TargetScan, miRanda, miRWalk, miRDB). To un-derstand the biological functions of predicted target genes, bioinformatics analysis was performed. Results The miRNA microarray results showed that the ex-pression of miR-192-5p and miR-215-5p significantly increased in liver cancer cell lines (MHCC-97H, Hep3B) when compared with normal hepatocytes L02, while miR-130a-3p and miR-196a-5p were significantly reduced; compared with Hep3B, the expression of miR-224-5p markedly increased in liver cancer cell line MHCC-97H, while miR-146a-5p, miR-483-3p and miR-200b-3p were significantly reduced. The re-sults of qRT-PCR were consistent with chip results. Conclusion There are differences of miRNA expres-sion profiles in different metastatic potential liver canc-er cell lines MHCC-97H, Hep3B, and they may par-ticipate in regulating the development and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Dosimetric analysis of volumetric modulated arc therapy and intensity modulated radiotherapy for patients undergone breast-conserving operation / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the dosimetric differences between volumetric modulated arc therapy and intensity modulated radiotherapy for breast cancer patients after breast-conserving surgery.@*METHODS@#Ten patients who received radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery were selected. Eclipse planning system was used to design volumetric rotating intensity-modulated (2F-RapidArc) and two field intensity-modulated radiation therapy (2F-IMRT) planning for each patient. 2F-RapidArc plans were made using two partial arcs with gantry rotation from 287°-293° to 152°-162°, and 0° to 90 ° was avoidance sector. The gantry angle of 2F-IMRT were 301°-311° and 125°-135°. The prescription dose was 46 Gy/23 fractions. All plans required 95% of the target volume receiving the prescription dose. The dose distribution of the target, organs at risk, machine unit (MU) and treatment time were compared.@*RESULTS@#2F-RapidArc and 2F-IMRT plans' uniformity index was 1.12±0.02 and 1.11±0.03 (P=0.282), respectively; conformal index was 0.80±0.03 and 0.65±0.04 (P<0.001), respectively. V110 of plan target volume was 20.98%±14.47% and 10.43%±10.49% (P=0.030), respectively. Compared with the 2F-IMRT, 2F-RapidArc plans had a higher dosimetric parameters for left lung: V5 (48.06%±17.32% vs. 24.23%±6.56%,P=0.001), V10 (28.89±9.28 vs.17.07±4.78%,P=0.004), Dmean [(9.70±2.14) Gy vs. (6.86±1.77) Gy, P=0.002], increased the double lung: V5 (22.85%±7.55% vs. 11.01%± 2.95%,P=0.001), V10 (13.16%±4.33% vs. 7.76%± 2.16%, P=0.006), Dmean [(4.66±0.95) Gy vs. (3.17±0.82) Gy, P=0.001], reduced the left lung: V40 (3.58%±1.46% vs. 6.19%±3.04%, P=0.006), reduced the double lung: V40 (1.61%±0.64% vs. 2.81%± 1.39%,P=0.005), increased cardiac: V5 (39.3%±17.19% vs. 8.79%±4.24%, P<0.001), V10 (21.31%±13.8% vs. 5.73%±3.42%, P=0.002), V20 (7.80%±6.08% vs. 4.05%±2.85%,P=0.018), Dmean [(0.64±0.25) Gy vs. (0.29±1.39) Gy,P<0.001],reduced the heart: V40(0.50%±0.40% vs. 1.86%±1.94%,P=0.037),increased the contralateral breast Dmean [(1.63±1.26) Gy vs. (0.09±0.05) Gy, P=0.004]. Compared with 2F-IMRTplan, 2F-RapidArc increased the treatment time [(132.9±7.2) s vs. (140.3±11.6) s, P=0.030]. Both the machine units were almost the same [(467.0±30.4) MU vs. (494.7±44.9) MU, P=0.094].@*CONCLUSION@#Both 2F-RapidArc and 2F-IMRT plans could reach the clinical requirements. 2F-RapidArc had a better conformal index, reduced the high dose area, but increased the low dose regions of the lung, heart, body area, and increased the average dose of the contralateral breast. The treatment time of 2F-RapidArc was longer than that of 2F-IMRT, and the MU of 2F-RapidArc and 2F-IMRT plans were almost the same.

Research progress of miRNAs targeting GSK-3β in regulation of hepatocellular carcinoma invasion and metastasis / 南方医科大学学报

Invasion and metastasis are key factors contributing to the high mortality rate of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) involving a complex mechanism. In the invasion and metastasis of HCC, miRNAs can serve as either oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes to regulate the differentiation and proliferation of tumor cells being and play important roles in tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis. This review summarizes the recent progress in research of the molecular mechanisms by which miRNAs targeting GSK-3β regulate HCC invasion and metastasis and examines the roles of miRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, metastasis, and GSK-3β regulation.

Dosimetric Study of Biliary Stent Loaded with RadioactiveI Seeds / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>A novel radioactive 125I seed-loaded biliary stent has been used for patients with malignant biliary obstruction. However, the dosimetric characteristics of the stents remain unclear. Therefore, we aimed to describe the dosimetry of the stents of different lengths - with different number as well as activities of 125I seeds.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The radiation dosimetry of three representative radioactive stent models was evaluated using a treatment planning system (TPS), thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) measurements, and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. In the process of TPS calculation and TLD measurement, two different water-equivalent phantoms were designed to obtain cumulative radial dose distribution. Calibration procedures using TLD in the designed phantom were also conducted. MC simulations were performed using the Monte Carlo N-Particle eXtended version 2.5 general purpose code to calculate the radioactive stent's three-dimensional dose rate distribution in liquid water. Analysis of covariance was used to examine the factors influencing radial dose distribution of the radioactive stent.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The maximum reduction in cumulative radial dose was 26% when the seed activity changed from 0.5 mCi to 0.4 mCi for the same length of radioactive stents. The TLD's dose response in the range of 0-10 mGy irradiation by 137Cs γ-ray was linear: y = 182225x - 6651.9 (R2=0.99152; y is the irradiation dose in mGy, x is the TLDs' reading in nC). When TLDs were irradiated by different energy radiation sources to a dose of 1 mGy, reading of TLDs was different. Doses at a distance of 0.1 cm from the three stents' surface simulated by MC were 79, 93, and 97 Gy.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>TPS calculation, TLD measurement, and MC simulation were performed and were found to be in good agreement. Although the whole experiment was conducted in water-equivalent phantom, data in our evaluation may provide a theoretical basis for dosimetry for the clinical application.</p>

Stenting of the Portal Vein Combined with Different Numbers of Iodine-125 Seed Strands: Dosimetric Analyses / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>Background:</b>Portal-vein stent combined with one iodine-125 (I) seed strand has become a new treatment for portal vein tumor thrombosis. However, dosimetric aspects of this irradiation stent have not been reported. Therefore, we aimed to undertake dosimetric analyses comparing portal-vein stents combined with different numbers ofI seed strands.</p><p><b>Methods:</b>A water cylinder was created by a treatment-planning system to simulate a portal-vein stent. The stent was combined with one, two, or threeI seed strands (Groups I, II, and III, respectively). At different prescribed doses (PDs),I seeds of identical activities were loaded on Groups I-III. Conformation number (CN), external volume index, and homogeneity index were calculated. Linear regression analyses were used to evaluate the obtained data.</p><p><b>Results:</b>For identicalI seed activity, when theI seed strand increased from one chain to two, D(dose delivered to 90% of the target volume) increased by ≥184%; when it increased from two chains to three, Dincreased by ≥63%. When the PD was 105 Gy andI seed strands increased from one chain to two, V(percentage of the target volume receiving ≥90% of the PD) increased by 158-249%; when it increased from two chains to three, Vincreased by 7-175%. CN was correlated positively withI seed activity (B = 0.479, P < 0.001) and number ofI seed strands (B = 0.201, P < 0.001) and was independent of PD (B = -0.002, P = 0.078).</p><p><b>Conclusions:</b>A portal-vein stent combined with a singleI seed strand could not meet dosimetry requirements. For a stent combined with twoI seed strands, when the PD was 105 Gy and seed activity was 0.7 mCi, the dose distribution could satisfy dosimetry requirements. For a stent combined with threeI seed strands, if the PD was 105, 125, or 145 Gy, the recommended seed activities were 0.5, 0.5, and 0.6 mCi, respectively.</p>

Immunomodulatory effects of human amniotic versus bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells on peripheral blood T lymphocytes in vitro / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the immunomodulatory effects of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cell (hAMSCs) and human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) on peripheral blood T lymphocytes in an in vitro co-culture system.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>hAMSCs and hBMSCs isolated using enzymatic digestion and Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient centrifugation, respectively, were culture-expanded in vitro to obtain the 4th-generation cells. The two MSCs were co-cultured separately with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA-PBMSC) to investigate the changes in T lymphocyte subsets using flow cytomety and the production of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-10 by the T lymphocytes using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Co-culture with either hAMSCs or hBMSCs significantly increased the proportions of Treg, Th2 and Tc2 and decreased Th1 and Tc1 cell subsets in the PBMCs as compared with the PBMCs cultured alone (P<0.05), and the changes in the PBMCs were similar between the two co-culture systems (P>0.05). In both of the two co-culture systems, IL-2 production by the lymphocytes was significantly lowered (P<0.05) and IL-10 production was significantly increased (P<0.05) as compared with their levels in the PBMCs cultured alone; no significant difference was found in IL-2 or IL-10 levels between the two co-culture systems (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The MSCs derived from human amnion and bone marrow have similar immunomodulatory effects on the T lymphocytes, suggesting the possibility of using hAMSCs in the treatment of graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.</p>

Comparison of Biological Characteristics and Immunosuppressive Activity between Human Amniotic Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the biological characteristics and immunosuppressive activity between human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSC) and human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMMSC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>MSC from human amnion and bone marrow were isolated using enzymatic digestion and Ficoll-Hypaque density gradients, respectively. Their biological characteristics were compared by morphology, cell growth curves, cell cycle profile analysis, immunophenotype and immunofluorescence assay. Their immunosuppressive activities were studied on total activated T-cells with phytohemagglutinin (PHA-PBMSC). An in vitro co-culture was performed to compared the lymphocyte proliferation and the supernatant level of IFN-γ were measured by CCK-8 method and ELISA, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Both hAMSC and hBMMSC demonstrated fibroblast-like morphology. The hAMSC were able to be amplified for at least 15 passages, while the hBMMSC only for 6-7 passages. There was no significant difference in the proportion of G2/M phase cells of the 2 cells types (P>0.05). By FACS analysis for immunophenotype, both MSC were shown to be positive for CD105, CD90, CD73 and negative for CD34, CD45, CD11b, CD19, HLA-DR, but hAMSC were positive for Oct-3/4, which was in contrast to hBMMSC. Both of them expressed vimentin. Both the cells exhibited a inhibitory role on the lymphocyte proliferation induced by PHA in co-culture conditions, that was increased with the increase MSC proportion and both the suppressing effecs were enhanced. The supernatant IFN-γ levels of hAMSC co-cultured with lymphocyte at a ratio of 1:1 after 72 hours were measured by ELISA, and the level of IFN-γ was significantly lower than that in the same co-culture system of hBMMSC. In contrast to the IFN-γ in the PHA-stimulated group, the IFN-γ level in both co-culture groups was significantly lower.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>MSC from amnion displayed a higher proliferative capacity and stem cell properties, compared with hBMMSC. Both MSC can inhibit lymphocyte proliferation and suppress IFN-γ secretion induced by PHA in vitro.</p>

Inhibitory effect of Biejiajian pills on HepG2 cell xenograft growth and expression of β-catenin and Tbx3 in nude mice / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the molecular mechanism by which Biejiajian pills inhibit hepatocellular carcinoma in a nude mouse model bearing HepG2 cell xenograft.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The inhibitory effect of Biejiajian pills on the growth of HepG2 cell xenograft in nude mice was observed. Immunohistochemical method was used to examine proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression in HepG2 cell xenograft, and TUNEL method was employed to detect the cell apoptosis; the expression levels of β-catenin and Tbx3 were measured by Western blotting.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Biejiajian pills significantly suppressed the growth of HepG2 cell xenograft in nude mice. The tumor-bearing mice treated with a high and a moderate dose of Biejiajian pills showed significantly increased apoptosis rate of the tumor cells [(22.9±1.220)% and (14.7±0.50)%, respectively] compared with the control group [(5.5±0.90)%, P<0.05]. Treatment with Biejiajian pills significantly decreased the expressions of PNCA, β-catenin, and Tbx3 in the cell xenograft (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Biejiajian pills can inhibit the growth of HepG2 cell xenograft in nude mice and promote tumor cell apoptosis possibly by inhibiting PNCA expression and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.</p>

Effect of remifentanil preconditioning on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the delayed cardioprotection induced by remifentanil in intact rat ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) models.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 42 adult male Wistar rats weighing 200-300 g were randomly divided into 7 groups (n = 6 in each group): In Group I, rats were injected with normal saline via tail vein, performed with the regimen of 3 x 5-min intravenous (i.v.) infusion at a rate of 0.1 ml x kg(-1) min(-1) 24 h before I/R; In Group II, rats were treated according to the same experimental protocols as in Group I except receiving additional naloxone (0.1 mg/kg) 10 minutes before normal saline pretreatment; In Groups III, IV, V, and VI, rats were treated with remifentanil via tail vein, performed with the regime of 3 x 5-min i.v. infusion at a rate of 2 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1) 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h before I/R; In Group VII, the rats were treated according to the same experimental protocols as in Group IV except that they received additional naloxone (0.1 mg/kg) 10 minutes before remifentanil pretreatment. Heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and a lead II electrocardiogram were continuously monitored during IR process. To determine plasma concentration of creatine kinase myocardial isoenzyme-MB (CK-MB), arterial blood samples were obtained immediately before ischemia, and at the end of ischemia and reperfusion. After a 120-min reperfusion, heart was removed for the measurement of myocardial infarct size. Infarct size (IS) was expressed as percentage of the area at risk.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>HR, MAP, and rate-pressure product were not significantly different at each time points among all groups (P > 0.05). Compared with Group I, plasma concentrations of CK-MB at the end of ischemia and reperfusion and myocardial infarct size were significantly lower in Groups IV and V (P < 0.05). Compared with Group IV, plasma concentrations of CK-MB at the end of ischemia and reperfusion were significantly higher and myocardial infarct size was significantly larger in Group VII (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Remifentanil preconditioning induces delayed cardioprotection in intact rat ischemia-reperfusion model, which may be triggered via opioid receptors.</p>

Comparison of hemodynamic responses to nasotracheal intubations with Glide Scope video-laryngoscope, Macintosh direct laryngoscope, and fiberoptic bronchoscope / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the hemodynamic responses to nasotracheal intubation with Glide Scope video-laryngoscope (GSVL), Macintosh direct laryngoscope (MDLS), and fiberoptic bronchoscope (FOB).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty patients, with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I - II, aged 18- 50 years, and scheduled for elective plastic surgery under general anesthesia requiring nasotracheal intubation, were randomly allocated equally to GSVL group, MDLS group, and FOB group. After the routine anesthesia induction, nasotracheal intubation was performed with the GSVL, MDLS, and FOB, respectively. Noninvasive blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded before (baseline values) and after anesthesia induction (postinduction values), at intubation, and subsequently at an interval of every 1 minute for a total of five minutes. The maximum and minimum values of BP and HR during the observation period were also noted. The rate pressure product (RPP) at each measuring time point was calculated. The areas under effect-time curve (AUE) of hemodynamics were calculated by time as X-axis and changes of BP and HR during the observation as Y-axis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the three groups were similar in the demographic data and intubation time. After anesthesia induction, BP and RPP in all the three groups decreased significantly compared to baseline values (P < 0. 05), while HR had no significant change. After nasotracheal intubation, BP, HR, and RPP in all three groups were significantly higher than the postinduction values (P < 0.05). In the FOB group, BP, HR, and RPP at intubation significantly increased when compared with the baseline values (P < 0.05). In the MDLS group, HR at intubation, and maximum values of diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), HR, and RPP during the observation were significantly higher than the baseline values (P < 0.05). In the GSVL group, all hemodynamic parameters at intubation and after intubation were not significantly different from the baseline values. BP, HR, and RPP at intubation, and the incidences of HR more than 100 bpm during the observation were significantly higher in the FOB group than in the other two groups (P < 0.05). BP was not significantly different during the observation between the MDLS and GSVL groups, but HR and RPP at intubation and after intubation as well as AUE(HR) were significantly higher in the MDLS group than in the GSVL group (P < 0.05). AUE(HR) and AUE(SBP) were significantly lower in the GSVL group than in the FOB group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The hemodynamic responses to nasotracheal intubation are most severe with FOB, followed by MDLS, and then GSVL.</p>

N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester inhibits the up-regulated expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase/NMDA receptor in the morphine analgesia tolerance rats / 生理学报

The effect of systemic administration of nonspecific nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, L-NAME) on morphine analgesia tolerance was observed by using the thermal tail-flick method, and the roles of NO and NMDA receptors in morphine analgesia tolerance were evaluated on the basis of the expressions of nNOS mRNA, NR1A mRNA and NR2A mRNA in spinal cord and midbrain. Thirty-six healthy adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups (6 rats per group). Group 1, control group, received a subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of normal saline (1 ml); Groups 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, the treatment groups received s.c. injection of L-NAME 10 mg/kg, L-NAME 20 mg/kg, morphine 10 mg/kg, L-NAME 10 mg/kg + morphine 10 mg/kg, and L-NAME 20 mg/kg + morphine 10 mg/kg, respectively. All rats received s.c. injections twice per day (8:00 and 17:00). The tail-flick latency (TFL) was measured in each rat before the injection as a baseline value, and then TFL at 50 min after the 1st injection every day as the measuring values. The animals (except for groups 2 and 5) were decapitated at 80 min after the last injection on the 8th day. The spinal segments and midbrain were removed for analysis of nNOS mRNA, NR1A mRNA and NR2A mRNA expressions by the RT-PCR method. The results showed that TFL remained unchangeable in group 2 compared with baseline value during the 7-day observation, while increased significantly on the 7th day in group 3. In group 4, TFL was longest on the 1st day, then decreased gradually from the 2nd day to the 6th day, and restored to the baseline value on the 6th day. In group 5, TFL showed a decreasing tendency during the 7-day observation, but was still significantly longer than the baseline value on the 7th day. The changes of TFL obtained in group 6 were similar to those in group 5. The results of RT-PCR showed that as compared with group 1, nNOS mRNA expressions in spinal cord and midbrain were significantly down-regulated in group 3, but the expressions of the NR1A mRNA and NR2A mRNA in both groups were similar, while the nNOS mRNA, NR(1A) mRNA and NR(2A) mRNA expressions were all significantly up-regulated in group 4. As compared with group 4, the expressions of nNOS mRNA, NR(1A) mRNA and NR(2A) mRNA were significantly inhibited in group 6. These results suggest that the expressions of nNOS and NMDA receptors in spinal cord and midbrain were significantly up-regulated in the rats with morphine analgesia tolerance. Chronic co-administration of L-NAME could effectively inhibit the morphine-induced overexpressions of nNOS and NMDA receptors, and postpone the development of morphine analgesia tolerance. Based on the results of this study, it is concluded that NO/NMDA receptor in spinal cord and midbrain is closely related to the development of morphine analgesia tolerance.

Comparative study of hemodynamic responses to orotracheal intubation with intubating laryngeal mask airway / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Intubating laryngeal mask airway (ILMA) offers a new approach for orotracheal intubation and is expected to produce less cardiovascular stress responses. However, the available studies provide inconsistent results. The purpose of this study was to identify whether there is a clinically relevant difference in hemodynamic responses to orotracheal intubation by using ILMA and direct laryngoscope (DLS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 53 adult patients, ASA physical status I-II, scheduled for elective plastic surgery under general anesthesia requiring the orotracheal intubation, were randomly allocated to either DLS or ILMA groups. After a standard intravenous anesthesia induction, orotracheal intubation was performed. Noninvasive blood pressure and heart rate were recorded before (baseline values) and after anesthesia induction (post-induction values), at intubation and every minute for the first 5 minutes after intubation. The data were analyzed using Chi-square test, paired and unpaired Student's t test, and repeated-measures analysis of variance as appropriate.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean intubation time in the ILMA group was longer than that in the DLS group (P < 0.05). The blood pressure and heart rate increased significantly after intubation in the two groups compared to the post-induction values (P < 0.05), but the maximum value of blood pressure during the observation did not exceed the baseline value, while the maximum value of heart rate was higher than the baseline (P < 0.05). During the observation, there were no significant differences in blood pressure and heart rate among each time point and in the maximum values between the two groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Orotracheal intubations by using ILMA and DLS produce similar hemodynamic response. ILMA has no advantage in attenuating the hemodynamic responses to orotracheal intubation compared with DLS.</p>

Comparison of hemodynamic responses to orotracheal intubation between using GlideScope videolaryngoscope and fiberoptic bronchoscope / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the hemodynamic responses to orotracheal intubation with GlideScope videolaryngoscope (GSVL) and with fiberoptic bronchoscope (FOB) after induction of general anesthesia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 57 ASA physical status I - II adult patients undergoing elective plastic surgery and requiring orotracheal intubation were randomly allocated to either GSVL group (n = 29) or FOB group (n = 28). After a routine intravenous anesthetic induction, orotracheal intubation was performed. Noninvasive blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded before and after anesthetic induction, at intubation and thereafter at 1 minute interval for 5 minutes.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The intubation time was not significantly different between the two groups (P > 0.05). After intubation, BP and HR exhibited significant increases compared to the post-induction values in both groups, but the maximum values of BP did not exceed the pre-induction values while the maximum value of HR was higher than the pre-induction value. During the observation, BP and HR at all time points as well as the maximum values of BP and HR had no significant differences between the two groups (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The orotracheal intubations using FOB and GSVL result in similar hemodynamic responses.</p>

Hemodynamic responses to orotracheal intubation with fiberoptic bronchoscope and direct laryngoscope in children / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the hemodynamic responses to orotracheal intubation via fiberoptic bronchoscope (FOB) with conventional orotracheal intubation via direct laryngoscope (DLS) in children under general anesthesia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-three American Society of Anesthesiologist grade I-II children undergoing the elective plastic surgery and requiring orotracheal intubation were randomly allocated to either the DLS group (n = 20)or the FOB group (n = 23). After standard intravenous anesthetic induction, orotracheal intubation was performed using a DLS or a FOB. Noninvasive systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR), and rate-pressure product (RPP) were recorded before and after anesthetic induction, at intubation, and 5 minutes after intubation with 1 minute interval.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the DLS group, SBP, HR, and RPP at intubation increased significantly compared to their postinduction values (P < 0.05),but blood pressure, HR and RPP at intubation didn't differ from their preinduction values. The maximal values of SBP, HR and RPP during the observation (from the beginning of intravenous anesthetic induction to 5 minutes after intubation) were significantly higher than their preinduction values (P < 0.05). In the FOB group, blood pressure, HR and RPP at intubation increased significantly compared to their preinduction and postinduction values (P < 0.05), and the maximal values of blood pressure, HR and RPP during the observation were significantly higher than their preinduction values (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in blood pressure and RPP at each time point during the observation between the two groups. The HR at intubation were significantly higher in the FOB group than in the DLS group (P < 0.05), but no significant difference was observed in the HR values at other time points during the observation between the two groups. There were also no significant differences in the maximal values of blood pressure, HR and RPP or the times to reach their maximal values between the two groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>General anesthesia of clinical standard depth can not effectively inhibit the pressor and tachycardiac responses caused by fiberoptic orotracheal intubation in children. As compared with DLS, FOB has no special advantages in preventing the cardiovascular stress responses to orotracheal intubation in children.</p>