Net water uptake in predicting the development of malignant edema in patients of acute large hemispheric infarction / 中华神经科杂志

Objective:To investigate the value of net water uptake (NWU) in predicting malignant edema (ME) in large hemispheric infarction (LHI).Methods:Fifty-six patients suffering from LHI in the General Hospital of Northern Theater Command from September 2017 to July 2018 were retrospectively analyzed, and their NWU was calculated separately. Patients were divided into two groups according to the occurrence of ME, which was defined as space-occupying infarct requiring decompressive craniectomy or death resulting from cerebral hernia in seven days from onset. The clinical characteristics were analyzed, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and respective area under curve (AUC) were used to assess the value of NWU and other factors.Results:After adjusting for atrial fibrillation, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores at admission, and time from onset to imaging, multivariable analysis showed that NWU was an independent predictor of ME ( OR=1.226，95% CI 1.040-1.446, P=0.015). According to the ROC curve, NWU≥13.08% identified ME with great predictive power (AUC=0.813;sensitivity 0.64, specificity 0.94). Conclusions:NWU is an important predictor of ME in patients with LHI. It can help identify patients at risk of ME.

Analysis of aluminum content in unprocessed grains from different areas of China / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the aluminium content in unprocessed grains from different areas of China.@*Methods@#From June 2013 to December 2014, nine provinces (Jilin, Shandong, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Henan, Anhui and Jiangsu) were selected as sampling areas using stratified random sampling method. Three cities, counties or townships were randomly selected from each sampling area. Grain stations, grain depots, planting areas or farmers′ markets located in non-aluminium mining areas or non-aluminium-involved industrial pollution areas were selected from each sampling area using a purposive sampling method. A total of 470 unprocessed grain samples (500 g per sample) including wheat, rice, corn, millet and soybean were collected from local grain stations, grain depots, planting areas and farmers′ markets. The dried grains samples were analysed for aluminium content by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Bootstrap resampling method was applied to calculate the upper bound values of 95%CI of P99 of aluminium contents for each kind of grain, which could be regarded as levels of concern for corresponding categories.@*Results@#A total of 454 grain samples, including 109 wheat samples, 111 rice samples, 78 corn samples, 69 millet samples and 87 soybean samples, were used for analysis after excluding outlier values. There were 420 positive samples with detected aluminium and the overall detection rate was 92.5%. Among them, the aluminium contents were high in wheat and soybean with median values about 9.59 and 7.12 mg/kg, and maximum values about 31.55 and 28.80 mg/kg, respectively. The median and maximum values of aluminium contents in corn were about 4.65 and 26.79 mg/kg. Aluminium contents were low in rice and millet, with median values about 1.49 and 2.21 mg/kg, and maximum values about 7.56 and 8.07 mg/kg, respectively. Based on Bootstrap resampling method, the upper bound values of 95%CI of P99 of aluminium contents in wheat, soybean, corn, rice and millet were 29.86, 28.80, 26.79, 7.56 and 8.07 mg/kg, respectively, which could be regarded as levels of concern for corresponding grains.@*Conclusion@#Aluminium has been detected in most unprocessed grains. The accumulation of aluminium varies in different grains species.

Exposure status and health risk assessment of deoxynivalenol from cereals in Chinese population in different regions / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective@#To evaluate the dietary exposure to deoxynivalenol (DON) from cereals and health risk in Chinese residents in different regions.@*Methods@#The data of DON concentration in cereals was derived from the national food safety risk surveillance from 2010 to 2017, with 15 422 samples of cereals included. China was roughly divided into north part and south part, along with the Qinling Mountains-Huaihe River line. Sample size of each type of cereals, i.e. wheat flour, maize meal, oats and rice was 4 948, 696, 626, 1 006 in the north, while 5 648, 1 068, 266, 1 164 in the south. The data of cereals consumption was derived from China National Nutrition and Health Survey in 2002 and 68 335 respondents aged 3 and above, with 34 234 from the north and 34 101 from the south, were included. Simple distribution model was applied for calculation and comparison of the dietary exposure to DON from cereals in northern and southern residents based on individual consumption of cereals, body weight and average DON concentration in each type of cereals.@*Results@#Average DON concentration in wheat flour, maize meal, oats, and rice sampled in northern China were 235.4, 121.6, 7.0 and 4.6 μg/kg, respectively, while 239.1, 124.3, 29.0 and 15.5 μg/kg in cereals sampled in southern China. The average DON exposure from cereals in surveyed Chinese inhabitants was 0.78 μg/(kg·d). Among them, the DON exposure of northern residents was higher than that of southern residents (P<0.001), and the average exposures were 1.15 and 0.41 μg/(kg·d), respectively. A total of 49.2% of northern residents exceeded provisional maximum tolerable daily intake for DON exposure from cereals, which was much higher than that of southern residents (8.6%) (P<0.001). Wheat-based food products were the main source of DON exposure, with a contribution rate of 96.5% in the north and 68.3% in the south. Average DON exposure was the highest in the 3-6 years [2.12 μg/(kg·d) for children in north and 0.73 μg/(kg·d) in south].@*Conclusion@#Exposure to DON from cereals in northern residents of China was considerably high, with a certain health risk. Northern children aged 3 to 6 exposed even more DON and needed significant attention.

Estimated assessment of cumulative dietary exposure to organophosphorus residues from tea infusion in China

BACKGROUND@#China has the world's largest tea plantation area in the world. To sustain high yields of the tea, multiple pesticides are used on tea crops to control pests. Organophosphorus (OP) pesticides are among the most widely used types of agricultural pesticides in China. As tea is a significant potential source of exposure to pesticide residues, the public concern has increased in relation to pesticide residues found in tea in China. The aim of the study was to estimate cumulative dietary exposure to OP residues from tea infusion for Chinese tea consumers to determine whether exposure to OP residues from tea infusion is a cause of health concern for tea consumers in China.@*METHODS@#OP residue data were obtained from the China National Monitoring Program on Food Safety (2013-2014), encompassing 1687 tea samples from 12 provinces. Tea consumption data were obtained from the China National Nutrient and Health Survey (2002), comprising 506 tea consumers aged 15-82 years. The transfer rates of residues from tea leaves into tea infusions were obtained from the literature. The relative potency factor (RPF) approach was used to estimate acute cumulative exposure to 20 OP residues from tea infusion using methamidophos as the index compound. Dietary exposure was calculated in a probabilistic way.@*RESULTS@#For tea consumers, the mean and the 99.9th percentile (P99.9) of cumulative dietary exposure to OP residues from tea infusion equalled 0.08 and 1.08 μg/kg bw/d. When compared with the acute reference dose (ARfD), 10 μg/kg bw/d for methamidophos, this accounts for 0.8 and 10.8% of the ARfD.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Even when considering OP residues from vegetables, fruits and other foods, there are no health concerns based on acute dietary exposure to OP residues from tea infusion. However, it is necessary to strengthen the management of the OP pesticides used on tea in China to reduce the risk of chronic dietary exposure to OPs from tea infusion.

Expressions of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in steroid-induced necrosis of rat femoral head / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective To study the protein expression levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)and their inhibitors in bone tissues of rat femoral head and to explore the relationship between necrosis of femoral head and glucocorticoid.Methods Twenty healthy adult SD rats were randomly divided into glucocorticoid group and control group,with 10 rats in each.Glucocorticoid group was treated with intramuscular injection of hydrocortisone twice a week.The control group received normal saline of the same volume.Four weeks later,bone tissues of left femoral head were collected from each group of rats for HE determination of femoral head necrosis.The expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1 ), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2 ), tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1 ),and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2 )at mRNA and protein levels were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot techniques,respectively.Results The expressions of MMP-1 and MMP-2 at mRNA and protein levels were higher in glucocorticoid group than those in the control group. However,TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 gene and protein expression levels were lower in glucocorticoid group (all P<0.05). Conclusion The expressions of MMPs in bone tissues of rat femoral head in early necrosis were increased,but their inhibitors had decreased expressions. We can draw the conclusion that glucocorticoid-induced necrosis of femoral head may be related to its regulation of the expression levels of MMPs and their related inhibitors.

Curative effect of arthroscopic surgery on knee joint disease in children / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of children with knee joint diseases and discuss the curative effect of arthroscopy.Methods Eighty-nine children with knee joint diseases in Department of Orthopedics,the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University from October 2012 to October 2015 were selected,and they were given knee arthroscopic surgery according to the disease types and characteristics,such as meniscal suture,suture plus angioplasty and synovectomy etc.All the symptoms,signs and the joint functions were recorded preoperatively and postoperatively.At the end of follow-up,surgical results were analyzed according to Lysholm score and International Knee Documentation Committee Knee evaluation form (IKDC) classification standard.Results The patients with discoid meniscus tear were the most,accounting for 55.55％ (55/99 knees).All patients were followed up for 6-30 months(the average time was 21 months) to find that all symptoms were relieved or disappeared within 1 year after operation.The outcome was evaluated according to the Tegner knee function:76 knees (76.76％) were markedly effective,16 knees (16.16％) were effective,6 knees (6.06％) were invalid and 1 knee (1.01％) was poor,and the excellent rate was 92.92％.The curative effect was evaluated according to Lysholm knee function score and IKDC score at the last follow-up.The Lysholm score in preoperation [(52.46 ± 4.79) scores] improved to (96.52 ± 3.97) scores in postoperation,and the difference was significant (t =-36.24,P ＜ 0.05);the IKDC score in preoperation [(46.52 ± 10.25) scores] improved to (90.67-± 5.89) scores in postoperation,and the difference was significant (t =-50.69,P ＜ 0.05).There was no joint infection,blood vessel or nerve damage and so on.Conclusions Meniscus tear is common in children with knee joint diseases,and most common is discoid lateral meniscus tear,and arthroscopy can have satisfactory outcome,with no obvious complications.Therefore,arthroscopic surgery is an ideal method for surgical treatment of children with knee joint disease.

Expressions of interleukin-1 beta and matrix metalloproteinase-13 in articular cartilage and synovial fluid of osteoarthritis model in rabbits / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective To investigate the feasibility of osteoarthritis (OA) model in rabbits by injuring medial meniscus so as to understand the role of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) in pathological mechanism of articular cartilage and synovial fluid of OA model in rabbits.Methods We randomly divided 40 New Zealand white rabbits into experimental group (n =30) and control group (n =10).Pathological changes in articular cartilage of the femoral condyle were scored at weeks 2,6 and 12 after surgery.We detected the expressions of IL-1β and MMP-13 by immunohistochemistry.The cell fractions of IL-1β and MMP-13 were recorded by ELISA.Results The articular cartilage score and HE staining significantly differed at various time points of gross and pathological observation between control group and experimental group (P＜ 0.05).Immunohistochemistry showed that IL-1β was expressed in both groups and that the cell fraction differed significantly at weeks 6 and 12 (P＜0.05),but not at week 2 between the two groups.MMP-13 protein expression was not detected in articular condrocytes in control group,but was detected in experiment group with a significant difference (P＜0.05).IL-1β expression was consistent in articular cartilage and synovial fluid.Conclusion The reasonable rabbit animal OA model could be established by knee meniscus injury caused by surgical method.Expressions of IL-1β and MMP-13 change obviously in the pathomechanism of OA.Further clinical studies are needed to determine whether they can be used as markers in early diagnosis of OA.

Agricultural biotechnology safety assessment / 中华预防医学杂志

Genetically modified (GM) crops were first introduced to farmers in 1995 with the intent to provide better crop yield and meet the increasing demand for food and feed. GM crops have evolved to include a thorough safety evaluation for their use in human food and animal feed. Safety considerations begin at the level of DNA whereby the inserted GM DNA is evaluated for its content, position and stability once placed into the crop genome. The safety of the proteins coded by the inserted DNA and potential effects on the crop are considered, and the purpose is to ensure that the transgenic novel proteins are safe from a toxicity, allergy, and environmental perspective. In addition, the grain that provides the processed food or animal feed is also tested to evaluate its nutritional content and identify unintended effects to the plant composition when warranted. To provide a platform for the safety assessment, the GM crop is compared to non-GM comparators in what is typically referred to as composition equivalence testing. New technologies, such as mass spectrometry and well-designed antibody-based methods, allow better analytical measurements of crop composition, including endogenous allergens. Many of the analytical methods and their intended uses are based on regulatory guidance documents, some of which are outlined in globally recognized documents such as Codex Alimentarius. In certain cases, animal models are recommended by some regulatory agencies in specific countries, but there is typically no hypothesis or justification of their use in testing the safety of GM crops. The quality and standardization of testing methods can be supported, in some cases, by employing good laboratory practices (GLP) and is recognized in China as important to ensure quality data. Although the number of recommended, in some cases, required methods for safety testing are increasing in some regulatory agencies, it should be noted that GM crops registered to date have been shown to be comparable to their nontransgenic counterparts and safe . The crops upon which GM development are based are generally considered safe.

Effects of sub-chronic exposure to deltamethrin on the behavior of mice in learning and memory and expression of GABAA receptor α1 and γ2 subunits in the hippocampus of mice / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To study the effect of sub-chronic exposure to deltamethrin(DM) on the behavior of mice in learning and memory and expression of GABAA receptor α1 and γ2 subunits in the hippocampus of mice.Methods 60 female SPF Kunming mice were randomly divided into solvent control group,low-dose group,middle-dose group and high-dose group, 15 mice in each group.The latter three groups were exposured to deltamethrin for 60 days by gavage.Open field test (OFT) was applied to evaluate locomotor activity and exploratory behavior in mice.RQ-PCR was employed to measure the expression of GABAA receptor α1 and γ2 subunits in hippocampus of mice.Results After exposure to DM,the moving distance of the central area in the middle-dose group ((555.1 ± 12.8) cm) and high-dose group ((516.4± 11.88) cm) was significantly higher than that in the solvent control group ((327.3± 117.8) cm, P＜0.05).Numbers of standing in marginal area (F=4.117, P=0.010) and total movement distance (F=2.914, P=0.042) in the high-dose group ((27.9±9.9) times, (3211.3±379.8) cm) were also significantly higher than that in the solvent control group ((15.1 ±8.9)times, (3211.3±379.8)cm).The expression of GABAA receptor α1 subunit mRNA in the middle-dose group and high-dose group was significantly lower than that in the low-dose group and solvent control group(F=8.508, P=0.001) and the expression of GABAA receptor γ2 subunit mRNA in high-dose group was significantly lower than that in the other groups (F=6.738, P=0.002).Conclusion Sub-chronic exposure to DM can damage the function of locomotor activity and exploratory behavior,and inhibit the expression of GABAA receptor α1 and γ2 subunits in the hippocampus of mice.

Effect of sub-chronic exposure to deltamethrin on spatial learning and memory in mice / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To study the effect of sub-chronic exposure to dehamethrin(DM) on the behavior of mice in learning and memory.Methods 60 Female SPF Kunming mice were randomly divided into 4 groups and given DM by gavaging for 60 days.Morris water maze (MWM) was used to evaluate spatial memory in mice.Results After exposure to DM,the escape latency of the solvent control group and the treatment groups were (12.20±6.5)s,(14.99±5.4) s,(15.64±8.3)s,(22.71±6.2)s on the fifth day.The escape latency of the high-dose group was higher than those of the low-dose group (P=0.0041) and the solvent control group (P=0.019) in the navigation test.The number of crossing position of the platform in the high-dose group ((2.93± 1.53)times) and the middle-dose group ((3.40± 1.12) times) were lower than that in the solvent control group ((5.87 ± 1.55) times) and the low-dose group ((4.90± 1.41)times)(P＜0.05).Conclusion Sub-chronic exposure to DM can damage the spatial learning and memory of mice.

Impact of PTTG1 downregulation on cell proliferation, cell cycle and cell invasion of osteosarcoma and related molecular mechanisms / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To downregulate the expression of pituitary tumor transforming gene 1 (PTTG1) in osteosarcoma (OS) cells by siRNA technology and to investigate related biological impact on cell proliferation, cell cycle and cell invasion of OS.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Three OS cell lines and osteoblast hFOB1.19 cell line were used in this study. Control siRNA and PTTG1 siRNA were employed to transfect OS U2OS cells, and PTTG1 protein level was detected by Western blot after the transfection. Effects of PTTG1 siRNA on cell proliferation, cell cycle and cell invasion were investigated by CCK-8, flow cytometry and Boyden chamber, respectively. Finally, activity of Akt and its downstream target gene expression were analyzed by Western blot in U2OS cells upon various treatments.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Expression of PTTG1 protein in 3 OS cells (MG-63, SaOS-2 and U2OS) was significantly higher than that in osteoblast hFOB1.19, among which U2OS cells displayed the highest level. PTTG1 siRNA markedly downregulated the expression of PTTG1 protein in U2OS cells, leading to obvious inhibition of cell proliferation, altered cell cycle distribution and reduced ability of invasion of U2OS cells. Moreover, downregulation of PTTG1 reduced the expression of p-Akt (S473 and T308), MMP-2 and MMP-9 proteins, along with enhanced expression of p21 and E-cadherin proteins.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>PTTG1 may be tightly linked to the development of OS and therefore may serve as a novel target for precision therapy of OS.</p>

Genetic diversities in atypical El Tor strains from Vibrio cholerae O1 serogroup in Fujian Province, China / 中国人兽共患病学报

The emergence of atypical El Tor strains from V .cholerae in South Asia and Africa has been attributed to several outbreaks in recent decades ,however ,backgrounds of such strains in China remain exclusive .In this study ,PCR am-plification of both El Tor and classical alleles for ctxB ,tcpA ,rstR and hlyA genes was attempted in sixty-nine El Tor isolates from Fujian between 1962 to 2005 ,in addition ,some amplicons were sequence-analyzed .Thus ,the time point of atypical EVC strains in Fujian was determined ,genetic diversities of such strains were investigated .It was revealed that ctxB-Cl ,tcpA-Cl and hlyA genes were detected in O1 serogroup EVC isolates from Fujian since 1962 .Although rstR-Cl gene was solely detected in isolates between 1994 to 2000 .It was indicated by sequence analysis that atypical EVC strains from Fujian possessed a novel T→G mutation at residual 204 of the ctxB gene .Remarkably ,two novel ctxB genotypes (ctxB-10 and ctxB-11) were identified in one strain .The residual 115-C of ctxB in ctxB-11 showed characteristics of ctxB-Cl ,however ,its residual 203-T demonstra-ted characteristics of ctxB-El .This observation implied that it was common in O1 serogroup EVC strains from Fujian hybrid-ized with classical alleles since 1962 ,which would be the earliest time-point for the emergence of atypical El Tor strains hitherto in literature .Emergence of atypical El Tor strains harboring rstR-Cl in Fujian occurred since 1994 .Meanwhile ,novel mutation sites and ctxB genotypes were observed in Fujian isolates ,including diverse combination of ctxB genotypes in one strain and combination of biotype-specific sites in ctxB sequences .In summary ,molecular characterization of O 1 serogroup EVC strains from Fujian was unique and geography-associated .

Application of external fixator combined with vacuum sealing drainage for limbs’ open fracture with severe soft tissue injuries / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:The treatment of limbs’ open fracture with severe soft tissue injury is very complicated. There are many wound exudates, high frequency of dressing change, and high infection rate. How to deal with the contradiction between wound treatment and fracture fixation is the considerable problem in clinical therapy. ＜br> OBJECTIVE:To explore the effect of external fixator combined with vacuum sealing drainage on limbs’ open fracture with severe soft tissue injuries. ＜br> METHODS:A total of 34 patients with limbs’ open fracture with severe soft tissue injuries were enrol ed in the First Affiliated Hospital, Xinxiang Medical Col ege from December 2009 to December 2010. There were 20 males and 14 females, with an average age of 36.6 years old. There were 10 cases of upper limb fracture and 24 cases of lower limb fracture. After debridement, cutaneous deficiency accounted for 1%to 6%of surface area. On the basis of external fixation, the wound received vacuum sealing drainage (treatment group;n=17) and conventional dressing (control group;n=17). According to limb swel ing and granulation growth, delayed suture, skin graft or flap to cover the wound were used. After treatment, infection rate of the wound and growth of granulation were observed. In accordance with wound healing and growth of granulation, curative effects were evaluated. ＜br> RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In the treatment group, there were 11 cases of healing, 5 cases of effective effects, and 1 case of ineffective effect, with a total effective rate of 94%and the infection rate of about 15%. In the control group, there were 7 cases of healing, 6 cases of effective effects, and 4 cases of ineffective effects, with a total effective rate of 76%and the infection rate of about 40%. Significant differences in healing rate, total effective rate and infection rate were detected between the two groups (P＜0.05). The healing time of wound was 8.66-16.23 days in the treatment group and 15.68-22.36 days in the control group. The healing time was significantly shorter in the treatment group than in the control group (P＜0.05). It is thus clear that vacuum sealing drainage has obvious advantages in repair of limbs’ open fracture with severe soft tissue injury compared with the conventional dressing.

Characterization and Primer Design for Simple Sequence Repeat Loci in Salvia miltorrhiza Genome / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Salvia miltorrhiza Bge. is a perennial deciduous flowering plant. Its medicinal root and rhizomes part is widely used in the treatment of various diseases. In this study, bioinformatics analysis was performed to identify 4832 genome SSR loci with length longer than or equal to 40 bp from the draft genome assembly of S. miltorrhiza. The re-sults showed that the dinucleotide repeat motifs and trinucleotide repeat motifs constitute the main types of genome SSR loci, accounting for 37.3% and 61.3% respectively. SSR types enriched with A/T bases showed significantly higher abundance than other types, including AT/TA AAT/ATT, ATA/TAT, TAA/TTA, accounting for 30.5%, 21.6%, 17.1%, 20.4% of the total number of SSR loci, respectively. 1079 primer pairs were designed for these genome SSR loci. These primers can be used for genomic diversity analysis, genetic map construction, genetic marker screening. These data could lay the foundation for population genetics and genomics research of S. miltorrhiza.

Contrucion of Salvia miltorrhiza Protein/Peptide Database for Mass Spectrometry Analysis / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Salvia miltorrhiza Bge is a medicinal herb in traditional Chinese medicines. Until recently, dozens of compound ingredients with medicinal properties have been identified from S. miltorrhiza. Proteome analysis on medicinal ingredients synthesis mechanisms could provide a theoretical basis for S. miltorrhiza genetic improve-ment. In this study, a S. miltorrhiza specific protein/peptide sequence database was constructed using Illumina high-throughput transcriptome sequencing data of multiple types of S. miltorrhiza tissues. The database could act as a key component to carry out the proteome analysis in S. miltorrhiza.

Effect of sub-chronic exposure to deltamethrin on neural behavior and expression of NMDA receptor in hippocampus of mice / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

ObjectiveTo study the effect of sub-chronic exposure to deltamethrin(DM) on neural behavior and expression of NMDA receptor in hippocampus of mice.Methods 60 Female SPF Kunming mice were divided into 4 groups and given DM 60 days by gavage.Hot-plate,rotarod,grip strength,hing limb landing foot splay were used to examine the sensory and motor change of mice.Autonomic activity test was used for detecting the functional status of the central nervous system in mice.Passive avoidance test for detection of the behavior changes of learning and memory,and RQ-PCR was employed to measure the expression of NMDA receptor in hippocampus of mice.ResultsThe behavior of sensory and motor of mice sub-chronic exposure to deltamethrin did not have changes significantly(P ＞ 0.05 ).In the test of autonomic activity test,the average of autonomic activity times were (93 ± 18) times,(107 ± 13) times,(105 ±22) times.Compared with the control group,the average of autonomic activity times in middle-and high-dose groups were increased significantly (P ＜ 0.05 ).The latent periods in poisoning groups were (175.4 ±38.4) s,(146.4 ±51.2)s,(132.3 ±45.0) s,and the error times were (0.7 ±0.3)times,( 1.4 ± 0.5 ) times,( 1.8 ± 0.9) times.Compared with the control group,latent periods of high-dose group were decreased and the error times of middle-and high-dose groups were increased significantly (P ＜ 0.05 ).Compared with the control group,the relative expression levels of NR1 and NR2A mRNA in hippocampus of middle and high-dose groups were increased significantly (P＜ 0.05 ),and the relative expression level of NR2B mRNA in highdose group was decreased significantly(P ＜ 0.05).ConclusionSub-chronic exposure to DM could increase the excitability of mice,damage the function of learning and memory,and influence the expression of NMDA receptor in hippocampus of mice.

Applying DNA barcoding technique to identify menthae haplocalycis herba / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To identify Menthae Haplocalycis Herba and its closely related species using DNA barcoding technique.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Total genomic DNA was isolated from Mentha canadensis and its closely related species. Nuclear DNA ITS2 sequences were amplified, and purified PCR products were sequenced. Sequence assembly and consensus sequence generation were performed using the CodonCode Aligner V3.0. The Kimura 2-Parameter (K2P) distances were calculated using software MEGA 5.0. Identification analyses were performed using BLAST1, Nearest Distance and neighbor-joining (NJ) methods.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The intra-specific genetic distances of M. canadensis were ranged from 0 to 0.006, which were lower than inter-specific genetic distances between M. canadensis and its closely related species (0.071-0.231). All the three methods showed that ITS2 could discriminate M. canadensis from its closely related species correctly.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The ITS2 region is an efficient barcode for identification of Menthae Haplocalycis Herba, which provides a scientific basis for fast and accurate identification of the herb.</p>

Using ITS2 barcode to identify ephedrae herba / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To identify Ephedrae Herba using the ITS2 barcode and to secure its quality and safety in medication.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Total genomic DNA was isolated from Ephedrae Herba and its closely related species. Nuclear DNA ITS2 sequences were amplified, and purified PCR products were sequenced. Sequence assembly and consensus sequence generation were performed using the CodonCode Aligner. The Kimura 2-Parameter (K2P) distances were calculated using software MEGA 5.0. Identification analyses were performed using BLAST1, Nearest Distance and neighbor-joining (NJ) methods.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The intra-specific genetic distances of Ephedrae Herba were ranged from 0 to 0.002. The inter-specific genetic distances between Ephedrae Herba and its closely related species were ranged from 0.004 to 0.034. All the three methods showed that ITS2 could discriminate Ephedrae Herba from its closely related species correctly.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The ITS2 region is suitable to be used for authentication of Ephedrae Herba, and our study further confirmed the effectiveness of ITS2 to identify traditional Chinese medicinal materials.</p>

Normal meniscus and discoid meniscus injuries:Classification and tissue repair under an arthroscopy / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Meniscus plasty and prosthesis under an arthroscopy are widely used in treating discoid meniscus or normal meniscus injury.The normal shapes of meniscus are maintained by excising medial partial tears and suturing the lateral partial tearsOBJECTIVE:Injury classification and special features of discoid meniscus and normal meniscus were observed,and corresponding trearing methods were used,to discuss the therapeutic effect of repair.METHODS:Totally 260 cases of meniscus injury in knee ioint were selected from the First Aftiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University from September 2003 to June 2008.They were divided into normal meniscus injury group(n=215),and discoid lateral meniscus injury(n=45).People with complete clinical data before operation and following data,confirmed by arthroscopy were selected.Meniscus injury in 260 cases was examined by arthroscopy,and plasty,or partial excision or incomplete resection or full resection was performed according to the injury types and surgical circumstance.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:All subjects were followed for half a year to 2 years The knee function was evaluated by the Tenger criterion.Four tear types of Discoid meniscus were as follows:73.3% horizontal,15.5% complex,4.4% radial,and 2.2% longitudinal.Five tear types of normal meniscus were as follows:47.9% longitudinal,28.8%radial,1 1.6%horizontal,6 5% transverse and 5.1% complex.In 215 cases of normal meniscus,there were 165 knees with excellentfunction,35 with good,8 with fair and 7 with poor.The excellent and good rate was 93.0%.In 45 cases of discoid meniscus.there were 25 knees with excellent function,16 with good,3 with fair and 1 with poor.The excellent and good rate was 91.1%.Discoid meniscus is different from normal meniscus in anatomical feature and histological structure,therefore,the arthroscopic surgery for discoid meniscus is also different.The most function of meniscus should be remained and the degeneration of knee ioint should be delayed.Meniscus plasty should be performed in all discoid meniscuses except the patients with severe tear of meniscus.

Health survey analysis of workers in athermal power plant / 中国基层医药

Objective To explore the health of the thermal power plant worker in the noise,under the dust environment.Methods The oecupatiorml health inspection to the workers was carried.Results In 90 workers,41 were unusual,the detection rate is 45.6%.And the loss of hearing 11 people,the detection rate is 14.3%,other unusual 32 people,the detection rate is 35.6%.Conclusion We sheuld strengthen to the noise nuisance control,uses the effective protection of hearing measure,prevents occupational disease.