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Objective:To evaluate the relationship between autophagy and oxidative stress during remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia in the rats with incisional pain.Methods:Thirty-two clean-grade healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 230-250 g, aged 2-3 months, were divided into 4 groups ( n=8 each) using a random number table method: incisional pain group (I group), remifentanil + incisional pain group (RI group), autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine + remifentanil + incisional pain group (MRI group) and autophagy agonist rapamycin group + remifentanil + incisional pain group (RRI group). The model of incision pain was developed and the equal volume of normal saline was intravenously infused simultaneously for 60 min.In RI, MRI and RRI groups, the model of incision pain was developed and remifentanil 1 μg·kg -1·min -1 was simultaneously infused for 60 min.In MRI group, 3-methyladenine 15 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected at 12 h before developing the model, and rapamycin 10 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected at 12 h before developing the model in RRI group.Thermal paw withdrawal latency (TWL) and mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) were measured at 24 h before infusion of remifentanil or normal saline (T 0) and at 2, 6, 24 and 48 h after the end of infusion (T 1-4). The rats were sacrificed after the end of behavioral testing, and the lumbar enlargement segments of the spinal cord were harvested for determination of the expression of autophagy microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3Ⅱ (LC3Ⅱ), Beclin-1 and P62 (by Western blot), activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) (by xanthine oxidase method) and content of malondialdehyde (MDA) (by thiobarbital method). Results:Compared with the baseline at T 0, PWT was significantly decreased and TWL was shortened at T 1-4 in the four groups ( P<0.05). Compared with I group, MWT was significantly decreased and TWL was shortened at T 1-4, the expression of LC3 Ⅱand Beclin-1 was up-regulated, the expression of P62 was down-regulated, SOD activity was decreased, and MDA content was increased in RI group ( P<0.05). Compared with RI group, MWT was significantly decreased and TWL was shortened at T 1-4, the expression of LC3 Ⅱand Beclin-1 was down-regulated, the expression of P62 was up-regulated, SOD activity was decreased, and MDA content was increased in MRI group ( P<0.05), and MWT was significantly increased and TWL was prolonged at T 1-4, the expression of LC3 Ⅱand Beclin-1 was up-regulated, the expression of P62 was down-regulated, SOD activity was increased, and MDA content was decreased in RRI group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Autophagy is involved in the process of remifentanil-induced incisional hyperalgesia through regulating the level of oxidative stress in rats.
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Objective:To understand the molecular transmission characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS) patients in the mountainous area of southwest Zhejiang Province(Lishui city).Methods:A total of 147 blood samples were collected from newly-diagnosed HIV-1 infected who received no antiviral therapy, and pol gene was amplified, followed by sequencing. MEGA6.0 software was used to construct phylogenetic tree and determine gene subtypes. HIVDB online was used to analyze drug resistance mutation, then the pairwise genetic distance(GD) was calculated and the opitimal threshold of GD was selected, finally the molecular transmission network was constructed by Cytoscape3.7.0 software. Chi-square or Fisher′s exact probability method was used for statistical analysis. Results:A total of 134 sequences were obtained successfully, and nine subtypes were detected. The dominant subtypes were CRF08_BC (34.33%, 46/134), CRF01_AE (29.85%, 40/134) and CRF07_BC (23.88%, 32/134). It also found that age, registered residence, education level and transmission route had significant differences in distribution of subtypes ( P<0.05). Nineteen drug resistance individuals were found, and the total drug resistance rate was 14.18% (19/134). The HIV-1 molecular transmission network was plotted based on 1.2% GD threshold. A total of 15 transmission clusters (cluster size ranging from 2 to 29) were found. The network access rate was 49.25% (66/134), mainly including male (75.76%, 50/66), heterosexual (81.82%, 54/66) and patientsrinfected with CRF08_ BC (50.00%, 33/66). A transmission cluster including two cases of female sex workers and seven cases of drug resistance was identified, in which the average age of the patients was 57.21 years old and the average degree value was 22.7, and the cases were mainly infected through heterosexual contact (96.55%, 28/29). The highest homology of the sequences in the cluster was in Yunnan. Conclusions:The HIV-1 subtypes were diverse in the mountainous area of southwest Zhejiang Province(Lishui city). Drug resistant transmission had reached a moderate epidemic level. There were molecular transmission clusters with the aggregation characteristics of elderly clients in specific regions. It was urgent to formulate and implement precise intervention strategies to curb the spread of HIV.
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Objective:To preliminarily understand the living habits, medication taking and treatment status including the therapeutic regimen, compliance and short-term efficacy of patients with chronic atrophic gastritis and erosion in Beijing area.Methods:From April to September in 2019 at Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking University Third Hospital and Peking University Shougang Hospital, the outpatients with chronic atrophic gastritis and erosion diagnosed with endoscopy within two weeks before visiting were prospectively included in this non-interventional observation study. Chi square test was used for statistical analysis.Results:A total of 277 patients with chronic atrophic gastritis and erosion had complete follow-up data, of which male patients accounted for 49.8% (138/277). The common initial symptoms of patients with chronic atrophic gastritis and erosion included acid reflux, abdominal distension, epigastric pain and postprandial distension, which accounted for 60.3% (167/277), 59.6% (165/277) , 58.8% (163/277) and 52.3% (145/277), respectively. For treatment, 36.8% (102/277) of the patients only received lifestyle instruction without medication. Among the patients with medication treatment, the short-term efficacy of gastric mucosal protectants+ proton pump inhibitor+ gastro-kinetic agent for abnominal distension, postprandial distention, acid reflux and nausea was highest as compared with other therapeutic regimen, and the differences were statistically significant ( χ2=25.18, 19.49, 13.75, 8.84, all P<0.05). Conclusions:Chronic gastritis with erosion may be caused by a combination of multiple factors, and the symptoms of which lack specific. If necessary, gastroscopy may help the diagnosis. Individualized treatment strategies based on the symptoms of patients is needed for treatment.
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Objective:To investigate whether autophagy in the inflammatory environment of thrombotic antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) drives polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) to release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and whether IFN-λ1(IL-29) has a function of inhibiting NETs-related thrombin production.Methods:PMNs isolated from peripheral blood of healthy volunteers were in vitro stimulated by serum samples of patients with active APS. IL-29 and 3-methyladenine (3-MA) were used to regulate NETs release and autophagy. NETs expression was evaluated by immunofluorescence technique (IFT) and flow cytometry (FCM). Autophagy-related proteins were detected by Western blot. The levels of thrombin-antithrombin (TAT) complexes were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results:The percentages of NETs released from PMNs of healthy volunteers after stimulation with serum samples of APS patients were (22.8±3.1)% according to IFT and (10.1±2.7)% according to FCM and used as control group. IL-29 and 3-MA inhibited the release of NETs from PMNs stimulated by serum samples of APS patients and the percentages of NETs were (5.3±2.2)% and (4.9±2.4)% detected by IFT, and (2.1±1.3)% and (2.7±1.4)% by FCM, respectively. There were significant differences with the control group ( q=9.89, 10.67, 11.74, 9.61, all P<0.01). IL-29 inhibited the expression of LC3B, but promoted the expression of p62 on PMNs of healthy volunteers after stimulating with serum samples of APS patients, and the differences with the group without IL-29 pretreatment were statistically significant [LC3B/GAPDH: (0.28±0.03)% vs (0.77±0.06)%, q=8.65; p62/GAPDH: (0.63±0.05)% vs (0.33±0.03)%, q=4.78; both P<0.01]. IL-29 and 3-MA reduced the levels of NETs-related TAT complexes from (7.6±0.6) ng/ml to (3.1±0.5) ng/ml and (4.7±0.4) ng/ml, respectively ( q=6.34 and 5.15, both P<0.01). Conclusions:Autophagy was involved in the formation of NETs and subsequent coagulation cascade activation in PMNs of healthy subjects after stimulation with serum samples of APS patients with thrombosis. IL-29 suppressed the production of NETs and NETs-associated thrombin by inhibiting autophagy.
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Objective To analyze hemolysin and virulence -related genes in incomplete hemolytic Staphylococcus aureus.Methods Fifty strains of incomplete hemolytic Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from patients admitted in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University during 2013 and 2014, and the isolates with complete hemolytic phenotype were also collected at the same period as the control strains . All the strains were inoculated and subcultured on four kinds of sheep blood agar plates supplied by different manufacturers to compare their hemolytic phenotype .The relative mRNA expressions of hemolysin genes (hla, hlb, hlc, hld) in standard strain, complete and incomplete hemolytic phenotype strains were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and valued by 2 -△△Ct method.t test was used to compare mRNA expressions of hemolysin genes .Western blot was performed to analyze the expression of α-hemolysin.Antibiotic susceptibility test of incomplete hemolytic strains was performed using broth microdilution method.Resistant gene mecA and virulence genes pvl, tst were detected by PCR.Results The steady and hereditary incomplete hemolysis was observed in 50 strains of incomplete hemolytic Staphylococcus aureus on the sheep blood agar plates from different suppliers .Taking mRNA expression of hla, hlb, hlc, hld in standard strain as 1, the relative mRNA expressions of hemolysin genes in incomplete hemolytic strains were 0.02, 7.51, 0.06 and 0.12 respectively, there were statistical differences between standard strain and incomplete hemolytic strains (t =8.46, -56.40, 8.12 and 7.61, all P <0.05).And the expression of α-hemolysin was decreased in incomplete hemolytic strains .All the strains were identified as methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).Three strains exhibited different minimum inhibitory concentrations of teicoplanin and linezolid after subcultured , but the differences had no impact on the final results of antibiotic susceptibility test .mecA, pvl and tst genes were positive in incomplete hemolytic strains . Conclusion Staphylococcus aureus with incomplete hemolytic phenotype is methicillin resistant with higher expression of β-hemolysin and lower expressions of α-hemolysin, γ-hemolysin and δ-hemolysin.It carries plv and tst virulence genes and is of high virulence .
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Objective To investigate the correlation between serum glutamate levels and post-stroke depression (PSD). Methods The consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke were enroled. At 3 month after onset, the PSD diagnosis was conducted according to the American Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th Edition) somatic disease caused mood disorder and Hamilton depression scale (HAMD) was used to evaluate the severity of depressive symptoms in patients with PSD. The demographics and baseline clinical data were compared and analyzed in the PSD group and the non-PSD group. Results A total of 177 patients were enroled in the study, including 55 in the PSD group and 122 in the non-PSD group. The age (64. 4 ± 7. 8 years vs. 60. 1 ± 11. 1 years; t = - 2. 575, P = 0. 012), NIHSS scores (median and interquartile: 6 [5 - 8] vs. 3 [2 - 5 ]; Z = - 5. 463, P = 0. 002 ), serum homocysteine (16. 9 ± 4. 9 μmol/L vs. 14. 3 ± 3. 9 μmol/L; t = - 3. 929, P = 0. 001 ), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (1. 0 [0. 8 - 1. 7] mg/L vs. 0. 4 [0. 7 - 1. 3] mg/L; Z = - 3. 439, P = 0. 002 ), glutamate levels (279 [205 - 345] μmol/L vs. 161 [110 - 209] μmol/L; Z = - 6. 172, P = 0. 001 ), as wel as the proportion of women (50. 9% vs. 34. 4% ; χ2 = 4. 308, P = 0. 038) in the PSD group were significantly higher than those in the non-PSD group, while the education level was significantly lower than that in the non-PSD group (χ2 = 9. 679, P = 0. 003). Spearman correlation analysis showed that serum glutamate levels were significant positive correlated with HAMD scores ( r = 0. 491, P < 0. 001 ). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the increased serum glutamate level (odd ratio 1. 016, 95% confidence interval 1. 010 - 1. 023; P = 0. 002) was an independent risk factor for PSD in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Conclusions The increased serum glutamate level may be an independent risk factor for PSD.
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Objective To explore mechnism and effect of fentanyl on proliferation of gastric cancer SGC-7901 cell.Methods Gastric cancer SGC-7901 cell was cultured with fentanyl of 0 (negative control), 0.5, 5 and 50 nmol/L, MTT method was used to detect the effect of fentanyl on SGC-7901 viability.The effect of fentanyl on SGC-7901 cell cycle was measured by flow cytometry.The level of cell related protein,cell cycle protein cyclin D1, Bcl-2.Results Compared with control group, fentanyl (0.5, 5, 50 nmol/L) could inhibit SGC-7901 cell viability, and the inhibitory rate was highest at 48 h.0.5, 5, 50 nmol/L fentanyl made cell cycle arrested in G1 phase.Compared with control group, fentanyl can significantly inhibit cyclinD1 and Bcl-2 expression with drug concentration increasing(P<0.05).Conclusion These results suggeste fentanyl inhibit proliferation of gastric cancer SGC-7901 cell.
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Objective To explore the resilience traits of male juvenile delinquents with high traumatic experiences and the relationship on resilience and personality,family environment.Methods 147 male juvenile delinquents selected by self-made traumatic experience questionnaire were surveyed with the Resilience Scale for Chinese Adolescent,Eysenck Personality Questionnaire and Family Environment Scale.The data were statistically analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis and stepwise Regression Analysis.Results The total scores of resilience in male juvenile delinquents with high trauma experiences were (75.98 ± 14.03).Besides the scores of goal planning (3.47±4.23),the scores of affect control(1.94±2.85),positive thinking(2.31±3.47),family support(1.89±3.84)and help seeking (2.92±3.38)were all below 3.Differences of goal planning,positive thinking,family support had been found in male juvenile delinquents with high trauma experiences on the factors including educational level,rural or urban family,whether only-child family,whether single-parent family.The delinquents' resilience was correlated with their personality(r=-0.357-0.175) and family environment (r=-0.185-0.272) in several dimensions (P ＜0.05).Neuroticism,family conflict and psychoticism predicted resilience negatively (β=-2.354,-0.135,-0.194,P＜0.05).Family cohesion predicted resilience positively(β=1.389,P＜0.001).Conclusion The resilience of male juvenile delinquents with high traumatic experiences is poor and personality,and family environment has significant influences on their resiliences.
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Objective To investigate the relationship between proliferative diabetic retinopathy and E-selectin level .Meth-ods Ninty-two patients with diabetic retinopathy were divided into two groups based on the results of fundus fluorescence angiography :basic diabetic retinopathy (BDR) group, and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) group.Body mass index (BMI), fasting blood-glucose (FPG), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure ( DBP) , and E-selectin levels of two groups were determined and compared .Results Compared with normal control group, the BDR and PDR group soluble E-selectin (sE-sel), FPG, HbA1c levels were increased significantly ( P 0.05).The level of E-sel was positively correlated with HbA 1c and FBG in diabetic retinopathy patients .Conclusions High levels of sE-sel, HbA1c, and FPG were the important risk factors for diabetic retinopathy , and were closely related to the severity of PDR .Detection of serum sE-sel and HbA1c will help to predict the severity and prognosis of diabetic retinopathy .
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Objective To investigate the effect of the secondary transurethral resection in the treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer(NMIBC).Methods 186 cases with NMIBC were randomly divided into control and experimental groups,both groups were treated by transurethral resection of bladder tumor(TURBT),and experimental group received the secondary TURBT after 4 weeks of the first TURBT.The recurrences of two groups were compared.Results The recurrence rate was significantly lower in experimental group than in the control group(13.8％ vs.37.0％,x2 =13.17,P＜0.05).The recurrence number of the original site was significantly less in experimental group than in the control group(x2 =8.35,P＜0.05).Conclusions The secondary TURBT plays a positive role in NMIBC recurrence.
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ObjectiveTo explore the effects of enteral nutrition (EN) on intestinal permeability in patients with active ulcerative colitis (AUC). MethodsTwenty-four A UC patients were randomly divided into two groups:routine treatment group (n =11 ) and routine treatment plus EN group (n =13). Patients in routine treatment group were treated with mesalazine as well as low-residue diet, while patients in routine treatment plus EN group received mesalazine and short peptide EN for 14 days. The ratio of lactulose to mannitol in urine (L/M) before and after treatment was detected by high-performance liquid chromatography. ResultsThe L/M ratio was 0. 039 ± 0. 025 in routine treatment group and 0.072 ± 0.019 in routine treatment plus EN group (P =0.069). After 2 weeks of treatment, the L/M ratio of routine treatment plus EN group (0.038 ± 0.012 ) was significantly lower than the pretreatment level (P =0.043 ), while the L/M ratio of routine treatment group between before and after treatment had no significant difference (0.039 ± 0.025 vs. 0.032 ± 0.022, P =0.730). ConclusionEN can effectively improve the intestinal permeability in AUC patients.
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Objective To explore the role of Cyclin B1 and Cyclin D1 on Barrett esophagus,Barrett's esophagus mixed with atypical dysplasia and esophageal adenocarcinoma.Methods Cyclin B1 and Cyclin D1 were examined with immunohistochemistry.76 esophageal tissues of patients werB collected,including severe reflux esophagitis(RE,25 cases),Barrett esophagus(BE,35 cases),Barrett esophagus mixed with atypical dysplasia(DY,8 cases),esophageal carcinoma(CA,8 cases).Ten cases with normal esophageal mucosa were examined as the control. Results Cyclin B1 and Cyclin D1 were high expression in the specimens of the BE,DY and CA groups and very low expression in the control and RE group.Statistieal difference Was showed(P<0.01).Expression of Cyclin D1 was increasing gradually from the tissues of intestinal metaplasia,atypical dysplasia to adenocarcinoma(50.04 vs 67.94 vs 74.31).There Was significant difference among these three groups(P<0.01).Conclusion Cyclin B1 and Cyclin D1 as markers of tumour development could evaluate the risk from Barrett esophagus to adenocarcinoma.Perhaps it is the earlv event in the development of esophageal carcinoma.
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Objective To build relationship model of personality, life style and mental health for medical students. Methods 869 medical students were surveyed with Eysenk Personality Questionnaire, Symptom Check List 90(SCL-90), common condition questionnaire, to describe the situation of medical students mental health and personality, and a relationship model was set up by structural equation modeling. Results The situation of mental health for medical students was well. Male students showed significantly higher lie than female students. The only children showed significant higher lie than those having siblings. Neuroticism, life style, lie, sleep time everyday, boarding and lodging in middle school, friends, only child, degree of parents attention had significant direct influence on mental health (β =0.508, 0.136, 0.100, 0.082, 0.076, -0.057, 0.057, 0.051 ). Neuroticism, friends and sleep time everyday affected mental health in an indirect way through life style (β = 0.044, - 0. 008, 0.007). Only child affected mental health in an indirect way through boarding and lodging in middle school (β = -0.026). Lie affected mental health in an indirect way through neuroticism (β =0. 195). Conclusion The important effects of personality, life style on mental health are further supported in this study.