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Objective To study one male patient with cirrhosis for spironolactone induced gynecomastia and promote clinical pharmacists providing better pharmaceutical cares .Methods Based on the patient′s diseases and medication history , clinical pharmacists searched related literature and analyzed the cause of gynecomastia for the patient .Results The patient′s breast pain was relieved and finally disappeared after termination of spironolactone .Therefore ,spironolactone was suspected to be the drug to cause gynecomastia .Conclusion Clinical pharmacists can improve pharmaceutical cares by carefully monitoring the adverse reactions and selecting appropriate medications .
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the absorption kinetics of atractylenolide I in intestines of rats and the influence of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) on the absorption.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The absorption kinetics was investigated using the method of in situ intestine absorption in rats and the samples were determined by HPLC.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Atractylenolide I is absorbed quite well at all segments of intestine in rats and no specific absorption was founded in different segment. When the concentration of perfusion solution was increased contrarily the absorption rate constant (Ka) kept at the same level. Compared Ka of three different concentration of perfusion solution with variance analysis method, Ka of atractylenolide I had no significant differences. But the Ka values were significently increased in the presence of P-gp inbibitor, verapamil or digoxin.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Atractylenolide I can be classified into high penetrating drug. Passive diffusion dominates the absorptive transport behivior of atractylenolide I. Atractylenolide I can be absorbed in the whole intestinal segments and there is not a preferntial absorption zone in the intestine. The absorption and secretion of atractylenolide I are mediated by the efflux transport system, P-gp.</p>