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Pediatric cancer is one of the leading causes of death in children around the world.Although radiotherapy is an important means of treatment for pediatric cancer,it causes acute or chronic adverse events that may affect patients' survival time and quality of life.As a novel and advanced radiation technique,proton therapy allows for precise dose delivery in target volume,significantly reducing the irradiation to surrounding tissues and organs.Studies have shown that proton therapy is well tolerated in the treatment of pediatric cancer,and it achieves good tumor control;proton therapy is superior to traditional radiotherapy in improving quality of life,protecting intelligence,and reducing the risk of secondary cancer.This article reviews the research advances in the application of proton therapy in the treatment of pediatric cancer.
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OBJECTIVE To investigate the pertinency between acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ scores(APACHEⅡ)and nosocomial infection.METHODS The clinical data from 1 007 ICU patients were evaluated with APACHEⅡ scores system,and made a prospective survey of nosocomial infection.RESULTS Along with the increase in APACHEⅡ scores,nosocomial infection rate and mortality showed rising trend and they were in linear relationship.CONCLUSIONS APACHEⅡ scores system not only can appraise the degrees of severity of illness,evaluate medical treatment,and estimate the prognosis,but also forecast nosocomial infection.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore a set of scientific evaluation and intervention methods on perioperatur period which fits for China's situation, and to promote the development of rational drug use.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Two would tertiary general hospitals were selected and separated in to intervention group and control group. Intervention was carried out and compared at the same period on inpatient surgical cases of thryroidectomy, mastectomy, cholescystectomy, and hysteromyomectomy plus appendix.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The average drug costs was decreased from 1 601.27 yuan to 1 489.59 yuan and the average antibiotics use from 740.20 yuan to 352.03 yuan (P < 0.01) in the intervention group pre and post intervention. There was a remarkable improvement on the rationality of antibiotics use in intervention group, from 31.35% to 91.81% (P < 0.01) pre and post intervention, implemented in the hospital.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It is practicable and effective to implement rational drug use where intervention was carried out, since it plays an active role on promoting safely, effectively and economic antibiotic use in China.</p>
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Humanos , Antibacterianos , Economia , Usos Terapêuticos , Custos de Medicamentos , Uso de Medicamentos , Economia , Cirurgia Geral , Assistência PerioperatóriaRESUMO
To achieve the goal of continuous improvement, measures of multi-link management were adopted for antimicrobial use, including establishing and improving organizational frameworks and rules and regulations, conducting various forms of training for all workers and staff, formulating criteria that were based on the frontier theories and could be easily applied, taking effective measures of intervention, using scientific evaluation methods, and getting timely feedback. The measures have proved to be effective in practice.
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OBJECTIVE To survey the effect of the intervention measures according to the guiding principle of antibiotics rational use. METHODS The data of medication of two groups of patients in Mar 2004 and Mar 2005 were collected respectively,and the condition of antibiotics use was compared. RESULTS In comparison with that in Mar 2004 the average in-hospital days and antibiotics costs in Mar 2005 were reduced remarkably;the percentage of antibiotics use was much lower;the ratio of the rational use of antibiotics increased notably(P