Application of special staining techniques in pathological diagnosis of fungi infections in HIV/AIDS patients / 中华临床感染病杂志

Objective To apply special staining techniques in pathological diagnosis of fungal infections in HIV/AIDS patients.Methods Pathological data of 20 HIV/AIDS patients complicated with fungi infections in Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center during February 2010 and November 2013 were retrospectively analyzed.Tissue specimens were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE),Periodic acidSchiff (PAS) and methenamine silver nitrate (MSN),and the sections were observed under optical microscope.Results Among 20 HIV/AIDS patients complicated with fungi infections,2 were infected with pulmonary cryptococcosis; 3 were penicillium marneffei infections in skin,lung and abdominal mesenteric lymph nodes; 5 were histoplasma capsulatum infections in epiglottis,neck lymph nodes,oral cavity,abdominal cavity and skin; 4 were aspergillus infections in maxillary sinus,lung and vocal cords,and 3 of them were combined with tuberculous lesions; 6 were candida albicans infections in liver,pharynx,esophagus and stomach.In tissues stained with HE the infiltration of inflammatory cells,granuloma formation and coagulative necrosis were observed,and the shape of fungi needed careful observation to avoid missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis.In tissues stained with PAS,fungal spores and pseudohypha were presented in bright amaranth,and cell nucleus was in purple-blue.In tissues stained with MSN,fungal spores and pseudohypha were identified clearly in brown-black.Conclusion HE plus PAS and MSN staining will help pathological diagnosis of fungi infection.

To screen and evaluate the efficacy of antiviral drugs in duck animal model / 中华传染病杂志

0bjective To study the potency of Entecavir Maleate(ETVM),Entecavir(ETV) and Adefovir(ADV) on suppressing duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) replication.Methods DHBV DNA positive ducks were used as experimental animal model.Ail these ducks were randomized to different arms and respectively given high,medium and low dosage of ETVM,ETV and ADV.ETVM and ETV were given orally daily respectively for six weeks and ADV orally 3 times every week for six weeks.The serum DHBV DNA levels were tested every 2 weeks at day 0 and,after that,at week 2,4.6 and 8 respectively by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction(PCR).The results were analyzed by paired-samples t test.Results The treatment resulted in the reduction of viral load among all ETVM.ETV or ADV treated groups.The viral load of DHBV DNA at pretreatment and week 6 in the ETVM high dosage group were(7.34±1.33)and(2.12±2.50)lg copy/mL,respectively(P<O.01) and in the ETV high dosage group,the load of DHBV DNA were(8.02±0.56)and(4.36±1.64)lg copy/mL at pretreatment and week 6,respectively (P<0.01).DHBV DNA rebounds were observed after treatment cessation in these groups.The results showed that ETVM and ETV had superior antiviral activity compared tO ADV by rapidly and intensively inhibiting DHBV DNA replication in hepatitis B infected ducks.while the potency of ETVM was even better than ETV.Conclusions Both ETVM and ETV'S antiviral activities are much better than that of ADV while ETVM has the best antiviral efficacy.DHBV animal model is a good model tO screen and evaluate antiviral activity of different drugs and compounds.