Screening of effective anti-depressant part from Coreopsis tinctoria and study on its mechanism / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To screen the effective anti-depressant part from Coreopsis tinctoria and study its mechanism. METHODS The anti-depressant effects of 30％，50％，70％ and 90％ ethanol elution fractions from 75％ ethanol extract of C. tinctoria（CCTE）were investigated by tail suspension test and forced swimming test. Mice head-drop test ，reserpine antagonistic test，yohimbine toxicity enhancement test and in vitro monoamine oxidase （MAO） inhibition test were used to explore the mechanism of the relationship between the effective parts and 5-hydroxytryptamine （5-HT） and norepinephrine （NE） nerves. RESULTS The 50％ and 70％CCTE could significantly shorten the accumulative immobility time in tail suspension test and forced swimming test （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01），increase the number of head-shaking times （P＜0.01），reverse the eyelid ptosis ， hypothermia and immobility caused by hematopin （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01），and increase the number of dead mice caused by yohimbine toxicity （P＜0.01）. IC 50 of okanin （CCT-6），isookanin（CCT-7）and taxifolin （CCT-8）against MAO were 8.71，37.89 and 67.07 µmol/L，respectively. CONCLUSIONS The 50％ and 70％CCTE are the effective anti-depressant parts of C. tinctoria . Its anti-depressant effect may be related to the reinforcement of 5-HT and the activation of NE nerves. The inhibition of CCT- 6， CCT-7 and CCT- 8 against MAO may be one of the anti-depressant mechanism of C. tinctoria .

Influence of endoplasmic reticulum stress in degeneration of cochlear hair cells in type 2 diabetic mice / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To investigate the influence of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in the degeneration of cochlear hair cells in the type 2diabetic mice, and to clarify its mechanism.Methods:Twenty clean Kun Ming male mice aged one month were selected and randomly divided into control group and model group (n=10) .The mice in model group were injected with STZ (40 mg·kg-1) to establish the type 2diabetic models.The fasting blood glucose levels of the mice were measured through collecting the vena caudalis blood of the mice.Auditory brain stem response (ABR) was used to detect the ABR threshold of the mice.Otoacoustic emission (OAE) test was used to detect the OAE threshold of mice.The defect rate of mouse cochlear outer hair cells was calculated by the mouse cochlear spreading technique.The expression levels of GRP78, caspase-12, p-ERK and Nrf2proteins were detected by Western blotting method.Results:Compared with control group, the fasting blood glucose levels of the mice in model group at the 7th and the 14th days had no significant differences (P＞0.05) , but the levels were increased significantly at the 21th, 28th and 35th days and the level reached the highest value at the 35th day.The ABR thresholds of the mice in model group at 8, 12, and 24kHZ were increased significantly compared with control group (P＜0.05) .Under the stimulation of low frequency, there was no significant change in the OAE threshold of the mice in model grouop compared with control group.The OAE thresholds of the mice in model group were increased significantly under the medium frequency and high frequency stimulation compared with control group (P＜0.05) .The defects of the cochlear hair cells were mainly concentrated on the bottom of gyrus of the mice, and the defects in middle temporal gyrus and parietal gyrus were less.Compared with control group, the defect rate in the bottom of gyrus of the mice in model group was increased significantly (P＜0.05) ;the defect rates in the middle temporal gyrus and parietal gyrus were increased, but there was no significant difference (P＞0.05) .The expression levels of p-ERK and Nrf2in the cochlear hair cells of the mice in model group were lower than those in control group (P＜0.05) , and the expression levels of GRP78and caspase-12were higher than those in control group (P＜0.05) .Conclusion:ERS can result in the increase of defect rate of cochlear outer hair cells and ABR brainstem hearing threshold of the diabetic mice and decrease the expression levels of p-ERK and Nrf2proteins, suggesting that ERS can promote the degenerative lesions of cochlear hair cells in the type 2diabetic mice.

The Mechanism of Hearing Loss after Focal Cerebral Ischemia-reperfusion Injury / 听力学及言语疾病杂志

Objective To investigate the mechanism of hearing loss after focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.Methods A total of 60 healthy male adult SD rats were included in this study and randomly divided into 2 groups, ischemia-reperfusion(I/R) group and sham operated control, with 30 rats in each group.The rats in I/R group were operated for suture-occluded method to establish middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)model, with ischemia for 60 mins followed by reperfusion for 24 hrs.The control group was only to be isolated cervical vessels, with no thread embolism inserted.The auditory brainstem response (ABR) was tested before operation and at 24 hrs post-operation respectively.At 24 hrs post-operation, we scored neurological functions, measured the changes of water content in the brain using the dry-wet weight method, and determined the infarct volume through TTC method.We also evaluated the integrity of blood-brain barrier(BBB) by viewing the exudation of Evans blue and observed the apoptosis of neurocyte by TUNEL method to conclude apoptotic index(AI).The expression of MMP-9,Claudin-5,Occludin and CX-43 were detected by Western blot.Results Compared with the sham group,the neurological function scores,the infarct volume and water content of the brain increased, with the elevated thresholds of ABR significantly and AI went up in I/R group.The expression levels of MMP-9 and CX-43 were significantly up-regulated,but the expressions of Claudin-5 and Occludin were obviously down-regulated.All of the differences above had statistical significances.Conclusion The mechanism of hearing loss after focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats is possibly related to MMPs activation,neurocyte apoptosis,BBB breakage and gap junction damage.

Change of auditory brainstem response in hearing deprivation rat model induced by bilateral cochlears ablation / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the change of auditory brainstem response (ABR) in hearing deprivation rat model induced by bilateral cochlears ablation at different time points.@*METHOD@#Forty SD rats were randomly divided into four experiment groups including 2-week group, 4-week group, 6-week group, 8-week group and four control groups with 5 rats (n = 10) in each group. Then bilateral cochlears ablation was applied to experiment groups. The threshold value of ABR was measured at different time and latent period of each wave was compared.@*RESULT@#The threshold of ABR in experiment group was elevated significantly. The latent period of each wave was pro longed significantly (P < 0.01). In experiment group, the threshold value of ABR in 2-week and 4-week group was significantly greater than that in 6-week group and 8-week group (P < 0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#Bilateral cochlears ablation surgery could elevate the threshold of ABR and latent period of each wave prolonged. The effect of hearing deprivation became apparent after surgery for 4 weeks.

Relationships among immune traits and MHC B-LBII genetic variation in three chicken breeds / 生物工程学报

We have assessed the relationships between immune trait (antibody titers of Sheep red blood cell, SRBC; Avian influenza, AI; Newcastle disease, ND) and varieties of MHC B-LBHII Gene in local chicken breeds (Wenshang Barred chicken, LH; Laiwu Black chicken, LWH; and Jining Bairi chicken, BR). We selected 300 chickens randomly from the three indigenous chicken populations. The variations of MHC B-L BII gene were detected by directly DNA sequencing and polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP). The results indicated that there were about 19-22 nucleotide mutations in the three local breeds, which could affect 16-18 amino acid variations. Another results indicated that there was significantly relationship between seven to eight SNPs of the MHC B-LBII region and some immune traits (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Both locus G97A and locus T138A were found in the three species, which were significantly related to the antibodies of SRBC, ND and AI antibody titers (P < 0.05). Among them, the locus G97A was significantly associated with ND antibody titers (P < 0.05) in BR chicken, with SRBC antibody titers (P < 0.05) in LWH chicken, and with H9 antibody titers (P < 0.05) in LH chicken. Furthermore, locus T138A was significantly associated with H9 antibody titers in BR and LH chickens (P < 0.05). All those results suggest relationships among the different varieties of MHC B-LBII and immune traits in the three local breeds.

Investigation of SLC26A4 mutations associated with inner ear malformations / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the molecular pathogenesis of SLC26A4 mutations associated with inner ear malformations including large vestibular aqueduct syndrome (LVAS), Mondini dysplasia and inner ear malformations but not accompanied with LVAS.@*METHOD@#DNA sample and clinical material were obtained from 14 sporadic LVAS probands, six Mondini dysplasia probands and seven inner ear malformations excluding IVAS probands. SLC26A4 gene mutation was analyzed by direct sequencing for its 20 coding exons. GJB2 gene and also mt12SrRNA were analyzed by direct sequencing.@*RESULT@#In 14 cases of LVAS, two mutations were detected in 12 patients (85.7%, either homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations), and one mutation was found in two patients (14.3%). In six cases of Mondini dysplasia, two mutations were detected in all of patients (100%). No mutation could be found in the seven cases of other inner ear abnormalities not accompanied with LVAS. No pathogenic mutation was detected in all of these 27 probands in GJB2 gene and mt12SrRNA 1555/1494T.@*CONCLUSION@#We have shown that LVAS and Mondini dysplasia closely correlate with SLC26A4 gene. No mutation was detected in seven probands of inner ear malformations not accompanied with LVAS. We should study the molecular pathogenesis of this disease in depth.

Changes of hearing and cochlear morphology in rats with cerebral concussion / 中国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科

0.05). The morphological changes were observed in the cochlea. Moreover, the changes of cochlear tissues under the optical microscope wasa lot of akaryotes were found in the blood capillary of cartilaginous tissue in the rats of 30 minutes after rammed; a great quantity inflammatory cells were observed in the blood capillary of cartilaginous tissue in the rats of 1 day rammed. The changes of morphology coincided with the results of DPOAE. CONCLUSION Outer hair cells may be injured by cerebral concussion and the changes were showed by DPOAE and ABR.