S gene mutation of blood donors with occult hepatitis B virus infection in Huzhou area / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To analyze the characteristics of gene mutation in S region of blood donors with occult hepatitis B virus infection (OBI) in Huzhou area. 【Methods】 A total of 60 107 blood samples in Huzhou between October 2018 and June 2020 were collected by our blood station. Among them, 52 samples were NAT, yield and their epidemiological characteristics were analyzed. Twenty-seven OBI out of the 52 NAT yield samples were included in experimental group. Other eight HBV-infected individuals with positive HBsAg, core antibody (anti-HBc) and HBV-DNA were selected as positive control. Liver function and 5 serological markers of HBV were compared between the two groups, and HBV genotypes and amino acid mutation in S region in the two groups were analyzed. 【Results】 The number of NAT-yield samples were different by gender, age, and educational background (P0.05). Surface antigen (HBsAg) in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group, while surface antibody (anti-HBs) and e antibody (anti-HBe) were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). Twenty sequences in S region were obtained from the experimental group, including 4 in S region and 16 in preSS region; 16 cases with type C and 4 cases with type B. 【Conclusion】 The follow-up of NAT-yield blood donors in Huzhou area should be conducted. Compared with HBV infected individuals with positive HBsAg, anti-HBc and HBV-DNA, those with OBI have a higher gene mutation rate in S region.

Clinical application of the thumb-tack needle for subcutaneous embedding therapy on treating insomnia with insufficiency of heart and spleen among breast cancer patients / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective@#To explore the clinical therapeutic method and effect of the thumb-tack needle for subcutaneous embedding therapy on treating insomnia with insufficiency of heart and spleen among breast cancer patients.@*Methods@#Totally 80 breast cancer patients with insomnia with insufficiency of heart and spleen treated in department of oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Jiao Tong University from March 2018 till November 2018 were selected and assigned into an experiment group and a control group by random number table, 40 cases in each one. The experiment group applied thumb-tack needle for subcutaneous embedding therapy, selecting Shenmen, Sanyinjiao, Zusanli, Anmian as major acupoint and Taibai as assistant acupoint. The control group used fake needles at the same places. After four-week treatment, we evaluated the therapeutic effect using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and observed side effects.@*Results@#Before treatment, no significantly statistical differences were observed between the two groups on global and each dimension′s PSQI scores (P>0.05). After treatment, the PSQI scores and PSQI global score of the experiment group on sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, sleep efficiency, sleep disturbances, and daytime dysfunction were (1.58±0.53), (1.72±0.33), (1.57±0.64), (1.61±0.68), (1.05±0.42), (1.27±0.53), (8.91±2.73) points respectively, which were (1.86±0.71), (1.90±0.41), (1.85±0.47), (1.97±0.83), (1.42±0.91), (1.56±0.45), (10.86±4.53) points respectively in the control group. There was significant difference between the two groups on PSQI global scores (t=1.998-2.637, P<0.05). The number of patients in the experiment group assessed as clinical cure, obviously effective, effective and noneffective were 8, 13, 9, 10 respectively, which were 1, 5, 12, 22 in the control group respectively. The clinical efficacy showed significant difference between the two groups (χ2=27.68, P<0.01). No side effects, such as infection, needle drop-off and etc. were observed.@*Conclusions@#The thumb-tack needle for subcutaneous embedding therapy could improve sleep quality of breast cancer patients with insomnia with insufficiency of heart and spleen, and it′s easy to operate, safe with little side effects.

Structural characteristics of the deciduous teeth of Tibetan miniature pigs / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the histological structure of the deciduous teeth and the tooth germs of Tibetan miniature pigs for studies of dental tissue diseases and tooth regeneration.@*METHODS@#The structure of the deciduous teeth of Tibetan miniature pigs was observed by X-ray. The ultrastructure of the enamel and dentin of deciduous teeth was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The jaws and teeth were three-dimensionally reconstructed using Mimics software based on Micro-CT scanning of the deciduous teeth. Image J software was used to calculate the gray value and the mineralization density of the deciduous teeth. Hisotological structure of the tooth germ and the pulp tissue of Tibetan miniature pigs was observed using HE staining.@*RESULTS@#The deciduous teeth of Tibetan miniature pigs were composed of enamel, dentin and medullary pulp tissue. The permanent tooth germ were formed during the deciduous dentition. The enamel and dentin ultrastructure of deciduous teeth were consistent with that of human deciduous teeth. The enamel and dentin mineralization densities were 2.47±0.09 g/cm and 1.72±0.07 g/cm, respectively. The pathological structures of tooth germ and pulp tissue were similar to those of human teeth, and the pulp tissue of the deciduous teeth was in an undifferentiated state.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The deciduous teeth of Tibetan miniature pig have similar anatomy, ultrastructure and histopathological structure to human teeth and can serve as a good animal model for studying human dental tissue diseases and the mechanisms of tooth regeneration.

Characterization of metabolic kinetics and CYP phenotyping of aloe emodin in liver microsomes / 国际药学研究杂志

Objective To characterize the metabolic kinetics of aloe emodin in human liver microsomes(HLM)and rat liver microsomes(RLM)and identify the CYP phenotyping of phaseⅠmetabolism. Methods Aloe emodin was incubated at 37℃ with HLM and RLM in the presence or absence of NADPH,UDGPA or NADPH+UDGPA. The remaining aloe emodin was determined with a validated LC-MS/MS method to assess the metabolic stability and enzymatic kinetics. A panel of rCYP isoforms(CYP1A2,2B6,2C8, 2C9,2C19,2D6 and 3A4)and HLM with specific inhibitors of CYP isoforms were used to identify the CYP phenotyping of aloe emo?din. Results In HLM and RLM,aloe emodin was metabolically eliminated in the presence of NADPH,with 85.8%and 81.7%of the parent compounds eliminated in 30 min,respectively. The t1/2 were(10.3±0.3)and(11.5±3.3)min,and the CLint were(420.1±10.9) and(573.4±188.2)ml/(min·kg),respectively. The apparent Km and Vmax for HLM and RLM were obtained and found to be(2.4±0.9) and(3.9±1.4)μmol/L,(1492±170.5)and(2783±595.8)nmol/(min·g protein),respectively. In RLM with UDPGA,38.5%of aloe emodin was metabolized in 30 min with t1/2 of 31.6 min and CLint of(197.1±15.5)ml/(min·kg). The results of CYP phenotyping indi?cated that CYP1A2,2B6,2C19 and 3A4 were the major enzymes involved in the metabolism of aloe emodin. By using the method of total normalized rate,the contributions of the major enzymes were assessed to be 35.4%,6.6%,2.2%and 21.9%,respectively. Con?clusion Aloe emodin is mainly eliminated by CYP mediated metabolism in HLM and RLM. CYP1A2 and 3A4 are the major responsi?ble enzymes of aloe emodin,and the contributions are above 20%. Species differences in liver metabolism of aloe emodin are observed. It undergoes notable glucuronidation in RLM only.

Therapeutic effect of alprostadil on improving myocardial microcirculatory disturbance and hemorheology in patients with coronary heart disease / 心血管康复医学杂志

Objective: To assess therapeutic effect of alprostadil on improving myocardial microcirculatory disturbance and hemorheological disorder in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD).Methods: A total of 164 CHD patients treated in our hospital were selected.According to random number table method, they were randomly and equally divided into routine treatment group and alprostadil group (received alprostadil injection based on routine treatment group), both groups were treated for two weeks.Serum levels of nitric oxide (NO), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), thromboxan β2 (TXβ2) and hemorheological indexes were measured and compared between two groups after treatment;TIMI grade and TIMI myocardial perfusion grading (TMPG) of CAG were compared between two groups after treatment.Results: Compared with routine treatment group after treatment, there were significant rise in serum levels of NO[(64.9±10.3) mmol/L vs.(98.8±13.2) mmol/L]and VEGF[(1.62±0.53) mg/L vs.(3.31±0.68) mg/L], and significant reduction in serum TXβ2 level[(180.4±22.8) pg/ml vs.(78.9±9.6) pg/ml], P<0.05 or<0.01;significant reductions in whole blood high shear viscosity[(5.84±0.72) mPa·s vs.(4.25±0.31) mPa·s], whole blood low shear viscosity[(8.42±0.93) mPa s vs.(5.31±0.68) mPa s], plasma viscosity[(2.73±0.34) mPa s vs.(1.61±0.29) mPa s], fibrinogen level[(4.09±0.55) g/L vs.(3.13±0.55) g/L], erythrocyte aggregation index[(3.85±0.47) vs.(2.24±0.31)]and maximum platelet aggregation rate[(67.4±5.3)% vs.(48.0±3.6)%]in alprostadil group, P<0.05 all.Among those patients undergoing second CAG, compared with routine treatment group, there were significant reductions in percentages of TIMI and TMPG grade II and grade III, and significant rise in percentages of TIMI and TMPG grade 0 and grade I in alprostadil group, P<0.05 or <0.01.Conclusion: Alprostadil can significantly improve myocardial microcirculatory disturbance and hemorheological disorder in patients with coronary heart disease, which is worth extending.

Therapeutic effect of intensive anti -platelet therapy on patients with acute myocardial infarction com-plicated diabetes mellitus / 心血管康复医学杂志

Objective:To analyze therapeutic effect and safety of triple intensive anti -platelet therapy on patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) complicated type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) .Methods:A total of 100 AMI + T2DM patients were enrolled and equally divided into routine treatment group (received aspirin and clopi‐dogrel treatment based on routine treatment ) and tirofiban group (received tirofiban based on routine treatment group) .Platelet count (PLT) ,platelet activating factor (PAF) ,prothrombin time (PT) ,activated partial thrombo‐plastin time (APTT) ,fibrinogen (Fg) ,left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ,left ventricular fractional short‐ening (LVFS) ,stroke volume (SV) and therapeutic effect were measured and compared between two groups .All patients were followed up for six months ,incidence rates of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and vari‐ous hemorrhage events were compared between two groups .Results :Compared with routine treatment group ,there were significant reductions in PLT [(18.2 ± 2.5) 109/L vs .(15.8 ± 1.4) 109/L] and PAF [(138.6 ± 10.2)μg/L vs . (61.5 ± 3.1)μg/L] (P0.05 all .Conclusion:Therapeutic effect of triple in‐tensive anti-platelet therapy is significant in AMI + T2DM patients ,and its adverse reactions and prognosis have no difference with those of dual anti -platelet therapy .

The evaluation of efflux transporter model based on RNA interference technology in vitro / 药学学报

In the present study, the specifically knockdown models of P-gp or MRP2 were constructed by using a series of chemically synthesized small interfering RNA (siRNA) in vitro. The expression of P-gp and MRP2 was measured by real-time PCR and Western blot, and the function was evaluated by applying P-gp and MRP2 substrate, rhodamine and methotrexate. The results showed that MRP2 siRNA-3 or P-gp siRNA-2 significantly decreased the mRNA expression of MRP2 or P-gp, the inhibition ratio was 68% or 84%; MRP2 siRNA-3 or P-gp siRNA-2 at a dose of 80 nmol x L(-1) significantly reduced the protein expression of MRP2 or P-gp at 48 h after treatment, the inhibition ratio was 62% or 70%. Meanwhile, other transporters were not influenced by siRNA. When pretreatment with MRP2 siRNA-3 or P-gp siRNA-2, the efflux of methotrexate or rhodamine decreased significantly and the intra-cellular concentration increased. The results suggested that chemically synthesized siRNA could significantly inhibit the expression and function of MRP2 and P-gp, and the model of RNAi in vitro could be used to evaluate the role of efflux transporters in transportation of drugs.

Assessment of blood brain barrier penetration of drugs using a rat steady-state brain distribution model / 国际药学研究杂志

Objective To develop a steady-state brain distribution model in rats and to assess the blood brain barrier(BBB) penetration of antipyrine, atenolol and a group of ZZB candidate compounds. Methods Antipyrine, atenolol and ZZB compounds were administered to rats by an initial iv bolus dose (loading dose) followed by iv infusion at a constant rate for 30-40 min to reach steady-state plasma kinetics. The blood and brain tissue samples were then collected. The steady-state concentrations of the samples were measured by LC-MS/MS. The steady-state ratio of brain to plasma concentration (Kp) was calculated. The drugs and candidate compounds were also tested with Caco-2 cell model and the apparent bidirectional transport permeability coefficient (Papp) was obtained. Results Antipyrine and atenolol were known as drugs with high and low BBB penetration properties respectively. The mean brain concentrations of antipyrine and atenolol at steady-state were(2561 ± 125) and(20.1±0.8)ng/g with the Kp values of 0.93 ± 0.04 and 0.015 ± 0.002, respectively. The Kp value of antipyrine was about 60 folds higher than that of atenolol. Despite the similar structures of ZZB compounds, the Kp values were varied in the range from 0.044 to 6.41. The Kp values were not correlated with Papp values yielded from Caco-2 cell model. Conclusion The established rat steady-state brain distribution model is simple, reliable and could significantly reduce the animal use. It is a practical in vivo model for assessment of BBB penetration of drugs.

Enzyme kinetics of psoralen and isopsoralen in rat and human liver microsomes / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

OBJECTIVE To investigate and compare the enzyme kinetic characters of psoralen (PRN)and isopsoralen(IPRN)in rat and human liver microsomes. METHODS PRN and IPRN in liver microsomes incubates were determined using LC-MS/MS. The enzyme kinetic and metabolic stability of PRN and IPRN were investigated by employing the optimized rat and human liver microsomes incubations. The Vmax and Km values were calculated using the nonlinear regression method. RESULTS The quanti?tative method showed good linearity within the range of 0.1-50.0 μmol · L-1 and was suitable for the assay in biological samples. The in vitro elimination was linear with the substrate concentrations lower than 1 μmol,the protein concentration within 0.5 g · L-1,and the incubation time within 40 min. The t1/2 values of PRN and IPRN in rat and human liver microsomes were 74.5,95.0,74.5 and 173.3 min, respectively. The Vmax values of PRN in rat and human liver microsomes were(1.140±0.080)μmol·min-1·g-1 protein,(0.620±0.060)μmol·min-1·g-1 protein,while Km values of PRN in rat and human liver microsomes were (12.9 ± 0.3)μmol · L- 1,(7.4 ± 1.3)μmol · L- 1,respectively. The Vmax values of IPRN in rat and human liver microsomes were(0.251±0.012)and(0.103±0.014)μmol·min-1·g-1 protein,while Km values of IPRN in rat and human liver microsomes were (3.0 ± 0.4)μmol · L-1,(3.4 ± 0.7)μmol · L-1,respectively. CONCLUSION The enzyme kinetic characters and metabolic stability of PRN and IPRN show species and chemical structures related differences. Interestingly,the metabolic eliminations of PRN and IPRN are similar in rats. However,the metabolic elimination of IPRN in humans involved in CYP enzymes may be much slower than that of PRN.

Therapeutic effect and safety of bare metal stent in patients with coronary heart disease complicated im-paired glucose tolerance / 心血管康复医学杂志

Objective:To analyze the clinical therapeutic effect and safety of bare metal stent (BMS)application in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD)complicated impaired glucose tolerance (IGT).Methods:The data of 68 CHD + IGT patients undergoing stent implantation in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed.According to kind of implanted stents,they were divided into BMS group (n=36)and drug eluting stent (DES)group (n=32). Thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI)flow grade and Gensini score of coronary lesion were compared be-tween two groups via reviewing coronary angiography six months after operation.Incidence rates of re-stenosis,a-cute thrombosis,sub-acute thrombosis,revascularization and sudden death were compared between two groups after one year follow-up.Results:There were no significant difference in TIMI grade and Gensini score of coronary le-sion between two groups after operation (P>0.05).Compared with DES group after one-year follow-up,there were significant reductions in incidence rates of acute thrombosis (6.25% vs. 2.78%), sub-acute thrombosis (15.63% vs.5.56%)and sudden death (6.25% vs.2.78%)in BMS group (P0.05).Conclusion:Application of bare metal stent can reduce incidence rate of postoperative complications and possess better therapeu-tic effect in patients with coronary heart disease complicated impaired glucose tolerance.

The effect of mental abacus calculation training on form recognition of children: an ERP study / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the influence of mental abacus calculation (MAC) training on children's form recognition.Methods 28 children ( 14 children with MAC training and 14 children with non-MAC traning)were investigated by using event-related potential(ERP) technology.The event-related potentials were recorded when subjects were in the different form shape recognition.Results ( 1 ) The amplitudes of the posterior P1 evoked by the children with MAC training ( (9.59 ± 3.58) μV) were significantly greater than that of the children without MAC training ( (7.06 ± 2.84) μV) ( P ＜ 0.05 ).(2) The amplitudes of right temporal-posterior N170 of children with MAC( ( -9.83 ±2.97) μV) were markedly less than that of children with non-MAC( ( - 12.45 ±2.51 ) μV) ( P ＜ 0.05 ).( 3 ) The amplitudes of prefrontal P3 of children with MAC ( (7.65 ± 2.25 ) μV) were remarkably greater than that of children with non-MAC ( (4.89 ± 3.35 ) μV) ( P ＜ 0.05 ).ConclusionThe brain function of form recognition in children is influenced by mental abacus calculation training.

The impact of Chitosan Lecithin on the mild cognitive impairment patients' semantic understanding by event-related potential N400 / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To study the impact of Chitosan Lecithin on the mild cognitive impairment(MCI) patients' semantic understanding by event-related potential N400.Methods 32 patients with MCI were screened from 500 elder people aged Court in Weifang by mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scale,and were divided into two groups:the observation group ( n=16) and the control group ( n=16) by the table of random numbers.The observation group were given Chitosan Lecithin while the control group were given an equal dose of placebo.The intervention time was 2 months.The subjects were asked to conduct semantic judgement by semantic violation experiment.Thirty-two channels electroencephalogram(EEG) was recorded by Neuroacan Nuamps Systerm and analyzed data.Results 1 ) Specific component N400 was found in both groups,which was distributed at the frontal,central and parietal regions.2 ) The observation group reaction time and correct rate were respectively (965.13 ± 178.07 ) ms and ( 92.56 ± 2.36 ) ％ ,while the control group were respectively ( 1126.13 ± 252.77 ) ms and (85.28 ± 5.73 )％,with significant difference(P ＜ 0.05 ).3 ) Compared with N400 in control group,N400 latency was shorter ( (425.28 ±47.26) ms vs (456.19 ± 37.75 ) ms,F=6.01,P＜0.05) and amplitude was higher ( (4.79 ±2.18)μV vs (3.59 ± 1.33) pV,F=5.96,P＜0.05).Conclusion Chitosan lecithin has the effect of N400 latency and amplitude,it may be helpful for the patients of MCI in semantic understanding.

Effect of probiotics and xylo-oligosaccharide on performance,digestive enzyme activities,blood index and intestinal microflora of early weaned piglets / 中国兽医学报

To evaluate the effects of supplemental probiotics and xylo-oligosaccharide on performance,digestive enzyme activities,blood index and intestinal microflora.Two hundred and forty crossbred early weaned PIC piglets with an average initial weight of (6.83 + 0.9) kg,weaned at (21 ± 2) d of age,were divided into four groups.Control Ⅰ (positive diet,with no probiotics and xylo-oligosaccharide but more fish meal,whey powder and little soybean meal),Control Ⅱ (negative diet,with no probiotics and xylo-oligosaccharide but less fish meal,whey powder and more soybean meal),Negative diet + 0.035 % probiotics,negative diet + 0.002% xylo-oligosaccharide.The results of theses studies suggested that whey powder and fish meal from 5.50% to 2.50%,soybean meal from 22.50% to 26.50% could result in decreasing of alimentary canal enzyme activity,blood sugar,total serum protein and the quantities of Bacillus in appendix(P<0.05),and raising of serum urea nitrogen,the quantities of Escherichia coli in appendix,diarrhea indexes and Feed/Gain(P<0.05).Addition of probiotics and xylo-oligosaccharide could significantly improve the activities of alimentary canal protein,lipase and amylase(P<0.05),decrease Feed/Gain and the levels of blood sugar and decrease the levels of serum urea nitrogen and improve protein equilibrium in blood and energy metabolism.The quantities of bacillus were improved,Escherichia coli were decreased in appendix(P<0.05).Diarrhea indexes were decreased(P<0.05).Whether adding probiotics and xylo-oligosaecharide or not could not affect ADG and ADFI (P>0.05).Addition of probiotics and xylo-oligosaccharide could improve digestive function,beneficial microbial population of post-alimentary canal,Feed/Gain and prevent the diarrhea of piglets.

Color Doppler ultrasound in diagnosis and localization of scrofula in operation / 中国介入影像与治疗学

Objective To explore the two-dimensional images features and color flow characteristics of scrofula, as well as their application in the localization of scrofula. Methods A total of 110 cases of the scrofula confirmed by operation were retrospectively analyzed. Two-dimensional images and color flow characteristics, the relationship with vascular traveling and the invasion site were recorded. Results Lymph nodes of the lateral neck region along with large vessels were most commonly involved, then followed the submaxillary lymph nodes and the lymph nodes anterior neck longitudinally. There might be multiple lesions behaving differently on two-dimensional images and with different color flow characteristics. Conclusion Most of scrofula can be diagnosed clearly according to the two-dimensional images and color flow characteristics. The description of relationship between involved lymph nodes with vascular, the depth and position of scrofula make the operation safety.

Protective effects of metallothionein induced by zinc against doxorubicin-caused cardiotoxicity and its potential mechanisms / 中国新药与临床杂志

AIM: To investigate the effects of metallothionein (MT) induced by zinc on doxorubicin (DOX)-treated mice and to explore the potential mechanisms. METHODS: Male C57BL/6J mice were divided randomly into 4 groups (n = 6) following control, DOX, Zn and Zn plus DOX. Mice were pretreated with eikg-1, ip) or equal volume of saline, and were killed on d 4 after the last injection. Serum and hearts were collected for examination. RESULTS: Zinc pretreatment elevated cardiac MT levels significantly while other antioxidants in heart including glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSHpx) , superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) were not altered. Severe oxidative injury occurred in the mice treated with DOX as myocardial lipid peroxidation and morphological changes manifested by myocardial fibers swelling and vacuolization and nuclear condensation or dissolution, with increased activities of serum creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase and depletion of GSH, GSHpx, and SOD while CAT activity was increased in compensation. However, pre-induction of MT with zinc attenuated all of these toxic changes significantly. Furthermore, DOX induced elevation of hydrogen peroxide in heart tissues was greatly inhibited by zinc pretreatment. CONCLUSION: Preinduction of MT by zinc protects the heart from DOX-induced cardiotoxicity, and this effect is possibly correlated with the property of MT on scavenging free radicals in vivo.