Measles Antibodies Measured by Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test in Infants during the First Year of Life / 소아과

PURPOSE: The 2000-2001 measles epidemic resulted in more than 50,000 cases with the highest attack rate occuring in infants less than one year of age, indicating the necessity of measles immunization before 12 months of age when a measles outbreak occurs again. The study was conducted to measure maternal measles antibody in infants by plaque reduction neutralization test(PRN), for the first time in Korea, to assess the optimal age for measles vaccination before the first birthday, when necessary. METHODS: Sera were obtained from 95 infants younger than 12 months of age who were healthy or recovered from mild llnesses, and had not had measles vaccination, measles infection, or blood transfusion. Measles antibodies were measured by PRN. RESULTS: Geometric mean titers and seropositive rates of measles antibody measured by PRN were 879.7 mIU/mL(100.0%), 690.0 mIU/mL(83.3%), 182.7 mIU/mL(50.0%), 91.3 mIU/mL(50.0%), 32.2 mIU/ mL(0.0)%, 25.1 mIU/mL(0.0%), 18.1 mIU/mL(0.0%), 38.4 mIU/mL(25.0%), 27.1 mIU/mL(0.0%), 31.2 mIU/mL(0.0%), 54.3 mIU/mL(0.0%), and 27.1 mIU/mL(0.0%) from 0 to 11 months respectively. CONCLUSION: By PRN, which was used for the first time to measure the measles antibody in Korea, placentally transferred measles antibody was detected in all newborns tested and decreased reciprocally to the age of infants, leaving almost all infants older than four months seronegative. These results indicate that measles vaccination at six months of age or older, which is the current recommendation during the period of epidemic issued by the Korean Society of Pediatrics, should not cause the primary vaccine failure. It seems advisable to utilize PRN further in order to find the optimal schedule for measles vaccination to infants born to women who were vaccinated.

Renal Dysfunction Following On-pump versus Off-pump Coronary Revascularization / 대한마취과학회지

BACKGROUND: Renal dysfunction is a serious complication that sometimes occurs after on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. Recently, the off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) is used. We investigated whether this practice can reduce renal compromise. METHODS: Eighty patients underwent CABG surgery between March 2001 and March 2002. Among these, 50 patients received CABG with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and 30 patients received OPCAB. The data collected included age, gender, history of diabetes, history of hypertension, history of congestive heart failuere, preoperative serum creatinine (PreCr) level, peak postoperative serum creatinine (Peak PostCr) level, preoperative and postoperative left ventriclular ejection fraction, preoperative ACE inhibitor use, perioperative angiography with contrast dye. Perioperative changes in creatinine clearance (DCrCl) were calculated using changes in the pre and postoperative serum creatinine values. Moderate postoperative renal dysfuntion was defined as a peak postoperative creatinine value of greater than 1.5 times and below 2.0 times the preoperative creatinine value. Severe postoperative renal dysfunction was defined as a peak postoperative creatinine of more than twice the preoperative creatinine value. RESULTS: Moderate renal dysfunction was observed in 10% of patients in the on-pump group and in 17.6% of the patients in the off-pump group. Severe renal dysfunction was observed in 6.7% of patients in the on-pump group and in 5.9% of the patients in the 0ff-pump group. Multivariate liner regression analysis showed that the preoperative and immediate postoperative creatinine clearance are associated with postoperative renal dysfuntion in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: In this retrospective study, we could not confirm that OPCAB reduces perioperative renal dysfunction more so than CABG with CPB. Diabetes was found to be significantly associated with postoperative renal dysfunction in CABG with CPB.

Use of an Epidural Catheter Placed Through a Fiberoptic Bronchoscope for Topical Anesthesia of the Larynx and Trachea in a Case of Difficult Intubation: A case report / 대한마취과학회지

Fiberoptic bronchoscope guided tracheal intubation is more popular in patient with expected difficult intubation by conventional laryngoscopy. We report a case of smooth fiberoptic bronchoscope guided tracheal intubation under local anesthesia. A 10% lidocaine spray 2-3 puffs of pharyngolaryngeal topical anesthesia and 2% lidocaine injection through a 19 gauge epidural catheter (ARROW(R)) placed over the fiberoptic bronchoscope suction channel for laryngeal and tracheal anesthesia were sufficient to prevent pain, coughing and nausea.

Use of an Epidural Catheter Placed Through a Fiberoptic Bronchoscope for Topical Anesthesia of the Larynx and Trachea in a Case of Difficult Intubation: A case report / 대한마취과학회지

Fiberoptic bronchoscope guided tracheal intubation is more popular in patient with expected difficult intubation by conventional laryngoscopy. We report a case of smooth fiberoptic bronchoscope guided tracheal intubation under local anesthesia. A 10% lidocaine spray 2-3 puffs of pharyngolaryngeal topical anesthesia and 2% lidocaine injection through a 19 gauge epidural catheter (ARROW(R)) placed over the fiberoptic bronchoscope suction channel for laryngeal and tracheal anesthesia were sufficient to prevent pain, coughing and nausea.

Epidemiology of Varicella in Korea Based on Pediatrician's Office Practice

PURPOSE: Although varicella outbreakes have frequently occured, the epidemiology of varicella in Korea has not well been delineated. Furthermore without enough investigation with regard to safety and efficacy of varicella vaccine in Korean population, the vaccine has begun to be used in healthy children. Therefore the authors analized the clinical features of patients diagnosed of varicella to aid in understanding the epidemiology of varicella in Korea, and also compared the difference depending on varicella vaccination status. METHODS: The study population consisted of 1154 otherwise healthy patients diagnosed of varicella by six private pediatricians (5 in Seoul and 1 in Incheon) from March 1994 to February 1996. The information pertaining to clinical features of varicella was obtained through questionnaires answered by pediatricians. RESULTS: 1) Among the total 1154 patients, sex ratio was 1.2:1 with male predominance. The average age was 4.1+/-2.5 years old with the range of 1 month to 15 years of age. One thousand and thirty patients (89.2%) were younger than 6 years old and 126 patients (10.9%) were younger than 1 year old. 2) Occurrence of varicella was reported every month during the study period and peak in June, July, and November to January. 3) Two hundreds and eight-four patients (24.6%) had a history of previous varicella vaccination. 4) Four hundreds and fifty-five patients (53.3%) had a history of exposure to patients with varicella and the mean incubation period was 13.7+/-4.1 days with no difference according to varicella vaccination status. 5) Prodromal symptoms were reported from 615 patients (53.3%) with temperature elevation being most frequent. Except for temperature elevation, occurrence of all other prodromal symptoms was not different between unvaccinated and vaccinated patients. 6) Duration of new rash development was 3.9+/-1.3 days with the range of 1 to 9 days and longer in unvaccinated patients (4.1+/-1.2 days) compared to vaccinated patients (3.1+/-1.1 days). Atypical rash was observed in 144 patients (12.5%) and more frequently among unvaccinated patients. 7) Sixty-eight patients suffered from complications which were skin infection (49), conjunctivitis (20), neurologic complication (1), and pneumonia (1), with no difference between unvaccinated and vaccinated patients. CONCLUSIONS: The current study is reporting, for the first time, the epidemiologic features of varicella in Korea. Bedsides, the result of the study, illustrating that 1/4 of the patients reported to have varicella were vaccinated with varicella vaccine, indicates the necessity of the investigation for the safety and efficacy of the vaccine in Korean population.

A clinical study on varicella zoster virus infection and treatment in children with malignant lymphoproliferative disease

No abstract available.

A Case of Recessive Epidermolysis Bullosa Dystrophica

No abstract available.

Orbital Infections in Children

No abstract available.