RESUMO
Augmentation of the alveolar bone is widely used in implant treatment to create predictable function and esthetics in areas with inadequate bone volume. This can be achieved by various techniques including hard tissue onlays, bone grafts, membrane techniques, bone distraction and bone expansion. The objective of this article is to discuss recent observations of the various bone grafts and bone substitutes, guided bone regeneration, combination techniques, as well as ridge preservation techniques. Despite the increase in the number of procedures that require bone grafts, there has not been a single ideal bone graft substitute. An attempt is made to review the existing bone grafts, and the developments in tissue engineering that may bring biologic alternatives to enhance the functional capabilities of the bone graft substitutes
Assuntos
Humanos , Processo Alveolar , Regeneração Óssea , Transplante Ósseo , Transplante Homólogo , Transplante Heterólogo , Substitutos Ósseos , Proteínas Morfogenéticas Ósseas , Fatores de Crescimento Transformadores , Fator de Crescimento Derivado de Plaquetas , Plasma Rico em Plaquetas , Sulfato de Cálcio , Vidro , Fosfatos de Cálcio , Durapatita , Transplante AutólogoRESUMO
Oral health status is an integral component of a general health and well-being of an individual. Knowledge about the link between periodontal disease and systemic diseases are growing rapidly. Increasing evidence is available from many investigators to indicate periodontitis as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, low birth weight infants and pulmonary diseases. Both epidemiologists and researchers in oral microbiology have contributed significantly to the new paradigm of periodontal disease. Although additional studies are needed to determine the mechanisms by which such associations exist; available research clearly demonstrates that oral diseases and conditions are not only markers for underlying health problems, but also important determinants influencing the development and management of adverse chronic health conditions. Physicians and dentists should be aware of this link and provide treatment that will greatly benefit the patients. A review of the relationship between periodontal infections and its possible impact on systemic diseases is discussed